CN108953473A - A kind of vibration isolator of achievable horizontal decoupling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibration isolator. The positive stiffness element, magnetic damping element and magnetic negative stiffness element of the vibration isolator are arranged in parallel between the base plate and the middle plate; the positive stiffness element is located at the center of the base plate, and the magnetic damping element and the magnetic negative stiffness element are uniform along the circumferential direction It is arranged on the edge of the substrate; the center of the positive stiffness element passes through a pendulum mechanism in series with the positive stiffness element; the pendulum mechanism utilizes the low horizontal stiffness of the flexible pendulum to isolate the vibration in the horizontal direction; each of the magnetic damping elements and each The magnetic negative stiffness element is divided into two coaxial parts, the two parts are fixedly connected with the base plate and the middle plate respectively, and the electromagnetic force acts between the two parts without mechanical contact and wear. The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention can realize high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness in the vertical direction, and the vibration in the horizontal direction is decoupled from the vibration in the vertical direction.

Description

A vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering vibration isolation and vibration reduction, in particular to a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling.

Background technique

With the development of science and technology, the precision requirements of manufacturing and measurement are getting higher and higher, and people's requirements for environmental vibration and noise are also getting higher and higher. However, the sources of vibration are more and more complex, and the objective requirements are More advanced vibration control technology. However, due to the limitation of the bearing capacity on the support stiffness of the existing vibration isolators, it is difficult to reduce the natural frequency and meet the requirements of ultra-low frequency vibration isolation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibration isolator that can achieve horizontal decoupling, which can achieve high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness in the vertical direction, and at the same time realize vibration decoupling and vibration isolation in the horizontal direction, and complete ultra-low frequency vibration isolation.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

A vibration isolator capable of achieving horizontal decoupling, comprising a base plate, a middle plate, a load plate, a pendulum mechanism, a positive stiffness element, a plurality of magnetic damping elements and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements;

The base plate, the middle plate and the load plate are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other; the positive stiffness elements, the plurality of magnetic damping elements and the plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements are arranged in parallel between the base plate and the Between the middle plates; the positive stiffness element is located at the center of the base plate, and a plurality of the magnetic damping elements and a plurality of negative magnetic stiffness elements are uniformly arranged on the edge of the base plate along the circumferential direction;

The positive stiffness element is a hollow elastic element; the center of the positive stiffness element passes through a pendulum mechanism and is connected in series with the positive stiffness element; the pendulum mechanism includes a swing rod and a support column; The swing rod is evenly arranged on the periphery of the support column along the circumferential direction; the top of the support column passes through the middle plate and is fixed on the load plate; the top of the swing rod is fixed on the middle plate;

The center of each magnetic damping element and each magnetic negative stiffness element passes through a guide shaft in the vertical direction, the top of the guide shaft passes through the middle plate through a bearing, and the bottom is fixed by a shaft support on said substrate;

Each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements includes an inner ring magnet group, an outer ring magnet group and a casing; the inner ring magnet group is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the outer ring magnet group is sleeved on the inner ring magnet group The periphery is coaxial with the inner ring magnet group; the outer ring magnet group is fixed to the middle plate through the shell;

Each of the magnetic damping elements includes a magnetic ring set and a conductor tube; the magnetic ring set is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the conductor tube is sleeved on the periphery of the magnetic ring set and connected to the magnetic ring set The ring group is coaxial; the conductor pipe is fixed on the middle plate.

Optionally, the magnetic negative stiffness element also includes two first fixing rings; the two first fixing rings are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the inner ring magnet group, and are used to clamp the inner ring magnet group tightened and fixed on the guide shaft; the axial height of the outer ring magnet group is the same as that of the inner ring magnet group.

Optionally, an end cover is provided under the housing of the magnetic negative stiffness element, and the end cover is fixed on the housing by bolts; the end cover is used to fix the outer ring magnet group on the inside the shell.

Optionally, the magnetic damping element further includes two second fixing rings; the two second fixing rings are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the magnetic ring group, and are used to clamp the magnetic ring group and fixed on the guide shaft.

Optionally, a support plate is fixed at the bottom of the support column, and the bottom of each swing rod is fixed on the support plate.

Optionally, the vibration isolator capable of achieving horizontal decoupling further includes a guide cylinder, the guide cylinder is sleeved outside the positive stiffness element, and the guide cylinder is fixed on the base plate and/or the middle plate superior.

Optionally, the positive stiffness element is a coil spring, rubber or air spring.

According to the specific embodiments provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:

In the equilibrium position, the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group of the magnetic negative stiffness element are at the same height, because the magnetic field is symmetrical, the force generated is 0; when vibrating, the middle plate and the base plate produce relative displacement, and the force generated by the positive stiffness element makes the two The one returns to the equilibrium position, and the force generated by the magnetic negative stiffness element makes the two away from the equilibrium position, thereby offsetting the force of the positive stiffness element and reducing the overall stiffness, achieving high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness. In the magnetic damping element, due to the relative movement between the magnetic ring group and the conductor tube, eddy currents are generated in the conductor tube according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. For relative motion, the size is proportional to the relative motion speed. The pendulum is slender and has low stiffness in the horizontal direction for vibration isolation in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the deformation of the pendulum prevents the positive stiffness mechanism from bearing excessive horizontal loads.

The invention connects a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements and positive stiffness elements in parallel, so as to realize high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness in the vertical direction, reduce the natural frequency of the system under the premise of ensuring the bearing capacity, widen the vibration isolation frequency band, and realize ultra-low frequency vibration isolation. At the same time, magnetic damping elements are introduced to increase the damping rate of the system and further improve the vibration isolation effect. The pendulum mechanism and the quasi-zero stiffness mechanism are arranged in series, and the low horizontal stiffness of the pendulum is used to realize the decoupling of vibration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and complete the vibration isolation in the horizontal direction.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying creative labor.

Fig. 1 is the overall structural diagram of the vibration isolator embodiment that can realize horizontal decoupling of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a front sectional view of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a magnetic negative stiffness element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling in the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a magnetic damping element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of achieving horizontal decoupling in the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a pendulum mechanism of an embodiment of a vibration isolator that can realize horizontal decoupling in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling, which can realize high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is an overall structural diagram of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front sectional view of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the vibration isolator that can achieve horizontal decoupling includes a base plate 1, a middle plate 2, a load plate 3, a pendulum mechanism 8, a guide cylinder 10, a positive stiffness element 9, and a plurality of magnetic damping elements 11 and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 .

The base plate 1, the middle plate 2 and the load plate 3 are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other; the positive stiffness elements 9, the plurality of magnetic damping elements 11 and the plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 are arranged in parallel on Between the base plate 1 and the middle plate 2; the positive stiffness element 9 is located at the center of the base plate 1, and a plurality of the magnetic damping elements 11 and a plurality of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 are all along the circumferential direction uniformly arranged on the edge of the substrate 1; as an optional embodiment, a plurality of the magnetic damping elements 11 and a plurality of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 are arranged at intervals.

The positive stiffness element 9 is a hollow elastic element; the center of the positive stiffness element 9 is connected in series with the positive stiffness element 9 through a pendulum mechanism 8; the pendulum mechanism 8 isolates vibration in the horizontal direction through a flexible swing rod 802 .

The center of each magnetic damping element 11 and each magnetic negative stiffness element 7 passes through a guide shaft 4 along the vertical direction, and the top of the guide shaft 4 passes through the middle plate 2 through a bearing 5, The bottom is fixed on the base plate 1 through the shaft support 6 .

The guide cylinder 10 is sleeved on the outside of the positive stiffness element 9 , and the guide cylinder 10 is fixed on the base plate 1 and/or the middle plate 2 .

The positive stiffness element 9 is a coil spring, rubber or air spring.

The base plate 1 is used to install the vibration isolator on the base, and the load plate 3 is used to carry the load of the vibration isolator. The positive stiffness element 9 , the magnetic negative stiffness element 7 and the magnetic damping element 8 are arranged in parallel to isolate the vertical vibration of the middle plate 2 and the base plate 1 . The pendulum mechanism 8 isolates the vibration of the middle plate 2 and the load plate 3 in the horizontal direction, and the pendulum mechanism 8 is connected in series with the positive stiffness element 9 to realize the decoupling of the vibration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The guide shaft 4 is used to guide the vertical movement of the magnetic negative stiffness element 7 and the magnetic damping element 11, so as to ensure that the middle plate 2 can only move in the vertical direction. The guide cylinder 10 is divided into two halves, which are respectively fixed on the base plate 1 and the middle plate 2 . The guide cylinder 10 is used to limit the deflection of the positive stiffness element 9 in the horizontal direction. The positive stiffness element 9 is used to support the mid-plate and the load, and isolate the base plate from the mid-plate.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a magnetic negative stiffness element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 3, each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 includes an inner ring magnet group 703, an outer ring magnet group 702, a first fixed ring 704 and a housing 705; the inner ring magnet group 703 is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft 4 Above; the outer ring magnet group 702 is sleeved on the periphery of the inner ring magnet group 703 and coaxial with the inner ring magnet group 703; the outer ring magnet group 702 is embedded in the shell 705 and fixed to the middle plate;

The first fixing ring 704 is located at the upper and lower ends of the inner ring magnet group 703, and is used to clamp and fix the inner ring magnet group 703 on the guide shaft 4; the outer ring magnet group 702 and The axial height of the inner ring magnet group 703 is the same, and the outer ring magnet group 702 and the inner ring magnet group 703 are located at the same height in the equilibrium position.

The inner ring magnet group 703 includes a plurality of inner magnetic rings; the outer ring magnet group 702 includes a plurality of outer magnetic rings; the number of the outer magnetic rings is the same as that of the inner magnetic rings; each inner magnetic ring And each of the outer magnetic rings is axially magnetized, and each of the inner magnetic rings is magnetized in the same direction as the outer magnetic ring of the corresponding height.

An end cover 701 is arranged below the housing 705, and the end cover 701 is fixed on the housing 705 by bolts; the end cover 701 is used to fix the outer ring magnet group 702 in the housing 705 .

When configuring the inner magnetic ring and the outer magnetic ring, it is necessary to ensure that the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet group 703 and the outer ring magnet group 702 can form a negative stiffness in the axial direction. In the equilibrium position, the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group of the magnetic negative stiffness element are at the same height, because the magnetic field is symmetrical, the force generated is 0; when vibrating, the middle plate and the base plate produce relative displacement, and the force generated by the positive stiffness element makes the two The one returns to the equilibrium position, and the force generated by the magnetic negative stiffness element makes the two away from the equilibrium position to reduce the overall stiffness and achieve high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness. According to the positive stiffness element 9 of the vibration isolator, selecting an appropriate number of magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 and connecting them in parallel with the positive stiffness element 9 can reduce the overall stiffness of the vibration isolator to quasi-zero stiffness, so that the load-carrying capacity of the vibration isolator can be reduced. Reducing the natural frequency of the vibration isolator under the premise can broaden the vibration isolation frequency band and improve the vibration isolation performance of the vibration isolator in the vertical direction.

Figure 3 of the present invention discloses a configuration of the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group: the outer ring magnet group 702 includes three outer magnetic rings, and the inner ring magnet group 703 includes three inner magnetic rings. The magnetization directions of two adjacent inner magnetic rings or two adjacent outer magnetic rings are opposite.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of a magnetic damping element in an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 4, each of the magnetic damping elements 11 includes a magnetic ring set 1102, a second fixed ring 1103 and a conductor tube 1101; the magnetic ring set 1102 is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft 4; the conductor The tube 1101 is sleeved on the periphery of the magnetic ring group 1102 and is coaxial with the magnetic ring group 1102; the second fixing ring 1103 is located at the upper and lower ends of the magnetic ring group 1102, and is used to hold the magnetic ring group 1102 is clamped and fixed on the guide shaft 4; the conductor tube 1101 is fixed on the middle plate 2.

The magnetic ring set 1102 includes a plurality of permanent magnetic rings of the same size, and the plurality of permanent magnetic rings are arranged in sequence along the axial direction.

The conductor tube 1101 is made of aluminum, copper and other conductive materials that will not be magnetically ringed. The magnetization direction of each permanent magnet ring can be axial or radial. When the base plate 1 and the middle plate 2 move relatively, the magnetic ring group 1102 and the conductor tube 1101 will also move relative to each other. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an eddy current will be generated in the conductor tube 1101. The direction of the magnetic force of the magnetic ring group hinders relative movement, and the magnitude is proportional to the relative movement speed. , a reasonable configuration of the number of magnetic damping elements can increase the damping rate of the vibration isolator, reduce resonance, and improve the vibration isolation effect.

Figure 4 shows a configuration of the magnetic ring group: the magnetic ring group 1102 includes three permanent magnet rings, the magnetization direction of the top permanent magnet ring is radially outward, and the magnetization direction of the bottom permanent magnet ring is The direction is radially inward, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet ring in the middle is axially upward.

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a pendulum mechanism of an embodiment of a vibration isolator that can realize horizontal decoupling in the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 5, the pendulum mechanism 8 includes a pendulum 802, a support column 803 and a support plate 801; Periphery; the top of the support column 803 passes through the middle plate 2 and is fixed on the load plate 3 ; the top of each swing rod 802 is fixed on the middle plate 2 . The support plate 801 is fixed on the bottom of the support column 803 , and the bottom of each swing rod 802 is fixed on the support plate 801 . The bottom of the support plate 801 is suspended.

The fixing method of the support column 803 and the load plate 3 is screw connection, and the fixing method of the support column 803 and the support plate 801 is a tight fit method.

The vertical stiffness of the swing bar 802 is much smaller than that of the support column 803 , but much higher than the combined stiffness of the positive stiffness element 9 and multiple magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 connected in parallel between the middle plate 2 and the base plate 1 . The cross-section of the swing rod 802 should be as small as possible under the premise of ensuring the load in the vertical direction, so as to ensure a lower horizontal stiffness. In order to facilitate the fixing of the swing rod 802 to the bottom plate 801 and the middle plate 2, both ends of the swing rod 802 may be thickened. The pendulum mechanism is connected in series with the positive stiffness components. The low stiffness of the pendulum in the horizontal direction can achieve the effect of vibration isolation in the horizontal direction. At the same time, the horizontal deformation of the pendulum is used to prevent excessive horizontal load from being transmitted to the positive stiffness mechanism, thereby realizing The decoupling of horizontal vibration and vertical vibration is achieved.

In this paper, specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; meanwhile, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention Thoughts, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application ranges. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling, characterized in that it comprises a base plate, a middle plate, a load plate, a pendulum mechanism, a positive stiffness element, a plurality of magnetic damping elements and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements; The base plate, the middle plate and the load plate are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other; the positive stiffness elements, the plurality of magnetic damping elements and the plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements are arranged in parallel between the base plate and the Between the middle plates; the positive stiffness element is located at the center of the base plate, and a plurality of the magnetic damping elements and a plurality of negative magnetic stiffness elements are uniformly arranged on the edge of the base plate along the circumferential direction; The positive stiffness element is a hollow elastic element; the center of the positive stiffness element passes through a pendulum mechanism and is connected in series with the positive stiffness element; the pendulum mechanism includes a swing rod and a support column; The swing rod is evenly arranged on the periphery of the support column along the circumferential direction; the top of the support column passes through the middle plate and is fixed on the load plate; the top of the swing rod is fixed on the middle plate; The center of each magnetic damping element and each magnetic negative stiffness element passes through a guide shaft in the vertical direction, the top of the guide shaft passes through the middle plate through a bearing, and the bottom is fixed by a shaft support on said substrate; Each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements includes an inner ring magnet group, an outer ring magnet group and a casing; the inner ring magnet group is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the outer ring magnet group is sleeved on the inner ring magnet group The periphery is coaxial with the inner ring magnet group; the outer ring magnet group is fixed to the middle plate through the shell; Each of the magnetic damping elements includes a magnetic ring set and a conductor tube; the magnetic ring set is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the conductor tube is sleeved on the periphery of the magnetic ring set and connected to the magnetic ring set The ring group is coaxial; the conductor pipe is fixed on the middle plate. 2. A vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling according to claim 1, wherein the negative magnetic stiffness element further comprises two first fixing rings; the two first fixing rings are respectively located at The upper and lower ends of the inner ring magnet group are used to clamp and fix the inner ring magnet group on the guide shaft; the axial height of the outer ring magnet group is the same as that of the inner ring magnet group. 3. A vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic damping element further comprises two second fixing rings; the two second fixing rings are respectively located at The upper and lower ends of the magnetic ring set are used to clamp and fix the magnetic ring set on the guide shaft. 4. A vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling according to claim 1, characterized in that a support plate is fixed at the bottom of said support column, and the bottom of each said swing rod is fixed on said on the support plate. 5. The vibration isolator capable of achieving horizontal decoupling according to claim 1, further comprising a guide cylinder, the guide cylinder is sleeved outside the positive stiffness element, and the guide cylinder is fixed on the base plate and/or the middle plate. 6 . The vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling according to claim 1 , wherein the positive stiffness element is a coil spring, rubber or air spring. 7. A kind of vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, an end cover is arranged under the shell of the magnetic negative stiffness element, and the end cover is fixed on the on the housing; the end cover is used to fix the outer ring magnet group in the housing.