CN108308403B - A method for correcting the amino acid digestibility of feed raw materials for pig feed preparation - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种校正饲料原料氨基酸消化率用于猪饲料配制的方法，包括:(1)在生长猪回肠末端安装瘘管以收集动物的回肠末端食糜，测定氨基酸的回肠末端消化率；(2)在限制饲养条件下测定生长猪饲喂半纯合饲粮时的AID和SID；在自由采食条件下测定生长猪饲喂常规饲粮时的日粮氨基酸消化率；(3)以采食量FI和饲粮中营养成分浓度建立各个氨基酸消化率的校正系数二元回归预测方程：通过将半纯合日粮中该氨基酸的浓度以及试验时日采食量占实验猪体重百分比带入方程，得出的消化率校正系数乘以半纯合日粮测定的该氨基酸消化率即得到校正消化率；经验证，使用校正后饲料原料氨基酸消化率数值配制全价配合饲料，所得配合饲料可消化氨基酸含量与实际测定值基本吻合。The invention discloses a method for calibrating the amino acid digestibility of feed raw materials for pig feed preparation, comprising: (1) installing a fistula at the end of the ileum of a growing pig to collect the chyme of the animal's end ileum, and measuring the digestibility of the amino acid at the end of the ileum; ( 2) Determination of AID and SID of growing pigs fed semi-homogenous diets under restricted feeding conditions; determination of dietary amino acid digestibility of growing pigs fed conventional diets under ad libitum conditions; A binary regression prediction equation for the correction coefficient of each amino acid digestibility was established based on the food intake FI and the concentration of nutrients in the diet. Enter the equation, and multiply the obtained digestibility correction coefficient by the amino acid digestibility measured in the semi-homogenous diet to obtain the corrected digestibility; it has been verified that the full price compound feed is prepared by using the corrected amino acid digestibility value of the feed raw material, and the obtained compound feed The digestible amino acid content was basically consistent with the actual measured value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a feed for growing pigs by correcting the digestibility of feed raw materials, namely amino acid, and belongs to the technical field of feeds.
Background
Accurate evaluation of the digestibility of the feed raw materials and application of the feed raw materials in feed preparation are important research contents of pig amino acid nutrition. According to the research progress of evaluating the amino acid of the feed raw materials, the ileum terminal amino acid digestibility can better represent the effective absorption condition of the pig on the protein nutrition of the feed raw materials, so that at present, half of the methods adopt the ileum terminal amino acid digestibility to estimate the digestible amino acid nutrition components of the daily ration of the growing-finishing pig. Also, the amino acid requirements of growing-finishing pigs are usually expressed using terminal ileal digestible nutrients. Ileal terminal amino acid digestibility can be divided into Apparent (AID) and Standard (SID) ileal amino acid digestibility, depending on the correction method for the endogenous nitrogen excretion profile in pigs.
Assessment of amino acid digestibility of growing pig feed materials is affected by feed crude protein levels, diet type, and feed intake. At present, when a digestive metabolism experiment is carried out to determine the digestibility of the feed raw material amino acid of the growing pig, the growing pig is usually fed with a half-homozygous diet mainly containing corn starch (the feed raw material to be detected is the only protein source of the diet), and the daily feed intake is controlled to be about 4 percent of the body weight (restricted feeding). The commercial feed fed in the pig raising production process is a conventional diet mainly comprising corn and soybean meal, and the average daily feed intake can reach 5% of the weight of the growing pigs under the condition of free feed intake. Amino acid digestibility measured with a semi-homozygous diet at 4% feed intake varies somewhat when used to formulate a conventional diet based on corn for feeding growing pigs on free feed. Therefore, when a full-rate formula ration is prepared by actually using the amino acid digestibility measured under the feed-limiting condition of the semi-homozygous ration, there is a possibility that the estimated digestible amino acid content in the ration does not match the actually measured value. To overcome this problem, the present invention has been made to formulate a feed that more closely matches the amino acid requirements of growing pigs by establishing a method for correcting the digestibility of the amino acids of the feed materials of growing pigs.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for correcting feed ingredient amino acid digestibility for pig feed formulation comprising the steps of:
step one, installing a fistula at the tail end of the ileum of a growing pig through a surgical operation to continuously collect chyme at the tail end of the ileum of the animal so as to determine the tail end digestibility of the amino acid ileum;
feeding test pigs with half-homozygous daily ration under the condition of restricted feeding, and respectively measuring the apparent ileum amino acid digestibility and the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of conventional feed raw materials such as corn, bean pulp, wheat middling, a corn alcohol tank, soluble substances thereof, rapeseed meal and the like under different amino acid levels and different feed intake levels; wherein the daily feed intake under the restricted feeding condition is calculated from 3-5% of the weight of the pig, and the daily feed intake under the free feed condition is close to 5% of the weight of the pig;
step three, establishing a correction coefficient binary regression prediction equation of the digestibility of each amino acid by taking the concentration of nutrient components in the feed and the feed intake FI as independent variables:
arginine Arg: y-1.2824-0.3732 Arg-0.0574FI +0.0749Arg × FI, R20.9629, where Arg concentration was used in the range: 0.33 to 0.12 percent;
histidine His: y is 1.3840-1.2096His-0.0745FI +0.2320His × FI, R20.9187, where His concentration was used range: 0.20-0.53%;
isoleucine Ile: y-1.3968-0.7221 Ile-0.0765FI +0.1367Ile × FI, R20.9012, where Ile concentration usage ranges: 0.30-0.75%;
leucine Leu: y-1.4631-0.4493 Leu-0.0890FI +0.0851Leu × FI, R20.8951, where Leu concentration ranges are used: 0.69-1.50%;
lysine Lys: y-1.4648-0.6348 Lys-0.0942FI +0.1260Lys XFI, R20.9044, where Lys concentration use range: 0.44-1.15%;
methionine Met: y is 1.3595-2.4545Met-0.0709FI +0.4734Met × FI, R20.8634, where Met concentration was used range: 0.09-0.29%;
phenylalanine Phe: 1.3499-0.5118Phe-0.0683FI +0.0982Phe × FI, R20.9107, where Phe concentration was used in the range: 0.40-1.00%;
threonine Thr: y-2.0128-2.0972 Thr-0.2018FI +0.4158Thr × FI, R20.9920, where the Thr concentration was used range: 0.25-0.66%;
tryptophan Trp: y 1.5159-3.4109Trp-0.0996FI +0.6518Trp × FI, R20.9247, where Trp concentration use range: 0.08-0.24%;
valine Val: y 1.5190-0.8046Val-0.1019FI +0.1557Val × FI, R20.9345, where Val concentrations are used: 0.36-0.95%;
cystine Cys: y-1.7016-4.5423 Cys-0.1400FI +0.8839Cys × FI, R20.8668, where Cys concentration was used range: 0.10 to 0.31 percent;
wherein, the feed intake FI is 3-5% of the feed intake of dry matter in the weight percentage of the experimental pig per day; the concentration of the nutrient components in the feed is the percentage of the dry matter of each amino acid in the feed, namely the concentration of the amino acid; the concentration of the amino acid in the semi-homozygous daily ration and the weight percentage of the daily feed intake of the experimental pig in the experimental time are substituted into an equation, and the corrected digestibility is obtained by multiplying the obtained digestibility correction coefficient by the digestibility of the amino acid determined by the semi-homozygous daily ration;
step four, determining the daily ration standard ileum amino acid digestibility of the growing pig when the growing pig is fed with corn-soybean meal, corn-DDGS feed, corn-rapeseed meal and corn-wheat middling conventional feed under the free feeding condition, and verifying whether the calculated value of the amino acid digestibility corrected by establishing the mathematical model in the step three is consistent with the determined value;
preferably, in the third step, the binary regression prediction equation is modeled by using PROC REG statements in the SAS software.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: according to the method, a correction coefficient binary regression prediction equation of the digestibility of each amino acid is established by using the feed intake FI under the condition of limiting feeding and the concentration of nutrient components in the feed, and the correction coefficient obtained by the binary regression prediction equation is multiplied by the digestibility of the amino acid determined by the half-homozygous ration to obtain the corrected digestibility; the verification proves that the corrected feed raw material amino acid digestibility value is used for preparing the complete compound feed, the digestible amino acid content of the compound feed obtained by calculation is basically consistent with the actually measured value, and the accuracy is better than the feed raw material amino acid digestibility measured by using the semi-homozygous daily ration method commonly used in the academia at present.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1:
in order to correct the digestibility of the feed raw materials, namely the amino acid, measured under the test conditions so as to more accurately express the content of the digestible amino acid of the raw materials in the compound feed produced by actual pig raising, the digestibility of the feed raw materials, namely the amino acid, measured under the test conditions needs to be corrected;
a method for correcting digestibility of feed raw materials and preparing pig feed comprises the following steps:
step one, installing a fistula at the tail end of the ileum of a growing pig through a surgical operation to continuously collect chyme at the tail end of the ileum of the animal so as to determine the tail end digestibility of the amino acid ileum;
feeding test pigs with half-homozygous daily ration under the condition of restricted feeding, and respectively measuring the apparent ileum amino acid digestibility and the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of conventional feed raw materials such as corn, bean pulp, wheat middling, a corn alcohol tank, soluble substances thereof, rapeseed meal and the like under different amino acid levels and different feed intake levels; wherein the daily feed intake under the restricted feeding condition is calculated from 3-5% of the weight of the pig, and the daily feed intake under the free feed condition is close to 5% of the weight of the pig;
step three, according to the SID of different amino acids in the conventional feed raw materials such as corn, bean pulp, wheat middling, corn alcohol tank and soluble substances thereof, rapeseed meal and the like measured in the step two, establishing a mathematical model to correct the measured values of the digestibility of different amino acids of the feed raw materials, so that the sum of the corrected values of the digestibility of the amino acids of different feed raw materials multiplied by the correction coefficients is equal to the digestibility of the amino acids of the corresponding ration prepared by the correction coefficients; a large number of experimental researches show that the digestibility of protein amino acid in the feed is in negative correlation with the feed intake under the normal daily ration amino acid concentration, and is in positive correlation with the feed intake when the amino acid concentration is lower; according to the experimental data of the invention, a PROC REG statement in SAS software is used to establish a correction coefficient (long-fat pig, free feeding and ration meeting the nutritional requirement of the long-fat pig) binary regression prediction equation of the digestibility of each amino acid according to the feed intake (FI, the daily dry matter feed accounts for 3-5 percent of the weight of the experimental pig) and the concentration of the nutritional ingredients in the ration (the dry matter percentage of each amino acid in the ration), and the use range of the concentration of the amino acid is as follows:
among them, the calculation process of the correction coefficient of the lysine digestibility is exemplified:
using a semi-homozygous ration of soybean meal containing 1% lysine, lysine SID was determined to be 85.1%, 85.0%, and 79.5% at daily feed intake levels equivalent to 3%, 4%, and 5% body weight; using a semi-homozygous ration of soybean meal containing 0.5% lysine, lysine SID was determined to be 76.1%, 80.3%, and 80.7% at daily feed intake levels equivalent to 3%, 4%, and 5% body weight; according to experimental observations, the daily feed intake of the test pigs at free feed was approximately 5% of body weight, so the 5% feed intake data was used here as the reference data in the case of free feed, giving lysine SID at three feed intake levels of 93.4%, 93.5%, and 100% respectively at a daily lysine concentration of 1%; similarly, at a daily lysine level of 0.5%, lysine SIDs at the three feed intake levels were 106.0%, 100.5%, and 100% under free feed conditions, respectively; assuming that the percentage of the measured lysine SID corresponding to the lysine SID under the free feeding condition is y, the content of the half-homozygous ration lysine used in the measurement is X1(Lys), and the percentage of the feed intake corresponding to the body weight is X2(FI), after a large amount of test data are accumulated, the correction coefficient applicable to the lysine can be obtained according to the regression analysis of SAS software:
lysine Lys: y-1.4648-0.6348 Lys-0.0942FI +0.1260Lys XFI, R20.9044, where Lys concentration use range: 0.44-1.15 percent
Similarly, various essential amino acid correction factors were established as follows:
arginine Arg: y-1.2824-0.3732 Arg-0.0574FI +0.0749Arg × FI, R20.9629, where Arg concentration was used in the range: 0.33 to 0.12 percent;
histidine His: y is 1.3840-1.2096His-0.0745FI +0.2320His × FI, R20.9187, where His concentration was used range: 0.20-0.53%;
isoleucine Ile: y-1.3968-0.7221 Ile-0.0765FI +0.1367Ile × FI, R20.9012, where Ile concentration usage ranges: 0.30-0.75%;
leucine Leu: y-1.4631-0.4493 Leu-0.0890FI +0.0851Leu × FI, R20.8951, where Leu concentration ranges are used: 0.69-1.50%;
methionine Met: y is 1.3595-2.4545Met-0.0709FI +0.4734Met × FI, R20.8634, where Met concentration was used range: 0.09-0.29%;
phenylalanine Phe: 1.3499-0.5118Phe-0.0683FI +0.0982Phe × FI, R20.9107, where Phe concentration was used in the range: 0.40-1.00%;
threonine Thr: y-2.0128-2.0972 Thr-0.2018FI +0.4158Thr × FI, R20.9920, where the Thr concentration was used range: 0.25-0.66%;
tryptophan Trp: y is 1.5159-3.4109Trp-0.0996FI +0.6518Trp×FI，R20.9247, where Trp concentration use range: 0.08-0.24%;
valine Val: y 1.5190-0.8046Val-0.1019FI +0.1557Val × FI, R20.9345, where Val concentrations are used: 0.36-0.95%;
cystine Cys: y-1.7016-4.5423 Cys-0.1400FI +0.8839Cys × FI, R20.8668, where Cys concentration was used range: 0.10 to 0.31 percent;
wherein, the amino acid comprises ten essential amino acids and one non-essential amino acid cystine; because pigs have certain capability of synthesizing non-essential amino acids in vivo, the determination of the digestibility of the non-essential amino acids in the feed is greatly influenced by the variation; the establishment of the regression equation has certain difficulty and low accuracy; however, since the non-essential amino acids can be synthesized in pigs, the content of various non-essential amino acids in daily ration is not needed to be considered in production, and thus the content is not listed; cystine is usually considered together with methionine in the preparation process of daily ration of the actual growing-finishing pig, so a regression prediction equation is listed here.
When the regression equation is used for correcting the digestibility of the amino acid, the concentration of the amino acid in the semi-homozygous ration and the daily feed intake of the experimental pig in percentage by weight of the experimental pig need to be brought into the equation, and the corrected digestibility is obtained by multiplying the obtained digestibility correction coefficient by the digestibility of the amino acid determined by the semi-homozygous ration, so that the digestible amino acid content of the full-price ration prepared by using the feed raw materials under the condition of free feed intake of the pig can be more accurately estimated;
for example, soybean meal lysine SID was determined to be 87% using a semi-homozygous ration, the dry matter content of lysine in the semi-homozygous ration was determined to be 0.88%, and the daily feed intake accounted for 3.5% of the experimental pig weight, substituted into the formula:
y＝1.4648-0.6348Lys-0.0942FI+0.1260Lys×FI，
wherein Lys is 0.88 and FI is 3.5, yielding:
y is 1.4648-0.6348 x 0.88-0.0942 x 3.5+0.1260 x 0.88 x 3.5-0.9646, and is obtained from soybean meal with a lysine digestibility of 87% x 0.9646-83.9% corrected from a feed formula;
in another example, the wheat middling methionine digestibility measured by using the half-homozygous daily ration is 68%, the methionine content in the half-homozygous daily ration is 0.10%, the daily feed intake accounts for 3.2% of the weight of the experimental pig, and the formula is substituted:
y＝1.3595-2.4545Met-0.0709FI+0.4734Met×FI，
wherein Met is 0.10, FI is 3.2, and the following are obtained:
y-1.3595-2.4545 x 0.10-0.0709 x 3.2+0.4734 x 0.10 x 3.2-1.0387, which is obtained from wheat middlings with a methionine digestibility corrected by ingestion of compound feed of 68% x 1.0387-70.6%;
step four, determining the daily ration standard ileum amino acid digestibility of the growing pig when the growing pig is fed with corn-soybean meal, corn-DDGS feed, corn-rapeseed meal and corn-wheat middling conventional feed under the free feeding condition, and verifying whether the calculated value of the amino acid digestibility corrected by establishing the mathematical model in the step three is consistent with the determined value; the verification proves that the corrected feed raw material amino acid digestibility value is used for preparing the complete compound feed, the digestible amino acid content of the compound feed obtained by calculation is basically consistent with the actually measured value, and the accuracy is better than the feed raw material amino acid digestibility obtained by using the half-homozygous daily ration.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the examples shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A method for correcting digestibility of feed raw materials and preparing pig feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, installing a fistula at the tail end of the ileum of a growing pig through a surgical operation to continuously collect chyme at the tail end of the ileum of the animal so as to determine the tail end digestibility of the amino acid ileum;
feeding test pigs with half-homozygous daily ration under the condition of restricted feeding, and respectively measuring the apparent ileum amino acid digestibility and the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of the conventional feed raw materials of corn, bean pulp, wheat middling, a corn alcohol tank and soluble substances thereof and rapeseed meal under different amino acid levels and different feed intake levels; wherein the daily feed intake under the restricted feeding condition is calculated from 3-5% of the weight of the pig, and the daily feed intake under the free feeding condition is 5% of the weight of the pig;
step three, establishing a correction coefficient binary regression prediction equation of the digestibility of each amino acid by taking the concentration of nutrient components in the feed and the feed intake FI as independent variables:
arginine Arg: y =1.2824-0.3732Arg-0.0574FI +0.0749Arg × FI, R2=0.9629, where Arg concentration use range: 0.33 to 0.12 percent;
histidine His: y =1.3840-1.2096His-0.0745FI +0.2320His × FI, R2=0.9187, wherein the His concentration usage range: 0.20-0.53%;
isoleucine Ile: y =1.3968-0.7221Ile-0.0765FI +0.1367Ile × FI, R2=0.9012, where Ile concentration use range: 0.30-0.75%;
leucine Leu: y =1.4631-0.4493Leu-0.0890FI +0.0851Leu × FI, R2=0.8951, where Leu concentration use range: 0.69-1.50%;
lysine Lys: y =1.4648-0.6348Lys-0.0942FI +0.1260Lys XFI, R2=0.9044, where Lys concentration use range: 0.44-1.15%;
methionine Met: y =1.3595-2.4545Met-0.0709FI +0.4734Met × FI, R2=0.8634, wherein the Met concentration usage range: 0.09-0.29%;
phenylalanine Phe: y =1.3499-0.5118Phe-0.0683FI +0.0982Phe × FI, R2=0.9107, wherein the Phe concentration was used in the range: 0.40-1.00%;
threonine Thr: y =2.0128-2.0972Thr-0.2018FI +0.4158Thr × FI, R2=0.9920, where the Thr concentration usage range: 0.25-0.66%;
tryptophan Trp: y =1.5159-3.4109Trp-0.0996FI +0.6518Trp × FI, R2=0.9247, where Trp concentration usage range: 0.08-0.24%;
valine Val: y =1.5190-0.8046Val-0.1019FI+0.1557Val×FI，R2=0.9345, where Val concentration use range: 0.36-0.95%;
cystine Cys: y =1.7016-4.5423Cys-0.1400FI +0.8839Cys × FI, R2=0.8668, where Cys concentration was used range: 0.10 to 0.31 percent;
wherein, the feed intake FI is 3-5% of the feed intake of dry matter in the weight percentage of the experimental pig per day; the concentration of the nutrient components in the feed is the percentage of the dry matter of each amino acid in the feed, namely the concentration of the amino acid; the concentration of the amino acid in the semi-homozygous daily ration and the weight percentage of the daily feed intake of the experimental pig in the experimental time are substituted into an equation, and the corrected digestibility is obtained by multiplying the obtained digestibility correction coefficient by the digestibility of the amino acid determined by the semi-homozygous daily ration;
and step four, determining the standard ileum amino acid digestibility of the daily ration when the growing pigs are fed with corn-soybean meal, corn-DDGS feed, corn-rapeseed meal and corn-wheat middling conventional feed under the free feeding condition, and verifying whether the calculated value of the amino acid digestibility corrected by establishing the mathematical model in the step three is consistent with the determined value.
2. The method for correcting feed ingredient amino acid digestibility for pig feed formulation of claim 1, wherein in step three, the equation for binary regression prediction is modeled using PROC REG statements in SAS software.
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| CN114223795B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-05-23 | 西南科技大学 | Preparation method of probiotics feed for piglets |
| CN114742290B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2024-10-18 | 东北农业大学 | A method for predicting feed conversion efficiency of broiler chickens by plasma metabolite abundance modeling |
| CN115444078B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-05-31 | 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院(山东省海洋环境监测中心、山东省水产品质量检验中心) | Amino acid balancing method for non-grain plant protein based on enzymatic hydrolysis reaction |
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| US5714185A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1998-02-03 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Agriculture | Protected feed product |
| CN103353508A (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2013-10-16 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | A Method to Predict Forage Dry Matter Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy |
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| US5714185A (en) * | 1994-05-10 | 1998-02-03 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Agriculture | Protected feed product |
| CN103353508A (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2013-10-16 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | A Method to Predict Forage Dry Matter Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy |
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