CN105247103A - 用于为泵构件进行涂层的方法 - Google Patents

用于为泵构件进行涂层的方法 Download PDF

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CN105247103A
CN105247103A CN201480029168.3A CN201480029168A CN105247103A CN 105247103 A CN105247103 A CN 105247103A CN 201480029168 A CN201480029168 A CN 201480029168A CN 105247103 A CN105247103 A CN 105247103A
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blank
coating
aforementioned
plunger pump
recess
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CN105247103B (zh
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B·维基达尔
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He Deke Transmission Centered Finite Co
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He Deke Transmission Centered Finite Co
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Priority claimed from DE102013008681.7A external-priority patent/DE102013008681A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008678.7A external-priority patent/DE102013008678A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008679.5A external-priority patent/DE102013008679A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008676.0A external-priority patent/DE102013008676A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102013008677.9A external-priority patent/DE102013008677A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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    • F04B1/328—Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the axis of the cylinder barrel relative to the swash plate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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    • F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于为泵构件(23，31)、特别是轴向柱塞泵(7)的一部分进行涂层的方法，其包括步骤：提供构件(23，31)的坯件；在坯件中设置至少一个凹部；将粉末状的涂层材料充填到各个配属的凹部中；在保护气体环境下使涂层材料熔化；和在由涂层构成至少一个滑动面和/或支承面(6)的情况下对坯件进行材料切削加工。

Description

用于为泵构件进行涂层的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于为泵构件、特别是轴向柱塞泵的一部分进行涂层的方法。
背景技术
现代结构的泵，如它们例如应用在形式为轴向柱塞泵的液压系统中那样，包含具有在运行中承受高负荷的表面区域的构件。为了保障在长的运行时间上可靠的运行，通常为有关的构件至少在承受高负荷的区域上设置涂层，该涂层在关键的位置赋予有关的构件所期望的表面性能。特别是应该由经涂层的区域构成滑动点或支承点，它们能够低磨耗地和低摩擦地实现在有关的构件与固定的泵构件之间的相对运动。
发明内容
鉴于这个问题，本发明的目的是提供一种方法，该方法能够实现构成具有特别有利的表面性能的涂层。
根据本发明，这个目的通过一种包括在权利要求1中列出的方法步骤的方法得以实现。
因此本发明为涂层设定有钎焊剂方法，在该钎焊剂方法中将粉末状的涂层材料充填到相应成形在坯件的基体材料中的凹部中并且使其在该凹部中熔化。所述熔化在保护气体环境下进行并且导致钎焊连接，使得构成的涂层与坯件的基体材料不可分离地连接。为了构成相应的成品，接着对坯件进行材料切削的最后加工、例如通过车削和/或铣削的切削加工。
为了构成具有用于滑动支承点(Gleitlagerstelle)的特殊能力的涂层，可以特别有益地通过以下方式构成形式为青铜层的涂层，即，将粉末状的锡青铜CuSn6充填到相应的凹部中。
优选由钢、例如由碳素钢预车削成坯件。
可以特别有益地在真空炉内无压力地实施熔化。因此在钢与青铜之间无温差的情况下进行熔化过程。因此可以排除如在铸造中出现的缺陷如结合缺陷、钎焊裂纹(Loetriss)等。
通过熔化后有针对性的冷却可以实现调质状态。优选为此使用调质钢作为坯件的材料，在此可以实现750至850N/mm2范围内的调质状态。
根据本发明的方法以特别的方式适合于在轴向柱塞泵的配油盘和/或滑块上构成涂层。
为了制造轴向柱塞泵的配油盘，可以以有益的方式制造形式为具有中心通道的圆盘的坯件，并且在该坯件上构成形式为环形腔的凹槽，该环形腔在未加深的圆周边缘与环绕通道的且形式为未加深的环形筋条的边缘之间。
为了制造轴向柱塞泵的滑块，可以制造形式为圆柱体的坯件，在该坯件的圆柱面中构成形式为由未加深的圆周边缘限定的圆面的凹槽。
附图说明
下文参照附图进一步阐述本发明。
附图中：
图1为轴向柱塞泵的纵剖视图，其包括具有根据本发明方法制成的涂层的构件；
图2为图1所示轴向柱塞泵的配油盘的透视性斜视图，该配油盘设有根据本发明方法制成的涂层；
图3为坯件的透视性斜视图，该坯件为了制作图2所示的、根据本发明方法涂层的配油盘而预制；
图4为图3所示坯件的纵剖视图；
图5为图3和4所示坯件的透视性斜视图，其包括充填到该坯件的构成的凹槽中的粉末状涂层材料；
图6为图3和4所示坯件的纵剖视图，其包括充填到凹槽中的粉末状涂层材料；
图7为坯件最后加工后完成的配油盘的纵剖视图，该配油盘在图2中以透视图示出；
图8为坯件的纵剖视图，其用于制作根据本发明方法涂层的、用于图1所示轴向柱塞泵的滑块；
图9为图8所示坯件的纵剖视图，其包括充填到构成的凹槽中的粉末状涂层材料；
图10为在图9所示坯件的最后加工后完成的滑块的纵剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出的是斜盘结构的轴向柱塞泵，该轴向柱塞泵具有如下的构件，这些构件具有根据本发明方法制作的涂层24。以在这种类型的轴向柱塞泵中通常的方式在泵壳7中设置有可旋转驱动的缸筒1，该缸筒配有有斜盘3，该斜盘为了调节输送功率并且由此调节可以由泵产生的系统压力而是可枢转的，其中，斜盘3的旋转轴线在图1中标注为37。泵壳7具有位于附图上部的上部部分9和下部部分11。用于缸筒1的驱动轴13为了围绕标注为15的轴线的旋转运动而在上部部分9中支承在圆锥滚子轴承16中并且借助滑动轴承17支承在下部部分11中。缸筒1的、其内引导有活塞21的缸腔19(在图1的截面中只能看到缸腔19)在位于附图下部的缸端部上与配油盘23接触，该配油盘贴靠在壳体下部部分11上。配油盘23具有用于吸入侧的接口29与压力侧的接口27之间的连接的、通入缸筒1的缸腔19中的控制口25和26。在图2和7中分开示出的配油盘23在位于附图上部的、朝向缸筒1的那侧上具有涂层24，参见图2，该涂层根据本发明的方法制成并且构成支承面，缸筒1的略微凹状拱起的底面8在其旋转运动时在该支承面上滑动。在图7中，涂层24的构成中心通道14与毗邻的控制口25和26之间的支承点的部分标注为6。
在缸筒1运动时，活塞21分别通过一个滑块31在位于斜盘3下侧面上的滑动面33上滑动。在图10中单独示出滑块31。滑块31与附属活塞21的活塞上侧面球节状地连接，其中，球节由活塞21上的球头34和滑块31中的球窝36构成。球节通过滑块31上的卷边(Einboerdelung)38固定。球头34中和滑块31中的油孔35构成用于流体如用于润滑滑动面33和滑块的流体静力学地减负的液压油的通路。与配油盘23相似，滑块31也具有根据本发明方法制成的涂层24。
如已经提及的那样，为了调节输送量可以围绕位于斜盘3的滑动面33平面中的枢转轴线37调节斜盘3。这个枢转轴线37由构成在斜盘3与上部部分9之间的斜盘支承部限定。这个斜盘支承部在上部部分9上具有塑料支承瓦39，斜盘3以球冠状的滑动面41在该塑料支承瓦上被引导。在滑动面41中为了驱动轴13的通过而在斜盘3中构成有向上呈锥状扩大的通孔43。在孔43附近的两侧设置有从滑动面41凸起的导轨45作为斜盘支承部的组成部分。为了斜盘3围绕枢转轴线37的枢转运动，该斜盘3的位于图1左侧的那侧与摇杆47螺纹连接，该摇杆与轴线15平行地在缸筒1旁延伸并且在该摇杆的位于图1下部的端部49处可以沿着垂直于附图平面延伸的方向运动，以便引起斜盘3围绕枢转轴线37的相应的枢转运动。摇杆47利用位于孔51中的内螺纹而拧紧在斜盘3的配属的侧面上。
如图1示出的那样，构成供给和加压装置的组成部分的铰接管5沿着平行于轴线15延伸的方向设置在缸筒1的旁侧。铰接管5以其位于图1下部的端部支承在壳体下部部分11上的连接部件55中的容纳部53中，该容纳部53能够实现铰接管5的轴向移动。部件55包含在图1中看不到的、通向压力侧29的连接通道，该连接通道通入铰接管5的容纳部53中。铰接管5的上端部经由连接件58而与斜盘3铰接连接，该连接件在滑动面33的外部侧向设置在斜盘3的下侧。铰接连接通过一种球节得以实现并且在铰接管5的上端部上具有球头59，该球头容纳在连接件58的球窝61中。铰接管5经由连接件58而相对斜盘3夹紧。为了这个目的，在铰接管5的下端部与容纳部53的底部之间设置有盘形弹簧组63。连接件58中的流体通道67使通向压力侧29的流体连接经由球头59上的管口向外延伸到斜盘。构造在斜盘3内的润滑油路73、75与连接件58的通道67连接，在图1中只能看到这些润滑油路中的一些润滑油路，并且这些润滑油路中的竖直的油路75在滑动面41的为用于枢转盘支承的润滑剂供应而考虑的位置上通入。
图3至7对用于在图1所示轴向柱塞泵的配油盘23上构成涂层24的本发明方法的步骤加以说明。图3示出的是由调质钢制作成车削件的、形式为圆柱盘的坯件81，其具有在未加深的圆周边缘85与中心通道14的边缘上的未加深的环形筋条87之间的圆环形的凹槽83。如图4示出的那样，凹槽83沿着径向方向持续加深。图5和6对进一步的方法步骤加以说明，在该方法步骤中将粉末状的涂层材料4充填到凹槽83中。为了构成形式为支承青铜的涂层，充填粉末状的锡青铜CuSn6作为填充材料。然后将涂层材料4在保护气体环境下无压力地在真空炉内熔化。青铜层通过产生的钎焊连接而不可分离地与基体部分连接。通过钎焊过程后的有针对性的冷却可以实现一定的调质状态。图7对在图5和6中示出的半成品经过车削而具有图2和7示出的形式之后的配油盘23的完成状态加以说明。如可以看出的那样，在此，在中心通道14与吸入侧的控制口25以及压力侧的控制口26之间以及在法兰状的圆周区域89与控制口25、26之间分别由涂层24构成滑动支承区域，如它们在图7中标注为6那样。由涂层24构成的支承区域6与缸筒1的轻微凹状拱起的底面8相似地凸状拱起。涂层24的区域6与缸筒1的底面8共同经过研磨。
图8至10对根据本发明涂层方法对图1的轴向柱塞泵的滑块31进行的涂层加以说明。再次对钢坯件82进行预车削，从而构成形式为由未加深的圆周边缘88限定的圆面的凹槽84，向该凹槽中充填粉末状的涂层材料4、再次是锡青铜。然后如之前以配油盘23为例说明的那样进行熔化。在图9中示出的是熔化后构成的半成品。通过接下来的通过车削和铣削的最后加工(图9用虚线91和93示出一些加工线)，将滑块31制成图10示出的最终形状。如由此可以看出的那样，对滑块31的、为了与轴向柱塞泵的滑动面33共同作用而设置的上侧面进行加工，从而由涂层24构成形式为上侧面95圆周区域上的并排圆环的支承区域6。

Claims (9)

1.用于为泵构件(23，31)、特别是轴向柱塞泵(7)的一部分进行涂层(24)的方法，其包括步骤：
-提供构件(23，31)的坯件(81，82)；
-在坯件(81，82)中设置至少一个凹部(83，84)；
-将粉末状的涂层材料(4)充填到各个配属的凹部(83，84)中；
-在保护气体环境下使涂层材料(4)熔化；和
-在由涂层(24)构成至少一个滑动面和/或支承面(6)的情况下对坯件(81，82)进行材料切削加工。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：为了构成形式为青铜层的涂层(24)，将粉末状的锡青铜(CuSn6)充填到相应的凹部(83，84)中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：由钢制成坯件(81，82)。
4.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：无压力地在真空炉内实施熔化。
5.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：通过熔化使坯件(81，82)进入调质状态。
6.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：由调质钢构成坯件(81，82)。
7.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在作为轴向柱塞泵(7)的泵构件的配油盘(23)和/或滑块(31)上构成涂层(24)。
8.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：为了构成轴向柱塞泵(7)的配油盘(23)，制作形式为具有中心通道(14)的圆盘的坯件(81)，并且在该坯件(81)上构成形式为环形腔的凹槽(83)，该环形腔在未加深的圆周边缘(85)与环绕所述通道(14)的且形式为未加深的环形筋条(87)的边缘之间。
9.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：为了制作轴向柱塞泵(7)的滑块(31)，制作形式为圆柱体的坯件(82)，并且在该坯件的圆柱面中构成形式为由未加深的圆周边缘(88)限定的圆面的凹槽(84)。
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