Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problem that the running surface state of a track beam cannot be reliably ensured in low-temperature areas and rainy and snowy areas in the prior art, and provides an evaporative heat blanket which can efficiently and reliably remove snow so as to ensure that no ice layer exists on the running surface of the track beam and prevent a running wheel from slipping and idling due to the ice layer, thereby reliably ensuring the running safety of a monorail train.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides an evaporative heat blanket having a bottom layer, an intermediate layer, and a top layer sequentially distributed in a thickness direction, the intermediate layer including a heat generating portion, a heat conducting portion, and a guide hole portion penetrating the intermediate layer in the thickness direction, the heat generating portion being distributed around the guide hole portion, the heat conducting portion covering the heat generating portion.
Preferably, the guide hole part comprises a plurality of guide hole rows uniformly distributed along the length direction of the evaporation heat blanket, the guide hole rows comprise a plurality of guide holes uniformly distributed along the width direction of the evaporation heat blanket, the heat generating part comprises a first heating wire reciprocally extending along the length direction and a second heating wire reciprocally extending along the width direction, and an insulating layer is arranged between the first heating wire and the second heating wire.
Preferably, the first heating wire is distributed between the adjacent guide hole rows and has a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal, the second heating wire is distributed between the adjacent guide holes and has a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal, and the first negative terminal is connected with the second positive terminal.
Preferably, the top layer includes a top layer main body portion formed of a heat reflective material, and at least one guide hole penetrating the top layer main body portion and distributed in the top layer main body portion, the guide hole communicating with the guide hole portion.
Preferably, the top layer is closed-cell foam, and the top layer is provided with a plurality of guide holes which are overlapped with the guide holes.
Preferably, the bottom layer includes a bottom layer main body portion, a plurality of rail beam setting portions provided on the bottom layer main body portion, and a plurality of lead-out holes provided in the bottom layer main body portion, the lead-out holes communicating with the lead-out hole portions.
Preferably, the rail beam setting part is an elongated magnetic strip, and the elongated magnetic strip extends along the length direction.
Preferably, the bottom layer is a waterproof breathable film, and a plurality of leading-out holes are formed in the bottom layer and coincide with the leading-out hole parts.
Preferably, the bottom layer and the middle layer and the top layer are bonded through bonding layers.
Preferably, one end of the evaporation heat blanket in the length direction is provided with a recovery joint portion which can be releasably jointed on a winding roll in the evaporation heat blanket winding device.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the intermediate level can melt the ice and snow of the partial part of evaporation heat blanket and form steam, and make the steam that forms can pass through guide hole portion and move to the top layer easily to make steam can see through in the evaporation heat blanket arranges the outside air.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the present invention, the use of directional terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" generally means upper, lower, left, right with reference to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified. "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of the component itself. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
The present invention provides an evaporative heat blanket, as shown in fig. 1-3, having a bottom layer 10, an intermediate layer 20, and a top layer 30 sequentially distributed in the thickness direction. The middle layer 20 includes a heat generating portion 21, a heat conducting portion 22 and a guiding hole portion 23, wherein the guiding hole portion 23 penetrates through the middle layer 20 along a thickness direction, the heat generating portion 21 is distributed around the guiding hole portion 23, the heat conducting portion 22 covers the heat generating portion 21, the heat generating portion 21 can melt ice and snow covered by the evaporation heat blanket through the heat conducting portion 22 and the bottom layer 10 to form water vapor, and the formed water vapor can easily move to the top layer 30 through the guiding hole portion 23, so that the water vapor can easily permeate the evaporation heat blanket to be discharged to the outside air. For convenience of description, the surface covered with ice and snow by the evaporative heat blanket will be referred to as "surface to be treated" hereinafter.
In other words, the present invention provides the steam with the directional power of outward evaporation and discharge by providing the heat generating part 21 and the guiding hole part 23 in the middle layer 20 at the same time, and the directional power can effectively guide the steam from the vicinity of the bottom layer to the top layer for discharge, so that the humidity state of the surface to be treated can be reliably changed.
The evaporation heat blanket not only can melt the covered ice and snow, but also can enable the surface to be processed to form a relatively dry state, and avoids water vapor and the like attached to a walking surface from being frozen again after the evaporation heat blanket is removed, so that the maintenance of the track beam is rapidly and reliably carried out.
Among them, the bottom layer 10 is preferably formed of a material having folding resistance, water resistance, and tensile resistance to form a water-proof heat-conductive layer. The waterproof property of the waterproof heat conductive layer is mainly that in the direction from the bottom layer to the top layer, the water vapor generated by ice and snow on the surface to be treated can be discharged to the outside air through the passage of the hole guide portion 23 without penetrating the bottom layer 10 to enter the heat generating portion 21. The heat conductivity of the waterproof heat-conducting layer is mainly that the heat generated by the heating part can be quickly transferred to the surface to be treated from the top layer to the bottom layer, so that the ice and snow can be melted and evaporated.
The top layer 30 is a heat-insulating breathable layer formed of a material having heat-insulating and breathable properties. The heat retaining property of the heat-retaining air-permeable layer is mainly that, in the direction from the bottom layer to the top layer, the heat generated by the heat-generating portion 21 is prevented from entering the outside air through the top layer 30 to some extent, so as to improve the heat efficiency of the heat-generating portion. The breathability of the insulating breathable layer is primarily intended to mean that in the direction from the top layer to the bottom layer it is able to expel moisture vapor passing through the middle layer 20 out of the outside air as quickly as possible.
The heat generating portion 21 is a device for generating or manufacturing high temperature, and a device for achieving a heating effect by using electric energy, such as resistance wire heating, is commonly used. The heat conducting portion 22 covers the heat generating portion 21 to uniformly release heat generated by the heat generating portion 21 to the surface to be treated. The hole 23 is formed in the heat conducting portion 22 where the heat generating portion 21 is not provided.
The hole-guiding portion 23 is a plurality of guide holes penetrating in the thickness direction, and can be arranged on the intermediate layer in various ways as long as it does not affect the heat-generating portion 21. As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the via part 23 includes a plurality of via rows uniformly distributed in the length direction, and the via rows include a plurality of vias uniformly distributed in the width direction. That is, the plurality of guide holes are arranged in a matrix shape uniformly arranged in the longitudinal and lateral directions so that the directional power is relatively uniform, thereby improving the treatment efficiency of the surface to be treated.
The guide hole may have various shapes, for example, a rectangular hole, a triangular hole, or the like, and preferably a circular hole. The fact that the via portion 22 penetrates the intermediate layer 20 in the thickness direction means that the axis of the via (the extending direction of the via) is substantially perpendicular to the bottom layer or the top layer, and may be inclined at different angles, respectively, as long as one end of the via is brought into contact with the bottom layer 10 and the other end is brought into contact with the top layer.
In addition, all the guide holes in the guide hole part 23 can also be inclined at the same angle, thereby further facilitating the roll-up of the evaporative heat blanket.
In addition, when the heat generating portion 21 is a resistance wire for achieving a heating effect by using electric energy, that is, the heat generating portion 21 includes a first heating wire extending reciprocally in a length direction and a second heating wire extending reciprocally in a width direction, and an insulating layer is disposed between the first heating wire and the second heating wire.
Specifically, the first heating wire and the second heating wire are resistance wires which are formed by nichrome and the like, have high resistivity and good plasticity, and are easy to bend. In this case, the heat conducting portion 22 is made of a rubber material having high elasticity and excellent insulating properties, and the rubber material is used as an insulating layer. The insulating layer separates a first heating wire for transmitting transverse current and a second heating wire for transmitting longitudinal current. The heat conducting part 22 and the heat generating part 21 can be disposed in various manners, for example, the heat conducting part 22 can be three rubber sheets, and the first heat generating wire for transmitting the transverse current and the second heat generating wire for transmitting the longitudinal current are insulated by being separated by the rubber sheets, so as to avoid the electrical connection at the intersection of the first heat generating wire and the second heat generating wire which are criss-cross.
The first heating wire extends in a reciprocating manner between the guide hole rows along the length direction, and can extend in a reciprocating manner at intervals of two rows, three rows and other guide hole rows, so that the arrangement density of the resistance wires can be flexibly adjusted. Similarly, the second heating wire extends between the guide holes in a reciprocating manner along the width direction, and can extend in a reciprocating manner at intervals of two rows, three rows and other guide hole rows, so that the arrangement density of the resistance wires can be flexibly adjusted. In addition, a third heating wire extending to and fro in an oblique direction of 45 degrees, etc. may also be provided to further adjust the arrangement density of the resistance wires.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first heating wire is distributed between adjacent via rows and has a first positive terminal and a first negative terminal, and the second heating wire is distributed between adjacent via rows and has a second positive terminal and a second negative terminal. Through the reciprocating extension mode, the first heating wire and the second heating wire are crossed to form a grid, and the heating wire is surrounded around each guide hole. Namely, except the guide hole row which is closest to the edge of the evaporation heat blanket and the guide holes at the two ends of the guide hole row, resistance wires are uniformly distributed between every two adjacent guide holes, so that the heating uniformity is improved, the directional power is more uniform, and the ice and snow on the surface to be treated are more effectively treated.
In addition, the first negative terminal of the first heating wire is electrically connected with the second positive terminal of the second heating wire, and the first heating wire and the second heating wire form a continuous heating wire, so that the heating part 21 only has one positive electrode and one negative electrode, and is convenient to be connected with the cable 3 and the like. Specifically, the first negative terminal and the second positive terminal are connected at the ends of the evaporative heat blanket.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the evaporative heat blanket of the present invention, and since the size of the guide holes is small relative to the overall size of the evaporative heat blanket, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of 1 guide hole and its surrounding parts.
As the top layer of the heat-insulating air-permeable layer, it is preferable that the top layer 30 includes a top layer main body portion 31 formed of a heat-reflecting material, and at least one guide hole 33 penetrating the top layer 30 is distributed, and the guide hole 33 communicates with the guide hole portion 23. The top layer main body portion 31 is a polyimide film or an aluminum foil.
As the top layer of the heat-insulating air-permeable layer, it is also preferable that the top layer 30 includes a top layer body portion 31, at least one cavity 32 and at least one guide hole 33 penetrating the top layer 30 provided in the top layer body portion 31, and a plurality of guide holes 33 provided in the bottom layer body portion 31. Since the cavity 32 is sealed with air, the air still in the small space has good heat preservation performance, so that good heat preservation effect can be achieved. In addition, by providing the guide hole 33 communicating with the guide hole portion 23, the moisture passing through the guide hole portion 23 can be guided to the outside air through the guide hole 33, and the resistance to the moisture being discharged to the outside is reduced, that is, the directional power is further improved.
Specifically, the top sheet 30 is a sheet-like body processed by foam molding, and in this case, if most of the pores formed are interconnected according to the foam molding process, it is called open-cell foam, and in this case, these open cells can also communicate with the guide hole portion 23 to function to guide moisture to the outside air, and thus it is not necessary to separately provide the guide holes 33.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top sheet 30 is a closed cell foam, and the top sheet 30 is provided with a plurality of guide holes 33 provided corresponding to the guide hole parts 23. The guide hole 33 can be formed by punching together with the guide hole 13 and the guide hole (guide hole portion 23) by a punching device after the laminated body as the top layer 30 is bonded to the intermediate layer 20 and the bottom layer 10. I.e., the top body portion 31, is a thermoset or thermoplastic such as polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, urea formaldehyde, phenolic, etc. The cavity 32 is formed in the top body portion 31 by foam molding, and the guide holes 33 corresponding one-to-one to the guide hole portions 23 are formed by mechanical punching. Preferably a foamed polyethylene material having lightweight properties.
As shown in fig. 2, as a bottom layer of the waterproof heat conductive layer, the bottom layer 10 preferably includes a bottom layer main body portion 11, a plurality of rail beam installation portions 12 provided on the bottom layer main body portion 11, and a plurality of lead-out holes 13 provided in the bottom layer main body portion 11. As shown, the rail beam installation part 12 is provided in the bottom layer main body part 11, so that the evaporation heat blanket can be attached to the rail beam, thereby improving the heating and evaporation efficiency. Further, by providing the lead-out hole 13 communicating with the lead-out hole portion 23, the moisture melted and evaporated on the surface to be treated can be led out to the lead-out hole portion 23, and can be quickly transferred to the outside air.
The rail beam installation part 12 may have various structures as long as it can be attached to the rail beam 1, for example, the rail beam installation part 12 may be made of a material having a relatively high specific gravity, and the distance between the positions of the edge parts is greater than the width of the rail beam 1, so that the edge parts can be hung on both sides of the rail beam by gravity after being laid in place, and the evaporative heat blanket 1 can be attached to the surface to be treated, as shown in fig. 4.
Preferably, the rail beam setting part 12 is a long magnetic strip which is distributed along the length direction, so that the long magnetic strip can be attracted with the rail beam by the magnetic force of the long magnetic strip and fastened after the evaporation heat blanket is laid in place. And preferably, the distance between the positions of the arranged edge parts is larger than the width of the track beam 1, and the edge parts are sucked and fastened with the side edges of the track beam. Since the rail beam installation section 12 is located on the rail beam side after installation as described above, the heat generation section 21 and the hole guide section 23 can be laid over the entire width of the travel surface of the rail beam 1, so that effective treatment of ice and snow on the travel surface of the rail beam 1 can be reliably ensured, and the ice and snow can be prevented from remaining on the edge of the travel surface.
In addition, the bottom layer 10 is a waterproof and breathable film. In the water vapor state, the water particles in a fine state can smoothly permeate to the other side of the capillary tube by utilizing the principle of capillary motion, so that the vapor permeation phenomenon is generated. When water vapor is condensed into water drops, the particles become bigger, and water molecules can not smoothly separate from the water drops and permeate to the other side under the action of the surface tension of the water drops (mutual pulling and balancing among the water molecules), so that the water permeation is prevented, and the breathable film has a waterproof function. In the present invention, EPTFE, i.e., polytetrafluoroethylene, is used, which has high tensile strength, high elasticity and elongation.
The plurality of lead-out holes 13 provided in the base sheet 10 are preferably provided in correspondence with the lead-through holes 23. The lead-out hole 13 can be formed by punching together with the guide hole 33 and the guide hole (guide hole portion 23) by a punching device after the waterproof breathable film as the bottom sheet 10 is bonded to the intermediate sheet 20 and the top sheet 30.
Further, the bottom layer 10 and the intermediate layer 20, and the intermediate layer 20 and the top layer 30 are bonded together by the adhesive layer 40. The adhesive layer 40 is preferably distributed over the entire contact surface of the intermediate layer 20. Further, it is preferable that one end of the evaporation heat blanket in the longitudinal direction is provided with a recovery joint portion which is releasably engageable with the winding roll 4 in the evaporation heat blanket winding device to pick up the end of the evaporation heat blanket by the winding roll 4 for winding.
As a specific embodiment of the evaporative heat blanket roll-up apparatus, as shown in fig. 5, a traveling structure of the evaporative heat blanket roll-up apparatus is provided on a carriage 5, which is similar to a rail train, so that the evaporative heat blanket roll-up apparatus can move on a rail beam 1, and roll rolls 4 are respectively provided at both sides of the evaporative heat blanket roll-up apparatus, one side for roll-up and one side for covering. In particular, the frame 5 is of a girder construction, so that it has the ability to carry more evaporative heat blankets, both for furling and covering being located inside the device.
The width direction and length direction of the evaporation heat blanket of the invention can be set according to the diameter of the rolling roller 4 in the track beam 1 and the evaporation heat blanket rolling device, the flexibility of the evaporation heat blanket, and the like, and the thickness direction of the evaporation heat blanket can be set according to the actual using environment temperature.
As a specific embodiment, the size of the evaporation heat blanket can be 1m in width, 500m in length, 3mm in thickness, and the operation temperature of the heat generating part 21 of the evaporation heat blanket is 80 ℃. The bottom layer 10, the middle layer 20 and the top layer 30 can be formed to the same thickness, i.e. may be 1 mm. In addition, the thickness of the intermediate layer is set according to the diameter of the heating wire, and since the rubber used as the insulating layer is required to cover the entire heating wire, the thickness of the intermediate layer is required to be greater than the diameter of the heating wire.
As described above, the evaporative heat blanket according to the present invention has characteristics of insulation, heat retaining property, air permeability, lightweight property, and the like. When ice and snow are accumulated on the rail beam, the evaporation heat blanket is covered to melt the ice and snow by the heating part 21 and to discharge the evaporated water vapor to the outside air through the hole by the guide hole part 23.
In addition, since the evaporative heat blanket has the top layer 30 capable of keeping warm, it is possible to prevent heat generated from the heat generating part 21 from entering the outside air through the top layer 30 to a certain extent, as compared with a heat blowing or heat generating tube heating method, and it is possible to improve the heat efficiency of the heat generating part, thereby achieving excellent energy saving performance.
When the rail train does not operate, the evaporation heat blanket reeling device walks on the rail beam 1, the evaporation heat blanket 2 is laid on the walking surface of the rail beam 1, the heating part 21 is heated by electrifying the cable 3, the heat is transferred to the rail beam, the ice and snow on the upper surface (surface to be processed) of the rail beam are melted, and the water vapor is diffused into the air through the evaporation heat blanket. After the evaporation heat blanket 2 is covered on the upper surface of the track beam for a period of time, ice and snow can be melted, and water vapor can be led out through the evaporation heat blanket, so that water vapor and the like cannot be left between the evaporation heat blanket and the upper surface of the track beam, and secondary icing can be prevented.
When the rail train operates, the evaporation heat blanket rolling device is used for recovering the evaporation heat blanket, and at the moment, the ice and snow on the rail beam are basically eliminated and are relatively dry, so that even after the evaporation heat blanket is removed, an ice layer cannot be formed on the upper surface of the rail beam to influence the normal operation of the rail train.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the individual specific technical features in any suitable way. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.