CN112012016A - 一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法属于高分子复合材料领域。一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，原料为线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、乙烯‑乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA/EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂；按照质量分数：所述的原料组分为线性低密度聚乙烯30～50份、三元乙丙橡胶15～20份、乙烯‑乙酸乙烯酯共聚物20～40份、聚烯烃弹性体10～20份、相容剂5～10份、抗氧剂母粒0.5～3份。本发明使得特斯林产品不含卤素，塑料层对纤维长丝的附着力保持在一定水平乃至提高，并且生产过程中可以保持高线速加工，无需专用设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子复合材料领域，涉及一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
特斯林是一种特种纺织品，主要应用于餐垫、窗帘等居家用品和沙滩椅面料、遮阳伞等户外用品。
将塑料等包覆在化纤长丝表面制成皮芯结构的纱线，然后将纱线纺织就得到特斯林面料，进一步制备成各种制品。
传统的特斯林产品所用的纱线都是PVC/PET皮芯结构，这种纱线是将PVC塑料经改性后包覆在PET长丝表面制备得到的高分子复合纱线。但是PVC含有卤素，不利于环境保护，并且长期接触会对身体产生一定的危害；PVC的加工过程添加增塑剂等，会产生较大的气味，并且使得PVC内部的小分子助剂发生迁移,从而导致PVC制备的特斯林制品长期使用后容易发粘发脆。随着环保要求的日益提高，特斯林产品中的PVC需要更加环保的替代品，然而PVC被聚烯烃类材料替代后纱线的皮芯结构中，塑料层对纤维长丝的附着力显著下降，容易出现皮芯结构分离，表面不耐刮擦、硬度偏高、不能高速纺丝等问题。因此我们不但要选择更加环保的PVC替代品，还要兼顾塑料层的加工、附着力、表面硬度等性能及生产效率等问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料及其制备方法。使得特斯林产品不含卤素，塑料层对纤维长丝的附着力保持在一定水平乃至提高。并且本发明生产过程中可以保持高线速加工，无需专用设备，使用传统PVC型特斯林加工设备即可。
为实现上述目的，本发明技术方案如下：
一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：采用的原料为线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA/EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂。
一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：按照质量分数，所述的原料组分为线性低密度聚乙烯30～50份、三元乙丙橡胶15～20份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物20～40份、聚烯烃弹性体10～20份、相容剂5～10份、抗氧剂0.5～3份。所述的线性低密度聚乙烯的密度为0.918～0.935g/cm3。
所述的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物为两种，一种是乙酸乙烯的含量在40％以下的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),另一种是乙酸乙烯的含量在40％以上的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯弹性体(EVM)，其中EVA:EVM＝20:10～20:20。
所述的聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为乙烯-丁烯或乙烯-辛烯共聚物。
所述的抗氧剂是酚类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的一种或几种。
所述的相容剂是马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤耐迁移无味型复合材料的制备方法，步骤如下：
密炼：将线性低密度聚乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚烯烃弹性体、抗氧剂、相容剂混合按比例进行密炼；
挤出：将(1)中密炼完成的混合物经挤出机挤出，冷却造粒。
本发明采用聚烯烃改性复合材料替代PVC，不含卤素，没有气味更加环保，并且特斯林产品的耐迁移性提高，表面不会有小分子的析出；通用级聚烯烃与涤纶长丝附着力很差，采用热熔胶级EVA和EVM并用，并添加部分聚烯烃接枝料，增加聚烯烃物料之间的界面力及聚烯烃物料与涤纶丝之间的结合力，以上几种物料并用后，显著提高塑料层与纤维长丝之间的附着力；采用EPDM用以改善特斯林面料的手感，增加表面弹性。并且用于生产特斯林面料时操作简便，可以持续高线速加工，无需专用设备。
具体实施方式
为了详细说明本发明的内容及意义，以下结合具体实施例予以说明。
实施例1
预混：将线性低密度聚乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA和EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂混合按比例进行密炼，质量组分如下：线性低密度聚乙烯40份、三元乙丙橡胶15份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物35份、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)15份、抗氧剂0.8份、相容剂8份。
将预混后的混合料经双螺杆挤出机挤出，双螺杆各段温度为：120℃、140℃、160℃、165℃、165℃、140℃、140℃，挤出时间为2min，冷却造粒。
用普通PVC特斯林纺丝设备将制备的环保型无卤聚烯烃特斯林物料涂覆在涤纶长丝表面，客户根据自己设备情况，线速可达800米/分钟，与PVC材料纺丝速度相同。
实施例1中35份乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物分别为EVA 20份、EVM15份；相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010。
实施例2
预混：将线性低密度聚乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA和EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂混合按比例进行密炼，质量组分如下：线性低密度聚乙烯40份、三元乙丙橡胶15份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物35份、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)18份、抗氧剂0.8份、相容剂8份。
将预混后的混合料经双螺杆挤出机挤出，双螺杆各段温度为：120℃、140℃、160℃、165℃、165℃、140℃、140℃，挤出时间为2min，冷却造粒。
用普通PVC特斯林纺丝设备将制备的环保型无卤聚烯烃特斯林物料涂覆在涤纶长丝表面，线速800米/分钟，与PVC材料纺丝速度相同。
实施例2中35份乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物分别为EVA 20份、EVM15份；相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010。
实施例3
预混：将线性低密度聚乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA和EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂混合按比例进行密炼，质量组分如下：线性低密度聚乙烯40份、三元乙丙橡胶15份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物38份、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)15份、抗氧剂0.8份、相容剂8份。
将预混后的混合料经双螺杆挤出机挤出，双螺杆各段温度为：120℃、140℃、160℃、165℃、165℃、140℃、140℃，挤出时间为2min，冷却造粒。
用普通PVC特斯林纺丝设备将制备的环保型无卤聚烯烃特斯林物料涂覆在涤纶长丝表面，线速800米/分钟，与PVC材料纺丝速度相同。
实施例3中38份乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物分别为EVA 20份、EVM18份；相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010。
实施例4
预混：将线性低密度聚乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA和EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂混合按比例进行密炼，质量组分如下：线性低密度聚乙烯40份、三元乙丙橡胶20份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物35份、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)15份、抗氧剂0.8份、相容剂8份。
将预混后的混合料经双螺杆挤出机挤出，双螺杆各段温度为：120℃、140℃、160℃、165℃、165℃、140℃、140℃，挤出时间为2min，冷却造粒。
用普通PVC特斯林纺丝设备将制备的环保型无卤聚烯烃特斯林物料涂覆在涤纶长丝表面，线速800米/分钟，与PVC材料纺丝速度相同。
实施例4中35份乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物分别为EVA 20份、EVM15份；相容剂为马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010。
各实施例配方如表1所示
表1
和传统特斯林相比可以明显看出本发明不含卤素，更加环保，不含增塑剂如DOP、大豆油等易迁移小分子物质，耐迁移性大大提高。
对比各实施例发现，实施例1、2、3、4中涂覆层与涤纶长丝的附着力进行测试，因涂覆层与涤纶长丝完全粘合在一起，无法剥离，只能通过测试环保涂覆层的强度和伸长率进行比较，见下表2：
| 测试项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
| 断裂强度(Mpa) | 17.5 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 16.7 |
| 断裂伸长率(％) | 8.2 | 10.1 | 6.4 | 13.8 |
其中实施例3中的涂覆层强度最大，断裂伸长率最小。
对比各实施例发现，实施例1、2、3、4中特斯林化纤纺织成的面料均具有较好的手感，其中实施例4中特斯林化纤纺织成的更富有弹性。
随机抽取制备的丝线，测试产品的强度和伸长率，如表3所示。
表3
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
| 断裂强力/cN | 5507 | 5632 | 5873 | 5680 |
| 断裂伸长率/％ | 10.3 | 12.7 | 9.5 | 12.5 |
本发明与PVC材料及普通聚烯烃材料制备的特斯林面料相比，具有环保、无卤、高速纺、高附着力等特点，对设备无特殊要求，制备的特斯林面料对环境和人体友好无害。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：原料为线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA/EVM)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、抗氧剂、相容剂；按照质量分数：原料组分为线性低密度聚乙烯30～50份、三元乙丙橡胶15～20份、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物20～40份、聚烯烃弹性体10～20份、相容剂5～10份、抗氧剂母粒0.5～3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述的线性低密度聚乙烯的密度为0.918～0.935g/cm3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物为两种，一种是乙酸乙烯的含量在40％以下的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),另一种是乙酸乙烯的含量在40％以上的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯弹性体(EVM)，其中EVA:EVM＝20:10～20:20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述的聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为乙烯-丁烯或乙烯-辛烯共聚物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述的抗氧剂是酚类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂母粒中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料，其特征在于：所述的相容剂是马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯中的一种或几种。
7.制备如权利要求1所述的用于特斯林网布的环保型无卤聚烯烃复合材料工艺，步骤如下：
(1)预混：将线性低密度聚乙烯、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚烯烃弹性体、抗氧剂、相容剂混合按比例进行预混；
(2)挤出：将(1)中预混完成的混合物经挤出机挤出，冷却造粒。
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