A kind of nucleic acid vaccine adjuvant and construction method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medicine bioengineering field that learns a skill.In the art, the invention particularly relates to the immunocompetence enhancement techniques field of nucleic acid vaccine.
Background technology
Nucleic acid vaccine is meant that the plasmid vector that contains certain antigenic protein gene sequence is as vaccine; directly import in the zooblast; by host's re-recording system synthetic antigen albumen, induce the host to produce immunne response, thereby make the host obtain corresponding immunoprotection this antigen protein.Because nucleic acid vaccine can induce body to produce comprehensive immunne response; and the pathogen to different subtype has the effect of resisting that intersects; have simultaneously series of advantages such as immune protective effect is lasting, safe, convenient for production again, so be considered to the third generation vaccine after attenuation, inactivated vaccine and genetic engineering subunit vaccine.The advantage of nucleic acid vaccine mainly contains: 1, not only can induce the protection antibody at conservative antigen to produce; and CTL immunity that can the simultaneous excitation body, the prevention of the disease of dependent cells immune clearance cause of disease such as object disease of viral infection is also just more effective like this.And after the gene vaccine inoculation, antigen is consistent with the expression of virus antigen in the natural viral infection process in intracellular expression, can make antigen give immune recognition system with the processed back of the form of nature submission.This is necessary for the generation that the conformation type epitope brings out neutrality antibody; 2, preparation is easy, the preparation of time saving and energy saving gene vaccine only needs the gene of coding for antigens is designed and clones, do not need at vivoexpression and protein purification, and exogenous gene is easier to the clone and advances expression vector, can increase in a couple of days and purification it, particularly when epidemic diseases is broken out, can develop new vaccine fast to those.3, immunne response is more lasting, and bibliographical information 15 months available PCR after intramuscular injection detect the existence of exogenous plasmid dna.Experimental results show that in injection and still can detect a considerable amount of expression of exogenous gene in back 19 months.Exogenous gene and express to continue exist like this make that the memory of special immunological memory cell is reinforced in the body, thereby the protective immunity that body is obtained exists more lastingly.4, different strain cross protection of the same race this be one of great advantage of gene vaccine.In preparation during gene vaccine, can be by the entrained target gene of expression vector be transformed, thus select antigenic determinant.The nucleotide sequence of coding conservative protein of selecting a certain pathogen is as gene vaccine, because of it can not make a variation, thus can be to drift or novel generation cross immunity with a kind of cause of disease, thus play immanoprotection action.5, can be used for that treatment and prevention of tumour CTL replys also is effective removing approach that body kills cancerous tumor cell.If can find the key protein in the malignant transformation of cells process, just can prepare the CTL vaccine of tumor.After the inoculation of this gene vaccine, can bring out body and produce the CTL immunne response, immune surveillance is carried out in cancerating of pair cell, and the cell of canceration is produced immunne response, thereby provides strong modern weapon for the prevention and the immunization therapy of cancer.
Yet dna vaccination also exists tangible deficiency, and promptly dna vaccination stimulates a little less than the immunoreation that ability that body produces immunne response often causes than the conventional vaccine inoculation, and this just gives the new challenge of having researched and proposed of dna vaccination.Therefore, new vaccine adjuvant has become the research focus that receives much attention now.Immunological adjuvant is meant with antigen and uses simultaneously or in advance, can promote, prolongs or strengthen the material to the vaccine antigen specific immune response.At present most popular in the preparation of animal vaccine is oily adjuvant and aluminum salt adjuvant etc., and mainly contain cytokine, costimulatory molecules, CpG DNA and liposome (Donnelly as the adjuvant of dna vaccination, JJ, Wahren, B, and Liu, MA.DNA vaccines:progress and challenges.J Immunol., 2005,175:633-639.).
Mice FMS sample tyrosine kinase 3 parts (Flt3L) are one of colony stimulating factor family member, belong to tyrosine kinase receptor, can stimulate the propagation and the differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell, and induce the maturing dendritic cell of specific subgroup.Discover, by injection Flt3L the antigen specific immune reaction is significantly strengthened, and significantly increase quantity and the frequency of DC, Flt3L can have synergism with the various kinds of cell factor, be a kind of good DC amplification agent, in toy and people's body, reach external experimentizing and all obtained good effect (Pulendran B.Modulatingvaccine responses with dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors.Immunol Rev.2004; 199:227-50).And inducing of antigen-specific immune response depends on that to a great extent body is to the processing of this antigen molecule and the efficient of offering.Based on the important function of DC in genetic immunization,, then may be beneficial to the effect of enhancing gene immunity if the APC that recruitment comprises DC to position, target antigen place, increases antigenic picked-up and offers.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nucleic acid vaccine adjuvant and construction method thereof with cellular immunization enhanced activity.
The present invention imagines Flt3L as a kind of nucleic acid vaccine adjuvant molecule, the present invention has obtained one section sequence that lacks the part base in clone Flt3L gene process, prove that by experiment this sequence has the effect of raising and activate DC equally, do not see the relevant report of this sequence at present.
The present invention has designed a kind of plasmid pcDNA.3.1-Flt3L of the Flt3L of coding sequence, and this plasmid can efficiently express Mus Flt3L in vivo and in vitro.Through being total to the injecting immune mice with the hepatitis B surface antigen nucleic acid vaccine, we find to improve especially to nucleic acid vaccine immunity effectiveness by this plasmid, and the enhancing of cell immune response plays an important role, therefore, described plasmid and nucleic acid vaccine are injected altogether and be can be used as a kind of new nucleic acid vaccine immunity effectiveness Enhancement Method.
The invention provides a kind of nucleic acid vaccine adjuvant with cellular immunization enhanced activity, it is characterized in that this nucleic acid vaccine adjuvant is the plasmid that contains DNA sequence that can effective expression Flt3L gene splicing body molecule, DNA sequence wherein is shown in SEQ ID NO:4.
Above-mentioned plasmid is pcDNA.3.1 (+), and the present invention also can substitute with other eukaryon expression plasmids such as pVAX1 or pEZX.Plasmid also can substitute with adenovirus, slow virus etc.
The present invention also provides the construction method of above-mentioned nucleic acid vaccine adjuvant, may further comprise the steps: A) design PCR primer is as follows, adopt the extractive genomic DNA of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell to carry out PCR, the DNA sequence of the Flt3L gene splicing body molecule that obtains encoding is shown in SEQ ID NO:4;
B) DNA sequence with above-mentioned coding Flt3L gene splicing body molecule is cloned into plasmid.
Technical scheme particular content of the present invention is as follows:
1, the present invention at first according to internet database www.pubmed.com information searching the Flt3L molecular sequences of mice (GenBank:EU274583.1 is shown in SEQ ID NO:1), at its flanking gene group coding sequential design PCR primer (upstream and downstream is added Xbal I and EcoR I restriction enzyme site respectively), adopt the extractive genomic DNA of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell to carry out PCR, the clone is as follows with the PCR primer:
Forward primer: 3 ' cgggatcc Atg aca gtg ctg gcg cca gcc, 5 ' (shown in SEQ ID NO:2)
Downstream primer: 5 ' gctctagaggg atg gga ggg gag ggg cac c, 3 ' (shown in SEQ ID NO:3)
Thereby obtained comprise Flt3L molecule encoding sequence dna fragmentation (shown in SEQ ID NO:4,585bp).
2, the present invention is connected into above-mentioned clone's the dna fragmentation that comprises the pcDNA.3.1-Flt3L coded sequence (as shown in Figure 1) in the polyclone zone available from the commercialization plasmid pcDNA.3.1 (+) of American I nvitrogene company, adopts Xbal I and EcoR I restriction enzyme site.The polyclone enzyme action site of this insertion sequence flank still keeps, and can be used to insert antigen sequence does not influence its effective expression.Described Flt3L expression vector: the pcDNA.3.1-Flt3L that is.
3, plasmid of the present invention has following attribute through the zoopery checking:
(1) this plasmid can efficiently increase intracellular Flt3L developed by molecule level.
(2) this plasmid can be total to immunity and not influence latter's antigen expressed with various nucleic acid vaccines.
(3) this plasmid and hepatitis B surface antigen nucleic acid vaccine are injected mice altogether, can induce very strong antigenic specificity cell immune response, more traditional nucleic acid vaccine is significantly increased.But the influence of antagonist titre is not remarkable.
(4) in the experiment of heavy dose of this carrier of immunity repeatedly, any unusual allergy or autoimmune phenomena do not appear in laboratory animal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid ideograph
With the polyclone zone that Flt3L inserts pcDNA3.1 (+) carrier by Xbal I and EcoR I site, obtain to express the carrier of Flt3L.Green area inserts the site for the Flt3L expressed sequence among the figure, and the multiple clone site beyond the green area still keeps, and can be used for the antigen encoding sequence and inserts.This plasmid contains ammonia benzyl mycin resistant gene.
Fig. 2: immune efficacy in the body after pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid and the common immunity of pVAX1-HBsAg nucleic acid vaccine is detected antibody titer
Fig. 3: immune efficacy in the body after pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid and the common immunity of pVAX1-HBsAg nucleic acid vaccine is detected IFN-γ secretion
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail, but embodiments of the invention only are used to the present invention is described and are not used in restriction protection scope of the present invention.
The structure of embodiment 1::pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid
We at first according to the internet database information searching Flt3L molecular sequences (GenBank:EU274583.1 of mice, www.pubmed.com), at its flanking gene group coding sequential design PCR primer (upstream and downstream is added Xbal I and EcoR I restriction enzyme site respectively), adopt the extractive genomic DNA of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell to carry out PCR, Flt3L molecular sequences and clone use PCR primer such as following table.Thereby obtained the dna fragmentation that comprises Flt3L molecule encoding sequence.
We are connected into above-mentioned clone's the dna fragmentation that comprises the pcDNA.3.1-Flt3L coded sequence (Fig. 1) in the polyclone zone available from the commercialization plasmid pcDNA.3.1 (+) of American I nvitrogene company, adopt Xbal I and EcoR I restriction enzyme site.The polyclone enzyme action site of this insertion sequence flank still keeps, and can be used to insert antigen sequence does not influence its effective expression.Described Flt3L expression vector: the pcDNA.3.1-Flt3L that is.
Embodiment 2:pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid and pVAX1-HBsAg nucleic acid vaccine cotransfection situation lower body appearance Danone power detect.
Utilize mice as experimental animal model, again to mice shank injection pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid, the DC that adopts SABC to analyze injection site after 24 hours raises situation, finds after the immunity of pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid and the matched group contrast, and immune group has significant DC to raise and activate.
Embodiment 3: immune efficacy in the body after pcDNA3.1-Flt3L plasmid and the common immunity of pVAX1-HBsAg nucleic acid vaccine is detected.
With pcDNA3.1-Flt3L with 0.1mg/ only with pVAX 1-HBsAg with 0.1mg/ dosage immunity 6-8 C57BL/6 mice in age in week, immunity is 3 times altogether, 2 weeks of interval, mix incomplete Freund's adjuvant booster immunization once with HBsAg recombiant protein (10 μ g/ only) the 6th weekend, the humoral immunization aspect adopts ELISA to detect its antibody titer (as shown in Figure 2); The cellular immunization aspect, adopt the ELISPOT method to detect the IFN-γ secretion situation of spleen t-cell, found that (as shown in Figure 3), pcDNA3.1-Flt3L with 0.1mg/ only with pVAX1-HBsAg with the only common immunity of 0.1mg/ after effective inducing antigen-specific ctl response, IFN-γ secretion positive cell significantly increases, the target cell killing-efficiency significantly improves, and prompting antigenic specificity cellular immunization obtains obviously to strengthen.
Table 1, experiment grouping, immunizing dose, immunization ways