CN103551925B - A kind of blade electrode positive and negative alternative expression electrorheological fluid-assisted polishing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrorheological polishing device of positive and negative alternating type of blade electrodes. Including motors, couplings, support rods, shafts, anode conductive cylinders, insulating cylinders, blade insulation sleeves, cathode polished blades, anode polished blades, etc. The cathode polishing blade is fixed to the lower end of the rotating shaft to form the cathode, and the contact with the anode conductive cylinder is insulated with the blade insulating sleeve; the anode polishing blade is fixed to the anode conductive cylinder to form the anode, fixed to the rotating shaft through the blade insulating sleeve, and alternately distributed with the cathode polishing blade ; The ring brush is placed in the groove of the brush cover and is in close contact with the anode conductive cylinder. After electrification, the electrorheological polishing liquid distributed between the cathode polishing blade and the anode polishing blade produces an electrorheological effect, forming a flexible polishing head, and polishing the workpiece under the drive of the blade. The invention adopts streamlined blades and alternately distributed electric fields to realize a relatively large shearing speed and effectively improve the electrorheological polishing efficiency.

Description

An electrorheological polishing device with alternating positive and negative blade electrodes

technical field

The invention relates to a polishing tool, in particular to an electrorheological polishing tool of positive and negative alternating blade electrodes, which belongs to the field of ultra-precision optical surface processing tools.

Background technique

With the development of optoelectronic communication technology, the size of optoelectronic device components is gradually reduced. There is a large demand for micro-optical aspheric lenses with lower surface roughness in the optoelectronic industry products, which promotes the research on new methods of aspheric lens processing. Traditional polishing tools are mainly polishing discs. When processing tiny ultra-precision three-dimensional workpieces or molds, due to the tiny surface size of the polished workpieces, it is difficult to manufacture tiny polishing molds and gather abrasives stably in the processing area, so traditional polishing methods cannot meet the processing requirements. In order to obtain a lower surface roughness, magnetic and electric field-assisted polishing methods are used in the polishing process.

The research on electrorheological technology can be traced back to the 1950s. American scholar Winslow first invented and manufactured a liquid with high electric viscosity effect, namely electrorheological fluid. And applied for the world's first electrorheological patent in 1947, and is recognized as the founder of electrorheological technology in the world. Electrorheological technology is a high-tech technology that controls the rheological properties of materials through an external electric field. The material basis of electrorheological technology is electrorheological fluid. Electrorheological fluid is a complex fluid mixed with dielectric particles between nanometer and micrometer scale and high insulating liquid. When an electric field is applied, the dielectric particles will move along the direction of the electric field line under the action of the induced dipole moment Chain and columnar structures are formed, and these chain and columnar structures change the rheological properties of the electrorheological fluid. This special physical phenomenon is called the electrorheological effect, which makes it have obvious yield stress and become a solid-like (weak solid) substance whose strength can be compared with that of ordinary solids.

The application of electrorheological technology in the field of polishing was first proposed by T. Kuriyagawa and others from Tohoku University in Japan in 1999, and he mixed fine abrasives into the electrorheological fluid, and by applying high voltage, the electrorheological fluid was in the tool A flexible polishing head with a certain apparent viscosity and shear force will be formed near the electrode, and it will shear the surface of the workpiece following the movement of the tool electrode to achieve polishing. This technology is a new type of optical surface processing technology that combines electrodynamics, fluid mechanics and analytical chemistry theory. With the aid of computers, high-precision deterministic polishing can be achieved.

Due to the small size of the polishing spot, the electrorheological fluid polishing technology can accurately control the removal amount, and does not produce a subsurface damage layer, which is conducive to obtaining a higher surface roughness and manufacturing an ultra-smooth surface. However, when the traditional needle-shaped electrorheological polishing tool is used for polishing, due to its small shear rate and limited polishing pressure, according to Preston's empirical equation, its removal efficiency is low; at the same time, because the positive and negative electrodes of the traditional tool are both The separate installation will cause the electric force line between the positive and negative electrodes to break due to the high-speed rotation of the electrodes, thus affecting the stability of the electrorheological effect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of low material removal rate and difficult integration of the positive and negative electrodes of the existing electro-rheological polishing tool, and design an electro-rheological polishing device with alternating positive and negative blade electrodes. The structure of the device adopts a streamlined design, combined with the nonlinear distribution of the electric field, which can significantly improve the material removal efficiency; and the positive and negative electrode blades of the polishing device are arranged alternately and periodically, so that the electric field distribution is compact and the electrorheological effect is fully reflected; at the same time, the polishing device The positive and negative poles of the device realize the overall rotation, which effectively avoids the problem of electric force line breakage during the rotation process, and can achieve deterministic and flexible polishing of complex optical surfaces.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

An electrorheological polishing device with positive and negative alternating blade electrodes, including a motor, a nut, a bracket, an insulating sleeve, an adapter plate, a shaft coupling, a support rod, a rotating shaft, a base, a brush cover, screws, a ring brush, and an anode Conductive cylinders, insulating cylinders, etc., also includes integrated electrode polishing heads.

The integrated electrode polishing head includes an anode polishing blade, a blade insulating sleeve, and a cathode polishing blade; its connection relationship is: the cathode polishing blade is fixed to the lower end of the rotating shaft to form a cathode, and the blade insulating sleeve is used to insulate the contact with the anode conductive cylinder; the anode The polishing blade is fixed to the anode conductive cylinder to form the anode, which is fixed to the rotating shaft through the blade insulating sleeve, and is alternately distributed with the cathode polishing blade to form an integrated electrode polishing head;

The integrated electrode polishing head can perform self-rotation movement driven by the motor;

The motor is installed on the bracket; the bracket is fixed on the precision CNC machine tool through the adapter plate on it, and the bracket is controlled to move with multiple degrees of freedom; the upper end of the rotating shaft is fixed with the motor rotor through a coupling, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is fixed with the electrode polishing head. One;

The rotating shaft is connected to the negative pole of the DC high-voltage power supply, so that the cathode polishing blade is used as the cathode;

The upper end of the support rod passes through the screw hole and the insulating sleeve on the bracket, and is fixed with the bracket by a nut, and the lower end of the support rod passes through the screw hole and the insulating sleeve on the base, and is fixedly connected with the base with a nut; Fixed at the center of the base; the ring brush is fixed in the groove of the brush cover, and the inside of the ring brush is in close contact with the outside of the anode conductive cylinder;

The base is connected to the positive pole of the DC high-voltage power supply, so that the base, the brush cover, the ring brush, the anode conductive cylinder, and the anode polishing blade are anodes;

The invention uses a rotating integrated electrode polishing head for polishing; when a high-voltage DC voltage is applied to the anode polishing blade and the cathode polishing blade, the electrorheological fluid mixed with polishing abrasives between the two polishing blades will undergo electrorheological effects and become glue Viscous solids gather between the two polishing devices and at the edge to form a "flexible polishing head"; when the tool rotates, it drives the "flexible polishing head" to rotate and contact the surface of the workpiece, under the polarization pressure generated by the electric field, the fluid Under the joint action of gravity and dynamic pressure generated by fluid rotation, a certain shearing force is generated on the surface of the workpiece to achieve the removal of material on the surface of the workpiece, thereby achieving the polishing effect; when working, the electrorheological blade electrode is positive and negative alternating electrorheological The polishing device is combined with a multi-degree-of-freedom precision CNC machine tool. The movement of the integrated electrode polishing head is controlled by the computer, and the rotation axis is at a certain angle with the workpiece axis, so that the normal line of the center point of the "flexible polishing head" surface formed along the integrated electrode polishing head is in line with the The normals of the polished areas of the workpiece coincide to achieve deterministic polishing of optical surface components.

Beneficial effect:

1) The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated electrode tool used in electrorheological polishing equipment. The electric field application method of the integrated electrode tool is simple, which solves the problem of difficult integration of positive and negative electrodes, and can avoid positive and negative electrodes. The electric force lines between them will be broken due to the high-speed rotation of the electrodes, which will affect the stability of the electrorheological effect.

2) The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated electrode tool used in electrorheological polishing equipment. The streamlined and twisted surface design of the integrated electrode tool improves the adhesion of the electrorheological fluid and makes the polishing shear pressure more stable. .

3) The integrated electrode tool adopts the alternation of positive and negative electrode blades, so that the electric field distribution is more continuous, more periodic and consistent, and the shear pressure is more stable and consistent.

4) The integrated electrode tool adopts the alternation of positive and negative electrode blades, so that the central electric field intensity is strong, and the electric field gradually weakens from the inside to the outside, which suppresses the low material removal rate in the center part caused by the small linear velocity in the center area of the tool head. .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the blade electrode of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the bottom view of blade type electrode polishing head of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of blade type electrode polishing head of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the distribution diagram of the electric field intensity between blade type electrodes of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the distribution figure of electric field intensity between two blade electrodes of the present invention;

In the figure, 1-motor, 2-nut, 3-bracket, 4-insulating sleeve, 5-adapter plate, 6-coupling, 7-support rod, 8-rotating shaft, 9-base, 10-brush sleeve , 11-screw, 12 ring brush, 13-anode conductive cylinder, 14-insulating cylinder, 15-blade insulating sleeve, 16-cathode polishing blade, 17-anode polishing blade.

detailed description

In order to better illustrate the purpose and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the polishing device in the embodiment of the present invention includes a motor 1, a nut 2, a bracket 3, an insulating sleeve 4, an adapter plate 5, a coupling 6, a support rod 7, a rotating shaft 8, a base 9, a brush Cover 10, screw 11, ring brush 12, anode conductive cylinder 13, insulating cylinder 14, blade insulating sleeve 15, cathode polishing blade 16; motor 1 is installed on bracket 3 through positioning slot and screw; bracket 3 passes The adapter plate 5 on it is fixed on the ultra-precision CNC machine tool so as to control the movement of the bracket according to a certain trajectory; the upper end of the rotating shaft 8 is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor 1 through the coupling 6, and the lower end is connected to the integrated electrode polishing head. The rotation movement is driven by the drive; the upper end of the support rod 7 passes through the screw hole and the insulating sleeve 4 on the support 3, and is fixed with the support 3 with the nut 2, and the lower end of the support rod 7 passes through the screw hole and the insulating sleeve on the base 9. set, and fixedly connect it to the base 9 with nuts; the brush cover 10 is fixed at the center of the base 9 by screws 11; the ring brush 12 is placed in the groove of the brush cover 10, and the two are fixedly connected, and the ring The brush 12 is in close contact with the upper end of the anode conductive cylinder 13; the base 9 is connected to the positive pole of the DC high-voltage power supply, so that the base 9, the brush cover 10, the ring brush 12, and the anode conductive cylinder 13 are anodes; the rotating shaft 8 is connected to the negative pole of the DC high voltage power supply, so that the cathode polishing blade 16 is used as the cathode.

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the blade electrode of the present invention. This blade polishing head uses eight blade electrodes. The blade adopts a twisted curved surface, and the streamlined design of the electrode tool improves the adhesion of the electrorheological fluid and makes the polishing shear pressure more stable.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the blade type electrode polishing head of the present invention. The cathode polishing blade 16 is fixed to the lower end of the rotating shaft 8 to form the cathode, and is insulated with the blade insulating sleeve 15 at the contact point with the anode conductive cylinder 13; fixed and alternately distributed with cathode polishing blades 16 to form an integrated electrode polishing head. It rotates under the drive of motor 1.

FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the blade-type electrode polishing head of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of the electric field intensity between the blade-type electrodes of the present invention. After the negative voltage is applied to the cathode polishing blade 16 on the electrode polishing head and the positive voltage is applied to the anode polishing blade 17, the central electric field intensity is large between the cathode polishing blade 16 and the anode polishing blade 17, and the electric field gradually weakens from the inside to the outside. electric field distribution.

Fig. 6 is a distribution diagram of the electric field intensity between the electrodes of the two blades of the present invention. It can be clearly seen in the figure that the electric field is directed along the anode polishing vane to the cathode polishing vane, resulting in an electric field distribution in which the central electric field intensity is large and the electric field gradually weakens from the inside to the outside.

Claims (6)

1. An electrorheological polishing device with positive and negative alternating blade electrodes, including motor, nut, bracket, insulating sleeve, adapter plate, shaft coupling, support rod, rotating shaft, base, brush cover, screw, ring brush , an anode conductive cylinder, an insulating cylinder; characterized in that: it includes an integrated electrode polishing head; the integrated electrode polishing head includes an anode polishing blade, a blade insulating sleeve, and a cathode polishing blade; the connection relationship is: the cathode polishing blade and the rotating shaft The lower end is fixed to form the cathode, and the blade insulating sleeve is used to insulate the contact with the anode conductive cylinder; the anode polished blade is fixed to the anode conductive cylinder to form the anode, fixed to the rotating shaft through the blade insulating sleeve, and alternately distributed with the cathode polished blades to form an integrated electrode Polishing head; the motor is installed on the bracket; the bracket is fixed on the precision CNC machine tool through the adapter plate on it, so as to control the multi-degree-of-freedom movement of the bracket; the upper end of the rotating shaft and the motor rotor are fixed by a coupling, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is integrated with electrode polishing The head is fixed as a whole and rotates under the drive of the motor; the upper end of the support rod passes through the screw hole and the insulating sleeve on the bracket, and is fixed with the bracket by a nut, and the lower end of the support rod passes through the screw hole and the insulating sleeve on the base. The insulating sleeve is fixedly connected to the base with nuts; the brush cover is fixed at the center of the base; the ring brush is fixed in the groove of the brush cover, and the inside of the ring brush is in close contact with the outside of the anode conductive cylinder. 2 . The electrorheological polishing device of alternating positive and negative blade electrodes according to claim 1 , wherein the anode polishing blade and the cathode polishing blade in the integrated electrode polishing head are both made of high-hardness metallic conductive materials. 3 . 3 . The electrorheological polishing device of alternating positive and negative blade electrodes according to claim 1 , wherein the blade insulating sleeve in the integrated electrode polishing head is made of hard insulating material. 4 . 4 . The electrorheological polishing device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrorheological polishing device of positive and negative alternating blade electrodes is characterized in that: the rotating shaft is connected to the negative pole of a DC high voltage power supply, and the cathode polishing blade is used as a cathode. 5. An electrorheological polishing device with alternating positive and negative blade electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base is connected to the positive pole of the DC high-voltage power supply, so that the base, the brush cover, the ring brush, and the anode are conductive Cylindrical, anodically polished blades form the anode. 6 . The electrorheological polishing device of positive and negative alternating blade electrodes according to claim 1 , wherein the base and the brush cover are made of high-hardness metallic conductive materials. 7 .