CN111406830A - Preparation method of compound microbial fermentation puffed feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of compound microbial fermentation puffed feed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111406830A CN111406830A CN202010265469.3A CN202010265469A CN111406830A CN 111406830 A CN111406830 A CN 111406830A CN 202010265469 A CN202010265469 A CN 202010265469A CN 111406830 A CN111406830 A CN 111406830A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- parts
- fermentation
- expanded
- crushing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000193749 Bacillus coagulans Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940054340 bacillus coagulans Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010011619 6-Phytase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000145 Bacillolysin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000035092 Neutral proteases Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091005507 Neutral proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940085127 phytase Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 12
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 12
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000252498 Ictalurus punctatus Species 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KLOIYEQEVSIOOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbocromen Chemical compound CC1=C(CCN(CC)CC)C(=O)OC2=CC(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KLOIYEQEVSIOOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001411320 Eriogonum inflatum Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NULAJYZBOLVQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NCCN)=CC=CC2=C1 NULAJYZBOLVQPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002331 protein detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed, which sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) crushing: crushing and sieving feed materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain feed powder; (2) puffing: the feed powder is heated by steam of a double-shaft conditioner and extruded and expanded by an expander to obtain expanded feed; (3) and (3) cooling: cooling the expanded feed to 45 ℃ by an air cooler, and discharging to obtain wet feed; (4) inoculation: spraying and inoculating a mixed solution of a compound microbial starter to wet feed; (5) and (3) sealing fermentation: sealing, packaging and fermenting at constant temperature to obtain the composite microbial fermented puffed feed. The invention takes the wet feed after being puffed as the fermentation substrate of beneficial microorganism, the protein structure is changed into loose state by the puffing and extruding action, small peptide and peptone substances are easy to be generated by the action of microorganism and digestive enzyme, the digestibility of the feed protein is improved, and the nutrient content of the obtained fermented puffed feed meets the requirements of aquatic animals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of biological fermentation feed, and particularly relates to a preparation method of composite microbial fermentation puffed feed.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the large-scale, intensive and industrialized degree of the aquaculture industry, the accumulation of harmful pollutants in the culture process seriously damages the ecological environment of the culture water body, so that the stress of aquaculture animals is continuously increased, the immunity is reduced, various culture diseases frequently occur, and the sustainable health development of the aquaculture industry is seriously restricted.
In the aquaculture process, physical methods, chemical drug methods, antibiotic methods, microbial methods and the like are generally used for improving the environment of aquaculture water and controlling diseases. The physical method uses substances with adsorption capacity, such as active diatomite, zeolite powder and the like, to adsorb nitrite in the structure, the method has quick response, but the dosage of the medicine is large, heavy metal residue is easy to exceed the standard, and the method can not eliminate ammonia nitrogen and nitrite at all, so the method is easy to rebound; the chemical method mainly uses oxides such as chlorine dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, dichloroisocyanuric acid and the like, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite can change the valence state of nitrogen into nontoxic nitrate ions when meeting strong oxidants, but the chemical oxides have great stimulation to fishes, reduce the food intake of the fishes and destroy the micro-ecosystem of the water body; the long-term use of antibiotics also brings a series of negative effects, such as the generation of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, the overproof residue of antibiotics in fish bodies, the damage to the balance of intestinal microorganisms of fish and the like; the microbial fermentation technology is a new method applied to green and high-efficiency aquaculture, common beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and the like consume residues and excreta of feed in water body through the propagation of the microorganisms, can reduce the self-pollution of the aquaculture, improve the environment at the bottom of a pond and improve the immunity of fishes.
In recent years, with the development of high-density aquaculture, expanded feed is widely popularized, because the utilization rate of the expanded feed is higher than that of submerged pellet feed, the pollution to water is relatively reduced, but the temperature in the production process of the expanded feed reaches more than 120 ℃, and the expanded feed has great destructiveness to heat-sensitive substances, such as microorganisms, enzyme preparations, vitamins and the like. Although the post-spraying process and the microcapsule embedding technology of the expanded feed are applied to improve the quality of the expanded feed, the processes have some defects, such as nonuniform spraying in the post-spraying process, dormant state of microorganism treatment in the dried feed, and certain activation time in a fish body, short residence time in an intestinal tract and limited improvement effect on an intestinal tract microecological system; the microcapsule technology can also reduce the loss of heat-sensitive substances and microorganisms in the feed, but the high cost thereof brings great limitation; in another patent (for example, application No. 201910717478.9), the dried puffed feed is mixed with leavening agent and water and fermented for a certain period of time to prepare the fermented puffed feed, but the method has the disadvantages of complex process, low production efficiency and high energy consumption in processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a composite microbial fermentation expanded feed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing: crushing and sieving feed materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain feed powder;
(2) puffing: the feed powder is heated by steam of a double-shaft conditioner and extruded and expanded by an expander to obtain expanded feed;
(3) and (3) cooling: cooling the expanded feed to 40-45 ℃ by an air cooler, and discharging to obtain wet feed;
(4) inoculation: spraying and inoculating a mixed solution of a compound microbial starter to wet feed;
(5) and (3) sealing fermentation: sealing, packaging and fermenting at constant temperature to obtain the composite microbial fermented puffed feed.
Preferably, the pulverization in the step (1) comprises coarse pulverization and superfine pulverization, wherein the fineness of the powder obtained by the coarse pulverization is 93-99% of the passing rate of a 20-mesh sieve, and 98% is preferable; the fineness of the powder obtained by the superfine grinding is 75 to 90 percent of the passing rate of a 80-mesh sieve, and the preferential passing rate is 85 percent.
Preferably, the steam heating in the step (2) is to adjust the water content in the double-shaft conditioner to be 20-30%, introduce steam to raise the temperature of the feed powder to 90-110 ℃, and keep the temperature.
Preferably, the expansion times of the extrusion expansion in the step (2) are adjusted to be 1.5-1.7 times, the material temperature in the expansion cavity is 120-135 ℃, and the aperture of the discharging template is 2-6 mm.
Preferably, the mixed solution of the compound microbial starter in the step (4) is a mixed solution of the compound microbial starter and warm water at 40-60 ℃, and the water content of the wet feed is 25-35%.
Preferably, the constant-temperature fermentation in the step (5) is constant-temperature fermentation at 35-40 ℃.
Preferably, the composite microbial starter comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5 parts of compound microorganism fermentation liquor, 0.1-0.5 part of compound enzyme preparation, 0.2-0.6 part of vitamin premix and 1-3 parts of glucose.
Preferably, the composite microorganism fermentation liquid is prepared by compounding bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid, bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid and lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid according to the proportion of 1-3: 2-5; the compound enzyme preparation contains 3-6 ten thousand IU/g of neutral protease, 1-3 ten thousand IU/g of phytase and 1-3 ten thousand IU/g of xylanase.
Preferably, the feed material comprises the following components: fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, quick-fried soybean, cottonseed meal, high gluten flour, wheat bran, soybean oil, oil bran, monocalcium phosphate and trace element premix.
Preferably, the trace elements are selected from: CoCl2·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、CuSO4·5H2O、MnSO4·H2At least one of O.
Preferably, the feed material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-16 parts of fish meal, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-10 parts of fast-exploded soybean, 4-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 7-16 parts of high gluten flour, 3-8 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 6-16 parts of oil bran, 1.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1-3 parts of trace element premix.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention takes the wet feed after being puffed as the fermentation substrate of beneficial microorganism, the protein structure is changed into loose state by the puffing and extruding action, small peptide and peptone substances are easy to be generated by the action of microorganism and digestive enzyme, the digestibility of the feed protein is improved, the nutrient content of the obtained fermented puffed feed meets the requirement of aquatic animals, and the feed can be directly fed; the process of mixing microorganisms before feeding the traditional pellet feed is omitted, and the process is complex to operate and unstable in effect.
(2) Compared with the common expanded feed, the feed is subjected to in-vitro pre-digestion fermentation treatment, and the expanded wet feed does not need drying treatment, so that the cost is low; according to the invention, the microorganism is cultured by adopting the high-density fermentation of the feed supplement, so that the microbial content in the fermented puffed feed is high, the active metabolite is rich, the micro-ecological stability of animal intestinal tracts is effectively conditioned, the disease resistance of animals is improved, the use of cultured antibiotics is reduced, and the food safety of aquatic products is improved; purifying the environment of the aquaculture water body and reducing the pollution of the aquaculture drainage water to the water environment.
(3) Compared with powdery biological fermentation feed, the high-temperature puffing feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages that foreign bacteria in the raw materials are eliminated, the biological safety of the fermentation feed is improved, the puffing enables the gaps formed by the fibers to be beneficial to the growth of beneficial microorganisms, the water resistance of the fermentation puffed feed is higher, the fermentation puffed feed floats on the water surface, the ingestion condition of fish is easier to observe, nutrient substances are not easy to dissolve into water, the feed utilization rate is higher, and the pollution of the feed to a water body is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the variation of ammonia nitrogen content in water bodies of a control group and a test group in a test example.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of nitrite content in water bodies of a control group and a test group in a test example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For convenience of comparison, the trace elements in the examples or comparative examples of the present invention are: containing 0.3mg of CoC per kg of feedl2·6H2O, 120.1mg of FeSO4·7H2O, 300.5mg of ZnSO4·7H2O, 20.5mg of CuSO4·5H2O, 50.8mg of MnSO4·H2O。
The preparation of the bacillus coagulans fermentation liquor, the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and the lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor in the composite microorganism fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:
preparing bacillus coagulans fermentation liquor:
first-stage culture, namely inoculating the bacillus coagulans strain on the inclined plane of the test tube to a first-stage culture medium (10.0 g of peptone, 8.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 25.0g of glucose, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate and 1000m of distilled water L, adjusting the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, sterilizing at the sterilization temperature of 121 ℃ for 15min), wherein the liquid loading amount of a 1000m L triangular flask is 150m L, the culture temperature is 40 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200rpm, and the culture time is 18h, so as to obtain a first-stage culture solution.
Secondary high-density culture, namely inoculating the primary culture solution into a secondary culture medium (soybean peptone 20 g/L, yeast extract 5 g/L, soybean meal 20 g/L, corn steep liquor dry powder 10 g/L, glucose 20 g/L, magnesium sulfate 1 g/L, manganese sulfate 0.18 g/L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 3 g/L, calcium carbonate 15 g/L, sodium chloride 4 g/L, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.0, culturing at the sterilization temperature of 121 ℃ for 15 min. fermentation tank), wherein the initial liquid loading amount is 50%, the culture temperature is 40 ℃, the stirring speed is 150rpm, and the dissolved oxygen value is 150rpmMaintaining more than 30 percent, continuously supplementing sterile glucose solution with the mass concentration of 20 percent after fermenting for 20h at the supplementing speed of 15m L/L/h, stopping supplementing when the fermenting is finished for 30h, slowly dropwise adding ammonia water with the mass concentration of 18 percent in the whole fermentation process to maintain the pH value of 6.5-7.0 to obtain the bacillus coagulans fermentation liquor with the viable count of 2.2 × 1010cfu/g。
Preparing a bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid:
first-stage culture, namely inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain on the inclined plane of the test tube to a first-stage culture medium (10.0 g of peptone, 5.0g of yeast extract, 15.0g of glucose, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 1000m of distilled water L, adjusting the pH value to be 6.0-6.5, sterilizing at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 15 min.) and the liquid loading amount of a 1000m L triangular flask is 150m L, the culture temperature is 37 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 200rpm, and the culture time is 18h, so as to obtain a first-stage culture solution.
And (2) secondary high-density culture, namely inoculating the primary culture solution into a secondary culture medium (5 g/L of soybean peptone, 30 g/L of soybean meal, 10 g/L of corn steep liquor dry powder, 25 g/L of corn flour, 1.2 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 3 g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 4 g/L of sodium chloride and 1 g/L of amylase according to the dosage of 2 percent, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.0, heating the culture medium to 90 ℃, preserving the heat for 30min, heating to 121 ℃, preserving the heat for 15min for sterilization), keeping the initial liquid loading of a fermentation tank at 50 percent, culturing at 37 ℃, stirring at the rotating speed of 150rpm, maintaining the dissolved oxygen value at more than 30 percent, continuously supplementing sterile glucose solution with the mass concentration of 20 percent after 18h of fermentation, at the feeding speed of 15m L/L/h, stopping supplementing the materials when 26h occurs, maintaining the pH value at 6.5-7.0 in the whole fermentation process, obtaining bacillus subtilis fermentation broth with the viable count of 1.8L 01010cfu/g。
Preparing lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor:
first-stage culture, namely inoculating a test tube semisolid lactobacillus plantarum strain to a first-stage culture medium (10.0 g of peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0 m of tween L, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, 1000m of water L, 6.2-6.6 of surface pH value, and culturing for 15min at the sterilization temperature of 115 ℃), wherein the liquid filling amount of a 100m L triangular flask is 80m L, the culture temperature is 37 ℃, and the anaerobic culture time is 24h, so as to obtain a first-stage culture solution.
And (2) secondary culture, namely inoculating the primary culture solution into a secondary culture medium (10.0 g/L of peptone, 5.0 g/L of beef extract, 15 g/L of soybean protein, 2.0 g/L of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 30.0 g/L of glucose, 5.0 g/L of sodium acetate, 2.0 g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58 g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.25 g/L of manganese sulfate) according to the using amount of 3 percent, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, sterilizing at 115 ℃ for 15 min. the liquid filling amount of a fermentation tank is 80 percent, culturing at 37 ℃, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 36 hours, stirring 1 time every 2 hours for 1min, maintaining the pH value to 6.5-7.0 by using ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15 percent for supplementing during the whole fermentation process to obtain lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth with the viable bacteria number of 3, 3 × 109cfu/g。
Example 1: a preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) coarse crushing: respectively crushing 8 parts of fish meal, 24 parts of bean pulp, 16 parts of rapeseed pulp, 6 parts of quick-explosion soybean, 10 parts of cottonseed meal and 3 parts of wheat bran to 20-mesh sieve with the passing rate of 98%; then mixing with 13.3 parts of high gluten flour, 3 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of oil bran, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of microelement premix uniformly to obtain coarse feed powder;
(2) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the coarse feed powder until the passing rate of an 80-mesh sieve is 85 percent, thus obtaining fine feed powder;
(3) puffing: conveying the feed fine powder into a double-shaft conditioner, wherein the water content of the conditioner is 22%, introducing steam to improve the temperature of the feed fine powder to 98 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, and then conveying the feed fine powder into a bulking machine, wherein the material temperature in the bulking machine is 120 ℃, and the aperture of a bulking discharge template is 2 mm;
(4) and (3) cooling: cooling by mesh belt type air cooling machine, wherein the thickness of the feed piled on the mesh belt is 10cm, the cooling time is 6min, and the discharging temperature is 45 deg.C to obtain wet feed;
(5) stirring and inoculating: dissolving 0.15 part of compound microorganism fermentation liquor, 0.3 part of compound enzyme preparation, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 3 parts of glucose in 10 parts of 45 ℃, and spraying the mixture to wet feed while stirring to obtain expanded feed with the water content of 30%;
(6) and (3) sealing fermentation: filling the expanded feed into a woven bag internally attached with a plastic film bag, sealing the woven bag by hot melting the plastic film bag, and fermenting for 1 day at constant temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the composite microbial fermentation expanded feed.
Example 2: a preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) coarse crushing: respectively crushing 12 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of rapeseed pulp, 6 parts of quick-explosion soybean, 10 parts of cottonseed meal and 6.6 parts of wheat bran to 20-mesh sieve percent of passage of 98%; then mixing with 13.4 parts of high gluten flour, 3 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of oil bran, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of microelement premix uniformly to obtain coarse feed powder;
(2) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the coarse feed powder until the passing rate of an 80-mesh sieve is 85 percent, thus obtaining fine feed powder;
(3) puffing: conveying the feed fine powder into a double-shaft conditioner, wherein the water content of the conditioner is 28%, introducing steam to improve the temperature of the feed fine powder to 98 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, and then conveying the feed fine powder into a bulking machine, wherein the feed temperature in the bulking machine is 130 ℃, and the aperture of a bulking discharge template is 2 mm;
(4) and (3) cooling: cooling by mesh belt type air cooling machine, wherein the thickness of the feed piled on the mesh belt is 10cm, the cooling time is 10min, and the discharging temperature is 45 deg.C to obtain wet feed;
(5) stirring and inoculating: dissolving 0.3 part of compound microorganism fermentation liquor, 0.5 part of compound enzyme preparation, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 3 parts of glucose in 20 parts of 45 ℃, and spraying the mixture to wet feed while stirring to obtain expanded feed with the water content of 33%;
(6) and (3) sealing fermentation: filling the expanded feed into a woven bag internally attached with a plastic film bag, sealing the woven bag by hot melting the plastic film bag, and fermenting for 1 day at constant temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the composite microbial fermentation expanded feed.
Comparative example 1: a preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) coarse crushing: respectively crushing 12 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of rapeseed pulp, 6 parts of quick-explosion soybean, 10 parts of cottonseed meal and 6.6 parts of wheat bran to 20-mesh sieve percent of passage of 98%; then uniformly mixing with 13.4 parts of high gluten flour, 3 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of oil bran, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of microelement premix, 0.3 part of composite microorganism fermentation liquor, 0.5 part of composite enzyme preparation, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 3 parts of glucose to obtain feed coarse powder;
(2) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the coarse feed powder until the passing rate of an 80-mesh sieve is 85 percent, thus obtaining fine feed powder;
(3) puffing: conveying the feed fine powder into a double-shaft conditioner, wherein the water content of the conditioner is 28%, introducing steam to improve the temperature of the feed fine powder to 98 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, and then conveying the feed fine powder into a bulking machine, wherein the feed temperature in the bulking machine is 130 ℃, and the aperture of a bulking discharge template is 2 mm;
(4) drying: drying at 125 deg.C for 15min to obtain dried feed with water content of 10%;
(5) and (3) cooling: cooling by mesh belt type air cooling machine, wherein the thickness of the feed piled on the mesh belt is 10cm, the cooling time is 12min, and the discharging temperature is 40 deg.C to obtain cooled feed;
(6) and (3) sealing fermentation: and filling the expanded feed into a woven bag internally attached with a plastic film bag, and sealing the hot-melt film bag to obtain the expanded feed.
Comparative example 2: a preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) coarse crushing: respectively crushing 12 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of rapeseed pulp, 6 parts of quick-explosion soybean, 10 parts of cottonseed meal and 6.6 parts of wheat bran to 20-mesh sieve percent of passage of 98%; then mixing with 13.4 parts of high gluten flour, 3 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of oil bran, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of microelement premix uniformly to obtain coarse feed powder;
(2) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the coarse feed powder until the passing rate of an 80-mesh sieve is 85 percent, thus obtaining fine feed powder;
(3) puffing: conveying the feed fine powder into a double-shaft conditioner, wherein the water content of the conditioner is 28%, introducing steam to improve the temperature of the feed fine powder to 98 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, and then conveying the feed fine powder into a bulking machine, wherein the feed temperature in the bulking machine is 130 ℃, and the aperture of a bulking discharge template is 2 mm;
(4) drying: drying at 125 deg.C for 15min to obtain dried feed with water content of 10%;
(5) and (3) cooling: cooling by mesh belt type air cooling machine, wherein the thickness of the feed piled on the mesh belt is 10cm, the cooling time is 12min, and the discharging temperature is 40 deg.C to obtain cooled feed;
(6) stirring and inoculating: dissolving 0.3 part of compound microorganism fermentation liquor, 0.5 part of compound enzyme preparation, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 3 parts of glucose in 20 parts of 45 ℃, and spraying the mixture to a cooled feed while stirring to obtain an expanded feed with water content;
(7) and (3) sealing fermentation: filling the puffed feed into a woven bag internally provided with a plastic film bag, sealing the woven bag by hot melting the plastic film bag, and fermenting for 1 day at constant temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the puffed feed.
The feeds prepared in the above examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were subjected to the following tests, and the respective tests and the methods according to them were as follows:
(1) and (3) moisture detection: measuring the water content in the feed (GB/T6435);
(2) protein detection: kjeldahl method (GB/T6432);
(3) detection of small peptides: detection of Soybean peptide (GB/T22492)
(4) And (3) total acid detection: determination of citric acid, fumaric acid and lactic acid in feed acidulant, high performance liquid chromatography (GB/T23877);
(5) and (3) detecting the total number of colonies: national standard for food safety, determination of total number of colonies (GB/T4789)
(6) And (3) detection of coarse ash: determination of the coarse ash in the feed (GB/T6438);
(7) and (3) measuring the floating rate, namely respectively measuring 50 feeds prepared in examples 1 and 2 and a comparative example, putting the feeds into a 1000m L triangular flask, pouring 500m L of tap water with the temperature of 30 ℃, vibrating the rotating speed of 60rpm, observing the number of complete feed particles floating on the water surface after 2 hours, recording the number as m, and calculating the floating rate to be m/50 × 100%.
The results of the tests on the feeds prepared in examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 feed test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the expanded feed of the comparative example has high content of small peptides and total number of bacterial colonies, and microorganisms and enzyme preparations are thermolabile and the activity of the microorganisms and the enzyme preparations is lost under the condition of high temperature of expansion; and the water content of the feed is uniform for the propagation of the microorganisms, when the expanded feed in the comparative example 2 is dried to the water content of 10 percent and then water is added and stirred until the water content is 33 percent, the water content of the feed at the bottom is too high during the fermentation of the feed due to poor water absorption, the feed is easy to ferment, and the feed is easy to rot and has poor floating property.
Test example:
selecting 240-piece channel catfish with the average weight of about 50 g/piece, disinfecting test channel catfish fry by using 3% salt solution, dividing the test channel catfish fry into a control group and a test group, feeding the control group with the expanded feed of the comparative example 1, feeding the test group with the fermented expanded feed of the example 2, repeatedly breeding 40 pieces of each group, feeding the corresponding feed in a 300L water body (the specification of an aquarium is 70cm × 70cm × 80cm), changing water for 7 days in a pre-feeding period, changing water for 30% each day in the pre-feeding period, feeding the test fish for 10 days, not changing water in the test period, replenishing water to the original water level every 2 days, feeding the fish for 3 times each day for 6:00, 12:00 and 18:30, feeding the fish with the weight of 3% -5% of the total fish weight, keeping the water temperature to be 26 +/-1 ℃ in the breeding process, and continuously inflating and keeping dissolved oxygen for more than 6 mg/L in 24 hours.
Periodically sampling water every 2 days during the test period, dripping the water sample bottle and the bottle stopper for 3 times by using the water sample before sampling the water sample, and then taking a water sample of 100m L at the same water level at the lower part of the water tank to carry out ammonia Nitrogen (NH)3-N) determination of the concentration, nitrite nitrogen concentration; a sodium reagent photometry method is used for detecting ammonia nitrogen; NO2 －The N concentration was determined photometrically using N- (1-naphthyl) -ethylenediamine, and the same was carried out for each aquarium during the test. The detection results are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
From the data analysis of the figures 1 and 2, compared with the common expanded feed, the biological fermentation expanded feed can reduce the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the aquaculture water body, improve the water quality stability of the aquaculture water body and reduce the stress reaction of frequent water change to animals.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a compound microbial fermentation puffed feed sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing: crushing and sieving feed materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain feed powder;
(2) puffing: the feed powder is heated by steam of a double-shaft conditioner and extruded and expanded by an expander to obtain expanded feed;
(3) and (3) cooling: cooling the expanded feed to 40-55 ℃ by an air cooler, and discharging to obtain wet feed;
(4) inoculation: spraying and inoculating a mixed solution of a compound microbial starter to wet feed;
(5) and (3) sealing fermentation: sealing, packaging and fermenting at constant temperature to obtain the composite microbial fermented puffed feed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the crushing in the step (1) comprises coarse crushing and superfine crushing, wherein the fineness of the powder obtained by the coarse crushing is 93-99 percent of the passing rate of a 20-mesh sieve; the powder obtained by the superfine grinding has the fineness of 80 meshes and the passing rate of 75-90 percent.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (2) adjusting the water content in the double-shaft conditioner to be 20-30% by steam heating, introducing steam to increase the temperature of the feed powder to 90-110 ℃, and preserving heat.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the expansion times of the expansion machine are adjusted to be 1.5-1.7 times, the material temperature in the expansion cavity is 120-135 ℃, and the aperture of the discharging template is 2-6 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mixed liquid of the compound microbial starter in the step (4) is mixed liquid of the compound microbial starter and warm water at 40-60 ℃, and the water content of the wet feed is 25-35%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the constant-temperature fermentation in the step (5) is constant-temperature fermentation at 35-40 ℃.
7. The production method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the composite microbial starter comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5 parts of compound microorganism fermentation liquor, 0.1-0.5 part of compound enzyme preparation, 0.2-0.6 part of vitamin premix and 1-3 parts of glucose.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the composite microorganism fermentation liquor is prepared by compounding bacillus coagulans fermentation liquor, bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquor according to the volume ratio of 1-3: 2-5; the compound enzyme preparation contains 3-6 ten thousand IU/g of neutral protease, 1-3 ten thousand IU/g of phytase and 1-3 ten thousand IU/g of xylanase.
9. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the feed material comprises the following components: fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, quick-fried soybean, cottonseed meal, high gluten flour, wheat bran, soybean oil, oil bran, monocalcium phosphate and trace element premix.
10. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the feed material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-16 parts of fish meal, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of rapeseed meal, 4-10 parts of fast-exploded soybean, 4-10 parts of cottonseed meal, 7-16 parts of high gluten flour, 3-8 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of soybean oil, 6-16 parts of oil bran, 1.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1-3 parts of trace element premix.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010265469.3A CN111406830A (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Preparation method of compound microbial fermentation puffed feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010265469.3A CN111406830A (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Preparation method of compound microbial fermentation puffed feed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111406830A true CN111406830A (en) | 2020-07-14 |
Family
ID=71485494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010265469.3A Pending CN111406830A (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2020-04-07 | Preparation method of compound microbial fermentation puffed feed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111406830A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111000026A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-14 | 金银卡(广州)生物科技股份有限公司 | Microbial fermentation preparation for aquatic product feeding feed |
| CN116349625A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-06-30 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A fermented feed feeding method to promote the growth of channel catfish and improve intestinal flora |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106798196A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-06-06 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | A kind of low fish meal jewfish expanding compound feed of recycling glasswort |
| CN108013213A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-11 | 高嘉泰 | A kind of moist microorganism particle fermented feed for aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN108244407A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-06 | 高嘉泰 | It is a kind of for moist microorganism particle fermented feed of aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN108576373A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-28 | 湖北吾尔利生物工程股份有限公司 | A kind of novel biological fermentation feed production technology |
| CN110338275A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-18 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of extrusion type biological fermentation feed and its preparation and application method |
-
2020
- 2020-04-07 CN CN202010265469.3A patent/CN111406830A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106798196A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-06-06 | 青岛嘉瑞生物技术有限公司 | A kind of low fish meal jewfish expanding compound feed of recycling glasswort |
| CN108013213A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-11 | 高嘉泰 | A kind of moist microorganism particle fermented feed for aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN108244407A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-06 | 高嘉泰 | It is a kind of for moist microorganism particle fermented feed of aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN108576373A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-28 | 湖北吾尔利生物工程股份有限公司 | A kind of novel biological fermentation feed production technology |
| CN110338275A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-10-18 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of extrusion type biological fermentation feed and its preparation and application method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111000026A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-14 | 金银卡(广州)生物科技股份有限公司 | Microbial fermentation preparation for aquatic product feeding feed |
| CN116349625A (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-06-30 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A fermented feed feeding method to promote the growth of channel catfish and improve intestinal flora |
| CN116349625B (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2025-10-21 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A method for feeding fermented feed to promote channel catfish growth and improve intestinal flora |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101449744B (en) | Multifunctional biology aquatic feedstuff additive | |
| CN102505003B (en) | A high-density fermentation method of Bacillus coagulans for livestock and poultry, its preparation and application | |
| KR101144473B1 (en) | A manufacturing method of fermented roughage for ruminants using spent mushroom substrates | |
| CN103734549B (en) | A kind of large particle creep material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106260504B (en) | Method for producing microbial fermentation wet feed by using beer yeast paste | |
| CN105707434A (en) | Method and application of fermented biological feed prepared by multi-strain mixed fermentation | |
| CN103750068A (en) | Mixed milk replacer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN118592522A (en) | Feed rich in probiotics and active peptides and application thereof | |
| CN105941899A (en) | Production method for compound micro-ecological preparation for weaned piglets | |
| CN107760612B (en) | Aspergillus niger yy07 strain and application thereof in solid fermentation production of acidic protease for feed | |
| CN101874544B (en) | Method for preparing protein feed by biological fermentation of distiller grains | |
| CN108029853A (en) | Zymocyte liquid, comprising its applied to the product of milking sow and the preparation method and application of product | |
| CN111406830A (en) | Preparation method of compound microbial fermentation puffed feed | |
| CN103766601A (en) | Method for producing fermented feed protein by adopting mobile fermentation | |
| CN110384178B (en) | Lactic acid bacteria culture based on distiller's grains and its application in animal feed | |
| CN112244168A (en) | Probiotics powder for cats and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN104171556A (en) | Novel biological paste fodder for weaned pigs and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106721052A (en) | Using the feed and its production technology that extract the production of the orange peel slag after pectin | |
| CN113973980A (en) | Super-large particle size buoyancy fermentation soft pellet feed | |
| CN118216612B (en) | A pet-specific bio-fermented feed and its preparation method | |
| CN113180149A (en) | Method for producing probiotic feed by using vinasse as raw material through continuous fermentation | |
| CN112825980A (en) | Method for producing glucose oxidase functional active peptide powder for livestock and aquatic products based on microbial fermentation | |
| CN111944723A (en) | A kind of technical method for producing Bacillus megaterium by using white distiller's grains | |
| CN106035988A (en) | Production method of arginine active peptide powder for livestock and poultry | |
| CN101081055A (en) | Anaerobic fermentation soya bean watse and method for preparing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200714 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |