CN108398287B - Micro lysimeter soil sample collection method - Google Patents
Micro lysimeter soil sample collection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108398287B CN108398287B CN201810301852.2A CN201810301852A CN108398287B CN 108398287 B CN108398287 B CN 108398287B CN 201810301852 A CN201810301852 A CN 201810301852A CN 108398287 B CN108398287 B CN 108398287B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007907 direct compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微型蒸渗仪土样采集方法，为了提供一种减少对土样原状的破坏而设计。本发明微型蒸渗仪土样采集方法，以同一原点为圆心，在土样采集区画出分别以第一直径、第二直径为直径的采集圆和挖孔圆，在采集圆上采用土样采集刀向土层插入，将待采集圆柱状土样与其周围的土壤分离，将采集圆和挖孔圆之间的环状结构处土壤挖去一半，在所述待采集圆柱状土样下方形成一个缺口；将所述待采集圆柱状土样顶起，带回实验地进行土壤蒸渗实验。本发明避免了传统方法土样采集后可能出现土样过大或过小或形图不符合微型蒸渗仪对土样的要求，在很大程度上减少了土样采集后的后续加工处理的工作量。
The invention discloses a soil sample collection method of a micro lysimeter, which is designed to reduce the damage to the original state of the soil sample. The soil sample collection method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention takes the same origin as the center of the circle, draws a collection circle and a digging circle with the first diameter and the second diameter as the diameters respectively in the soil sample collection area, and collects soil samples on the collection circle. Insert the knife into the soil layer, separate the cylindrical soil sample to be collected from the surrounding soil, dig out half of the soil at the annular structure between the collecting circle and the digging circle, and form a soil under the cylindrical soil sample to be collected. The gap; the cylindrical soil sample to be collected is jacked up and brought back to the experimental site for soil evapotranspiration experiment. The invention avoids the possibility that the soil sample is too large or too small or the shape and figure do not meet the requirements of the micro lysimeter for the soil sample after the soil sample collection in the traditional method, and greatly reduces the subsequent processing after the soil sample collection. workload.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil sample collection method of a micro lysimeter.
Background
At present, a peripheral excavation method is commonly used for micro-evaporation instrument infiltration to collect soil samples, or an electric screw press transmission technology is adopted, the workload of the peripheral excavation method is large, and the micro-evaporation instrument needs to collect soil samples with small specifications, so that undisturbed soil or nearly undisturbed soil is difficult to collect by the method.
In order to solve the problems, a soil sample collecting method of a micro lysimeter is developed, so that the micro lysimeter has industrial utilization value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a soil sample collecting method of a micro lysimeter, which reduces the collecting workload of the micro lysimeter and reduces the damage to the original state of the soil sample.
In order to achieve the aim, the soil sample collecting method of the miniature lysimeter comprises the following steps:
drawing an acquisition circle and a hole digging circle which respectively take a first diameter and a second diameter as diameters in a soil sample acquisition area by taking the same original point as the center of a circle, wherein the first diameter is the diameter of a cylindrical soil sample to be acquired, and the second diameter is 8-12cm larger than the first diameter;
inserting a soil sample collecting cutter into the soil layer on the collecting circle to separate the cylindrical soil sample to be collected from the soil around the cylindrical soil sample, namely inserting a circle of separating seam between the cylindrical soil sample to be collected and the soil around the cylindrical soil sample;
digging half of soil at an annular structure between the collection circle and the hole digging circle, namely forming a 180-degree arc groove between the collection circle and the hole digging circle, wherein the depth of the arc groove is m, the height of the cylindrical soil sample to be collected is n, and m is 15-30cm larger than n;
utilizing a shovel to carry out soil digging treatment on the soil at the lower part of the cylindrical soil sample to be collected at the arc groove, forming a notch below the cylindrical soil sample to be collected, wherein the plane area of the notch is not more than 3/4 of the area of the collection circle, the soil digging range is an upper surface boundary taking the downward n of the upper surface of the cylindrical soil sample to be collected as the soil digging range, and the circumference corresponding to the hole digging circle is a circumference boundary;
jacking the cylindrical soil sample to be collected by using a jack, separating the cylindrical soil sample to be collected from a soil layer below the cylindrical soil sample to be collected, barreling the cylindrical soil sample, and bringing the cylindrical soil sample back to the experimental ground for a soil evaporation and infiltration experiment;
the soil sample collecting knife comprises an arc-shaped blade and an arc-shaped knife box matched with the arc-shaped blade in shape, the arc-shaped knife box is sleeved on the arc-shaped blade, a plurality of first bolt holes are formed in the side edge of the arc-shaped blade in the length direction, at least one second bolt hole corresponding to the first bolt hole is formed in the arc-shaped knife box, different first bolt holes and different second bolt holes are enabled to correspond to each other by sliding the arc-shaped blade in the length direction of the arc-shaped knife box, the arc-shaped blade and the arc-shaped knife box are fixed together by a bolt simultaneously penetrating through the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole, and the length of the soil shoveling end of the arc-shaped blade extending out of the arc-shaped knife box is further changed; the central angle of the circular arc-shaped blade is 90 degrees.
Furthermore, a handle rod is connected to the circular-arc-shaped knife box.
Furthermore, a force application stepping block is arranged on the arc-shaped cutter box corresponding to the soil shoveling force application direction of the arc-shaped cutter blade.
Further, the soil shoveling side edge of the arc-shaped blade is of an arc-shaped structure, and the central angle of the arc-shaped structure is 30-60 degrees.
Furthermore, a ruler for measuring the depth of the upper layer is arranged in the length direction of the circular arc-shaped blade.
By the scheme, the soil sample collection method of the miniature lysimeter at least has the following advantages:
(1) the workload of soil sample collection of the traditional miniature lysimeter is reduced;
(2) the soil close to the original state can be taken, the disturbance to the soil sample is reduced to a great extent, and the quality of soil sample collection is improved;
(3) the collected soil sample of the micro lysimeter does not need to be modified and processed too much after being collected, and the specification and the requirement of the collected soil sample are collected according to the specification and the requirement of the micro lysimeter strictly, so that the problem that the soil sample is too large or too small or the figure does not accord with the requirement of the micro lysimeter on the soil sample after being collected by the traditional method is avoided, and the workload of subsequent processing and processing after the soil sample is collected is reduced to a great extent;
(4) the operability is strong, and compared with the traditional collection method, the efficiency is high.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical soil sample to be collected and an arc groove in embodiment 1 of the soil sample collection method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a soil sample collecting blade of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a soil sample collecting blade of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a soil sample collecting blade of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention, in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a soil sample collecting blade of embodiment 2 of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a soil sample collecting blade of embodiment 3 of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a soil sample collecting blade of embodiment 3 of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a soil sample collecting blade in the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention, in example 3;
fig. 9 is a top view of a soil sample collecting knife in embodiment 4 of the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
According to the requirements of the soil infiltration experiment, the invention develops a high-efficiency, practical and low-cost soil permeameter tool so as to meet the soil collection requirement of the soil evaporation and infiltration experiment. The operation mode mainly comprises a direct pressure type and a gravity hammering type. The sampling annular cutter enters the soil body in a vertical pressure stabilizing mode, the mode is simple to operate, the soil body is not easy to compact and deform, the original-state soil column is favorably obtained and maintained, and the defect that the resistance of the soil body is not favorably overcome is overcome. The gravity hammering type makes the annular cutter overcome the resistance of the soil body and enter the soil by means of external force hammering or self gravity impact, and the sampler can effectively overcome the resistance of the soil body and makes sampling of harder soil possible. The device adopts a method combining direct compression and gravity hammering, the sampling annular knife is quickly pushed into soil for soft soil, and soil sampling can be quickly completed; for the soil with impurities and hardness, the sampling annular knife gradually enters the soil under the action of gravity hammering.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the soil sample collecting method of the micro lysimeter of the present embodiment includes:
drawing an acquisition circle and a hole digging circle which respectively take a first diameter and a second diameter as diameters in a soil sample acquisition area by taking the same original point as the center of a circle, wherein the first diameter is the diameter of a cylindrical soil sample to be acquired, and the second diameter is 8-12cm larger than the first diameter;
inserting a soil sample collecting cutter into the soil layer on the collecting circle to separate the cylindrical soil sample to be collected from the soil around the cylindrical soil sample, namely inserting a circle of separating seam between the cylindrical soil sample A to be collected and the soil around the cylindrical soil sample A;
digging half of soil at an annular structure between the collection circle and the hole digging circle, namely forming a 180-degree arc groove B between the collection circle and the hole digging circle, wherein the depth of the arc groove is m, the height of the cylindrical soil sample to be collected is n, and m is 15-30cm larger than n;
digging soil below the cylindrical soil sample to be collected by using a shovel at the arc groove, wherein a notch is formed below the cylindrical soil sample to be collected, the area of the plane of the notch (the plane where the cylindrical soil sample to be collected is located is taken as the plane) is not more than 3/4 of the area of the collection circle, the soil digging range is the upper surface boundary taking the downward n of the upper surface of the cylindrical soil sample to be collected as the soil digging range, and the circumference corresponding to the hole digging circle is the circumferential boundary;
jacking the cylindrical soil sample to be collected by using a jack, separating the cylindrical soil sample to be collected from a soil layer below the cylindrical soil sample to be collected, barreling the cylindrical soil sample, and bringing the cylindrical soil sample back to the experimental ground for a soil evaporation and infiltration experiment;
the soil sample collecting knife comprises at least an arc-shaped blade 2 and an arc-shaped knife box 1 matched with the arc-shaped blade in shape, wherein the arc-shaped knife box is sleeved on the arc-shaped blade, a plurality of first bolt holes are formed in the side edge of the arc-shaped blade in the length direction, at least one second bolt hole 5 corresponding to the first bolt hole is formed in the arc-shaped knife box, different first bolt holes and different second bolt holes are enabled to be corresponding to each other by sliding the arc-shaped blade in the length direction of the arc-shaped knife box, the arc-shaped blade and the arc-shaped knife box are fixed together by penetrating the first bolt hole and the second bolt through the bolt, and the length of the soil shoveling end of the arc-shaped blade extending out of the arc-shaped knife box is.
In this embodiment, the central angle α of the arc-shaped blade shown in fig. 1 is 90 °, that is, the arc length of the arc-shaped blade is designed according to the circumference of the soil sample to be collected, that is, the arc is 1/4 of the soil sample to be collected.
The working principle of the soil sample collection method of the miniature lysimeter in the embodiment is as follows: the soil sample that needs to gather is cylindric earth pillar, and the blade of this annular sword is circular-arc structure, and circular arc length is 1/4 for gathering the soil sample girth, inserts the sampling soil region through this annular sword, inserts four swoves in proper order and can separate a cylindric earth pillar and peripheral soil. According to actual requirements, the depth of the arc-shaped blade inserted into the ground is adjusted by the amount of the arc-shaped blade extending out of the arc-shaped knife box.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, in the soil sample collection method of the micro lysimeter of this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, the soil shoveling side of the arc-shaped blade is of an arc-shaped structure, and the central angle of the arc-shaped structure is 30 °. In this embodiment, the spading side of the arc structure makes it easier for the knife to be inserted into the ground.
Example 3
In the soil sample collection method of the micro lysimeter of the embodiment shown in fig. 5 to 7, on the basis of embodiment 1, the circular knife box is further connected with a handle rod 3. And a force application stepping block 4 is arranged on the arc-shaped cutter box corresponding to the soil shoveling force application direction of the arc-shaped blade. Referring to fig. 7, the direction of the arrow is the longitudinal direction of the circular arc-shaped knife box (the direction is also the longitudinal direction of the invention).
Example 4
As shown in fig. 8, in the soil sample collection method of the micro lysimeter of this embodiment, based on embodiment 3, the soil shoveling side of the arc-shaped blade is of an arc-shaped structure, and the central angle of the arc-shaped structure is 60 °.
In the above embodiments, for convenience of use, a scale for measuring the depth of the upper layer is provided in the longitudinal direction of the circular arc blade.
The longest design length of the arc-shaped blade can collect a 1-meter deep soil sample; the arc-shaped blade adjusts the length of the arc-shaped knife box according to different soil sample collection depths, the annular knife is provided with a scale, so that collection targets of soil samples with different soil layer depths can be conveniently controlled, convenience and controllability are realized, and the soil sample collection target is improved; the arc-shaped knife box is provided with a force application stepping block, so that the collection knife can be conveniently forced by feet to downwards cut a soil sample; a handle capable of lifting the whole collecting knife is also arranged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
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| CN201810301852.2A CN108398287B (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | Micro lysimeter soil sample collection method |
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| CN201810301852.2A CN108398287B (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | Micro lysimeter soil sample collection method |
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| CN110320066A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Original-state soil collecting cassette and the method for original-state soil acquisition |
| CN111751148A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-09 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Evaporate and ooze appearance original state soil sampling system |
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