CN108953473B - A kind of vibration isolator of achievable horizontal decoupling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibration isolator. The positive stiffness element, the magnetic damping element and the magnetic negative stiffness element of the vibration isolator are all arranged in parallel between the base plate and the middle plate; the positive stiffness element is located in the center of the base plate, and the magnetic damping element and the magnetic negative stiffness element are uniform along the circumferential direction arranged on the edge of the substrate; the center of the positive stiffness element is connected in series with the positive stiffness element through a pendulum mechanism; the pendulum mechanism utilizes the low horizontal stiffness of the flexible pendulum rod to isolate vibration in the horizontal direction; each of the magnetic damping elements and each The magnetic negative stiffness element is divided into two coaxial parts, the two parts are respectively fixedly connected with the base plate and the middle plate, and the two parts act by electromagnetic force without mechanical contact and wear. The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention can realize high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness in the vertical direction, and the vibration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are decoupled.

Description

A vibration isolator capable of horizontal decoupling

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering vibration isolation and vibration reduction, in particular to a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling.

Background technique

With the increasing development of science and technology, the precision requirements of manufacturing and measurement are getting higher and higher, and people's requirements for environmental vibration and noise are also getting higher and higher. However, the sources of vibration are more and more complex, and the objective requirements are More advanced vibration control technology. However, the existing vibration isolators are difficult to reduce the natural frequency due to the limitation of the bearing capacity on the support stiffness, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of ultra-low frequency vibration isolation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibration isolator that can realize horizontal decoupling, realize high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness in the vertical direction, and simultaneously realize decoupling and vibration isolation of vibration in the horizontal direction, so as to complete ultra-low frequency vibration isolation.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

A vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling, comprising a base plate, a middle plate, a load plate, a pendulum mechanism, a positive stiffness element, a plurality of magnetic damping elements and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements;

The base plate, the middle plate and the load plate are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other; the positive stiffness element, a plurality of the magnetic damping elements and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements are all arranged in parallel between the base plate and the between the middle plates; the positive stiffness element is located in the center of the base plate, and a plurality of the magnetic damping elements and a plurality of the magnetic negative stiffness elements are uniformly arranged on the edge of the base plate along the circumferential direction;

The positive stiffness element is a hollow elastic element; the center of the positive stiffness element is connected in series with the positive stiffness element through a pendulum mechanism; the pendulum mechanism includes a pendulum rod and a support column; The swing rod is evenly arranged on the periphery of the support column in the circumferential direction; the top of the support column is fixed on the load plate through the middle plate; the top of the swing rod is fixed on the middle plate;

The center of each of the magnetic damping elements and each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements passes through a guide shaft in the vertical direction, the top of the guide shaft passes through the middle plate through a bearing, and the bottom of the guide shaft is fixed by a shaft support on the substrate;

Each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements includes an inner ring magnet group, an outer ring magnet group and a casing; the inner ring magnet group is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the outer ring magnet group is sleeved on the inner ring magnet group The outer periphery is coaxial with the inner ring magnet group; the outer ring magnet group is fixed to the middle plate through the shell;

Each of the magnetic damping elements includes a magnetic ring group and a conductor tube; the magnetic ring group is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the conductor tube is sleeved on the periphery of the magnetic ring group and is connected with the magnetic ring group. The ring group is coaxial; the conductor tube is fixed on the middle plate.

Optionally, the magnetic negative stiffness element further includes two first fixing rings; the two first fixing rings are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the inner ring magnet group, and are used to clamp the inner ring magnet group The outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group have the same axial height.

Optionally, an end cover is provided under the shell of the magnetic negative stiffness element, and the end cover is fixed on the shell by bolts; the end cover is used for fixing the outer ring magnet group on the inside the shell.

Optionally, the magnetic damping element further includes two second fixing rings; the two second fixing rings are located at the upper and lower ends of the magnetic ring group, respectively, and are used for clamping the magnetic ring group and fixed on the guide shaft.

Optionally, a support plate is fixed on the bottom of the support column, and the bottom of each swing rod is fixed on the support plate.

Optionally, the vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling further includes a guide cylinder, the guide cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the positive stiffness element, and the guide cylinder is fixed on the base plate and/or the middle plate superior.

Optionally, the positive stiffness element is a coil spring, rubber or air spring.

According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

In the equilibrium position, the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group of the magnetic negative stiffness element are at the same height, because the magnetic field is symmetrical, the generated force is 0; during vibration, the middle plate and the base plate are displaced relative to each other, and the force generated by the positive stiffness element makes the two The two return to the equilibrium position, and the force generated by the magnetic negative stiffness element makes the two move away from the equilibrium position, thereby offsetting the force of the positive stiffness element and reducing the overall stiffness, achieving high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness. In the magnetic damping element, due to the relative movement of the magnetic ring group and the conductor tube, an eddy current is generated in the conductor tube according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The size of the eddy current is proportional to the relative movement speed of the base plate and the middle plate. Relative motion, the magnitude is proportional to the magnitude of the relative motion speed. The pendulum rod is slender and has low horizontal stiffness for horizontal vibration isolation. At the same time, the deformation of the pendulum rod also prevents the positive stiffness mechanism from bearing excessive horizontal load.

The invention connects a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements and positive stiffness elements in parallel, thereby realizing high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness in the vertical direction, reducing the natural frequency of the system on the premise of ensuring the bearing capacity, widening the vibration isolation frequency band, and realizing ultra-low frequency vibration isolation. At the same time, magnetic damping elements are introduced to increase the damping rate of the system and further improve the vibration isolation effect. The pendulum mechanism and the quasi-zero stiffness mechanism are arranged in series, and the low horizontal stiffness of the pendulum rod is used to realize the decoupling of the vibration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and complete the vibration isolation in the horizontal direction.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.

1 is an overall structural diagram of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention;

2 is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention;

3 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a magnetic negative stiffness element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention;

4 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a magnetic damping element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a pendulum mechanism of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibration isolator that can realize horizontal decoupling, and can realize high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling includes a base plate 1 , a middle plate 2 , a load plate 3 , a pendulum mechanism 8 , a guide cylinder 10 , a positive stiffness element 9 , and a plurality of magnetic damping elements 11 and a plurality of magnetically negative stiffness elements 7 .

The base plate 1 , the middle plate 2 and the load plate 3 are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other; the positive stiffness element 9 , a plurality of the magnetic damping elements 11 and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 are all arranged in parallel on the Between the base plate 1 and the middle plate 2; the positive stiffness element 9 is located in the center of the base plate 1, and the plurality of the magnetic damping elements 11 and the plurality of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 are in the circumferential direction They are evenly arranged on the edge of the substrate 1; as an optional implementation, a plurality of the magnetic damping elements 11 and a plurality of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 are arranged at intervals.

The positive stiffness element 9 is a hollow elastic element; the center of the positive stiffness element 9 is connected in series with the positive stiffness element 9 through a pendulum mechanism 8 ; the pendulum mechanism 8 isolates horizontal vibration through a flexible pendulum rod 802 .

The center of each of the magnetic damping elements 11 and each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 passes through a guide shaft 4 in the vertical direction, and the top of the guide shaft 4 passes through the middle plate 2 through the bearing 5 , The bottom is fixed on the base plate 1 through the shaft support 6 .

The guide cylinder 10 is sleeved on the outside of the positive stiffness element 9 , and the guide cylinder 10 is fixed on the base plate 1 and/or the middle plate 2 .

The positive stiffness element 9 is a coil spring, rubber or air spring.

The base plate 1 is used to mount the vibration isolator on the base, and the load plate 3 is used to carry the load of the vibration isolator. The positive stiffness element 9 , the magnetic negative stiffness element 7 and the magnetic damping element 8 are arranged in parallel for isolating the vertical vibration of the middle plate 2 and the base plate 1 . The pendulum mechanism 8 isolates the vibration of the middle plate 2 and the load plate 3 in the horizontal direction, and the pendulum mechanism 8 is connected in series with the positive stiffness element 9 to realize the decoupling of the vibration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The guide shaft 4 is used to guide the vertical movement of the magnetic negative stiffness element 7 and the magnetic damping element 11, so as to ensure that the middle plate 2 can only move in the vertical direction. The guide cylinder 10 is divided into two halves, which are respectively fixed on the base plate 1 and the middle plate 2 . The guide cylinder 10 is used to limit the deflection of the positive stiffness element 9 in the horizontal direction. Positive stiffness elements 9 are used to support the mid-plate and the load and isolate the base plate from the mid-plate.

3 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a magnetic negative stiffness element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3 , each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 includes an inner ring magnet group 703 , an outer ring magnet group 702 , a first fixing ring 704 and a housing 705 ; the inner ring magnet group 703 is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft 4 the outer ring magnet group 702 is sleeved on the outer ring of the inner ring magnet group 703 and coaxial with the inner ring magnet group 703; the outer ring magnet group 702 is embedded in the casing 705 and fixed to the middle plate;

The first fixing ring 704 is located at the upper and lower ends of the inner ring magnet group 703, and is used for clamping and fixing the inner ring magnet group 703 on the guide shaft 4; the outer ring magnet group 702 and the The axial height of the inner ring magnet group 703 is the same, and the outer ring magnet group 702 and the inner ring magnet group 703 are located at the same height in the equilibrium position.

The inner ring magnet group 703 includes a plurality of inner magnetic rings; the outer ring magnet group 702 includes a plurality of outer magnetic rings; the number of the outer magnetic rings and the inner magnetic rings is the same; each of the inner magnetic rings And each of the outer magnetic rings is axially magnetized, and each of the inner magnetic rings and the outer magnetic rings of corresponding heights are magnetized in the same direction.

An end cover 701 is provided below the casing 705 , and the end cover 701 is fixed on the casing 705 by bolts; the end cover 701 is used to fix the outer ring magnet group 702 in the casing 705 .

When configuring the inner magnetic ring and the outer magnetic ring, it is necessary to ensure that the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet group 703 and the outer ring magnet group 702 can form a negative stiffness in the axial direction. In the equilibrium position, the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group of the magnetic negative stiffness element are at the same height, because the magnetic field is symmetrical, the generated force is 0; during vibration, the middle plate and the base plate are displaced relative to each other, and the force generated by the positive stiffness element makes the two The two return to the equilibrium position, and the force generated by the magnetic negative stiffness element makes the two move away from the equilibrium position, thereby reducing the overall stiffness and achieving high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness. According to the positive stiffness element 9 of the vibration isolator, selecting an appropriate number of magnetic negative stiffness elements 7 in parallel with the positive stiffness element 9 can reduce the overall stiffness of the vibration isolator to achieve quasi-zero stiffness, so that it can be used without affecting the bearing capacity of the vibration isolator. Reducing the natural frequency of the vibration isolator under the premise can broaden the vibration isolation frequency band and improve the vibration isolation performance of the vibration isolator in the vertical direction.

FIG. 3 of the present invention discloses a configuration of the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group: the outer ring magnet group 702 includes three outer magnetic rings, and the inner ring magnet group 703 includes three inner magnetic rings. The magnetization directions of two adjacent inner magnetic rings or adjacent two outer magnetic rings are opposite.

4 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a magnetic damping element of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention.

4, each of the magnetic damping elements 11 includes a magnetic ring group 1102, a second fixing ring 1103 and a conductor tube 1101; the magnetic ring group 1102 is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft 4; the conductor The tube 1101 is sleeved on the periphery of the magnetic ring group 1102 and is coaxial with the magnetic ring group 1102; the second fixing ring 1103 is located at the upper and lower ends of the magnetic ring group 1102, and is used for the magnetic ring group 1102. 1102 is clamped and fixed on the guide shaft 4 ; the conductor tube 1101 is fixed on the middle plate 2 .

The magnetic ring group 1102 includes a plurality of permanent magnet rings of the same size, and the plurality of permanent magnet rings are arranged in sequence along the axial direction.

The conductor tube 1101 is made of aluminum, copper and other conductor materials that will not be magnetically looped. The magnetization direction of each of the permanent magnet rings may be axial or radial. When the base plate 1 and the middle plate 2 move relative to each other, the magnetic ring group 1102 and the conductor tube 1101 will also move relative to each other. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an eddy current will be generated in the conductor tube 1101. The magnitude of the eddy current is proportional to the relative movement speed. The direction of the magnetic force of the magnetic ring group hinders the relative movement, and the magnitude is proportional to the relative movement speed. , Reasonable configuration of the number of magnetic damping elements can increase the damping rate of the isolator, reduce resonance, and improve the vibration isolation effect.

Figure 4 shows a configuration of the magnetic ring group: the magnetic ring group 1102 includes three permanent magnet rings, the magnetization direction of the uppermost permanent magnet ring is radially outward, and the magnetization direction of the lowermost permanent magnet ring The direction is radially inward, and the magnetization direction of the middle permanent magnet ring is axially upward.

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a pendulum mechanism of an embodiment of a vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5 , the pendulum mechanism 8 includes a pendulum rod 802 , a support column 803 and a support plate 801 ; and the pendulum rods 802 are plural, and the plurality of pendulum rods 802 are evenly arranged on the support column 803 in the circumferential direction. The top of the support column 803 is fixed on the load plate 3 through the middle plate 2 ; the top of each swing rod 802 is fixed on the middle plate 2 . The support plate 801 is fixed on the bottom of the support column 803 , and the bottom of each swing rod 802 is fixed on the support plate 801 . The bottom of the support plate 801 is suspended.

The support column 803 and the load plate 3 are fixed in a screw connection, and the support column 803 and the support plate 801 are fixed in a tight fit.

The vertical rigidity of the pendulum rod 802 is much smaller than that of the support column 803 , but is much greater than the overall rigidity of the positive rigidity element 9 and the multiple magnetic negative rigidity elements 7 connected in parallel between the middle plate 2 and the base plate 1 . The cross section of the swing rod 802 should be as small as possible under the premise of ensuring the vertical bearing, so as to ensure lower horizontal rigidity. In order to facilitate the fixing of the swing rod 802 to the bottom plate 801 and the middle plate 2 , both ends of the swing rod 802 may be thickened. The pendulum mechanism is connected in series with the positive stiffness element. The low stiffness of the pendulum rod in the horizontal direction can achieve the effect of vibration isolation in the horizontal direction. The decoupling of horizontal and vertical vibrations is achieved.

In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the methods and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the present invention There will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling, comprising a base plate, a middle plate, a load plate, a pendulum mechanism and a positive stiffness element, wherein the base plate, the middle plate and the load plate are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other, and the The positive stiffness element is a hollow elastic element; It is characterized in that the vibration isolator further comprises a plurality of magnetic damping elements and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements; The positive stiffness element, a plurality of the magnetic damping elements and a plurality of magnetic negative stiffness elements are all arranged in parallel between the base plate and the middle plate; the positive stiffness element is located in the center of the base plate, and the plurality of The magnetic damping element and a plurality of the magnetic negative stiffness elements are uniformly arranged on the edge of the substrate along the circumferential direction; The center of the positive stiffness element is connected in series with the positive stiffness element through a pendulum mechanism; the pendulum mechanism includes a pendulum rod and a support column; the pendulum rods are multiple, and the plurality of the pendulum rods are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction. the outer periphery of the support column; the top of the support column is fixed on the load plate through the middle plate; the top of the swing rod is fixed on the middle plate; The center of each of the magnetic damping elements and each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements passes through a guide shaft in the vertical direction, the top of the guide shaft passes through the middle plate through a bearing, and the bottom of the guide shaft is fixed by a shaft support on the substrate; Each of the magnetic negative stiffness elements includes an inner ring magnet group, an outer ring magnet group and a casing; the inner ring magnet group is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the outer ring magnet group is sleeved on the inner ring magnet group The outer periphery is coaxial with the inner ring magnet group; the outer ring magnet group is fixed to the middle plate through the shell; Each of the magnetic damping elements includes a magnetic ring group and a conductor tube; the magnetic ring group is fixedly sleeved on the guide shaft; the conductor tube is sleeved on the periphery of the magnetic ring group and is connected with the magnetic ring group. The ring group is coaxial; the conductor tube is fixed on the middle plate. 2. The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic negative stiffness element further comprises two first fixing rings; The upper and lower ends of the inner ring magnet group are used to clamp and fix the inner ring magnet group on the guide shaft; the outer ring magnet group and the inner ring magnet group have the same axial height. 3 . The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic damping element further comprises two second fixing rings; the two second fixing rings are located at the The upper and lower ends of the magnetic ring group are used for clamping and fixing the magnetic ring group on the guide shaft. 4 . The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1 , wherein a support plate is fixed on the bottom of the support column, and the bottom of each swing rod is fixed on the bottom of the support column. 5 . on the support plate. 5 . The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1 , further comprising a guide cylinder, the guide cylinder is sleeved outside the positive stiffness element, and the guide cylinder is fixed. 6 . on the base plate and/or the midplane. 6 . The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1 , wherein the positive stiffness element is a coil spring, a rubber or an air spring. 7 . 7 . The vibration isolator capable of realizing horizontal decoupling according to claim 1 , wherein an end cover is provided under the shell of the magnetic negative stiffness element, and the end cover is fixed to the on the casing; the end cover is used to fix the outer ring magnet group in the casing.