Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a concrete panel dam expansion joint structure which has the advantages of low water absorption, no water storage, no freezing of a foam layer, low tensile stress performance, long service life of a protective structure and suitability for cold climate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, comprising:
the expansion joint body is formed between two adjacent substrates of the concrete panel dam, and a reserved groove is formed at the top end of the expansion joint body;
the protective structure comprises a foam rod, a plastic sealing layer, a polyurethane foam layer and a waterproof surface layer, wherein the foam rod, the plastic sealing layer, the polyurethane foam layer and the waterproof surface layer are sequentially connected from bottom to top, the foam rod is embedded in the expansion joint body and is adjacent to the reserved groove, the polyurethane foam layer is made of hydrophobic polyurethane, the polyurethane foam layer upwards extends out of the expansion joint body and covers the edge of the notch of the reserved groove, the outer surface of the polyurethane foam layer is a cylindrical surface, the waterproof surface layer is coated outside the polyurethane foam layer, two ends of the waterproof surface layer horizontally extend towards directions away from each other to form a plane connecting part, and the plane connecting part is hermetically bonded with the substrate.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure as described above, wherein the waterproof surface layer includes a primer layer and a composite polyurea layer stacked on the primer layer, and the primer layer is sealingly connected with the polyurethane foam layer and the base plate.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure comprises a composite polyurea layer and a grid cloth layer, wherein the composite polyurea layer comprises at least two layers of superposed polyurea layers and the grid cloth layer is clamped between two adjacent polyurea layers.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure comprises a plane connecting part and a plane connecting part, wherein the length of the plane connecting part is 50-400 mm.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure comprises a waterproof surface layer, wherein the waterproof surface layer is 2-6 mm thick.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure as described above, wherein the water retention rate of the polyurethane foam layer is less than or equal to 4%.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure is characterized in that the water absorption rate of the hydrophobic polyurethane is less than 3%.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure as described above, wherein the polyurethane foam layer is a polyurethane foam layer having an open cell structure, the open cell ratio of the polyurethane foam layer is greater than or equal to 90%, and the average pore diameter of the open cell structure is 0.1mm to 0.5 mm.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure comprises a pre-groove body, a polyurethane foam layer and a pre-groove, wherein the distance between the outer surface of the polyurethane foam layer and the bottom end of the pre-groove is 5-30 times of the width of the expansion joint body.
The concrete panel dam expansion joint structure is characterized in that the section of the preformed groove is in a conical shape with a large upper part and a small lower part.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages:
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the polyurethane foam layer is made of hydrophobic polyurethane, so that the water content in the protective structure is reduced, water is not easy to store, the phenomenon that the protective structure is internally frozen in winter is avoided, and high deformation and low stress in winter are kept, so that the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure has the advantages of frost crack resistance and stripping resistance, and is more suitable for cold climate;
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the plane connecting part of the waterproof surface layer is bonded on the substrate, so that the polyurethane foam layer is effectively limited on the substrate, and the condition that the lap joint part is cracked or torn due to the fact that a fastener which is easy to damage is used for connection is avoided, and the service life of the protection structure is effectively prolonged;
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the outer surface of the protective structure is a smooth and flat structure, so that water retention can be reduced, the anti-seepage effect is good, plastic sealing can be better protected, the adhesion of ice is reduced on the elastic surface, and the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure has good ice-pulling resistance when used in winter;
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the connection strength between the two adjacent polyurea layers is increased through the grid cloth layers, the deformation stress is reduced, the connection between the two adjacent polyurea layers is not easy to crack, and the service life of the composite polyurea layer is guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
In addition, the technical features described below in the different embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, which is suitable for cold climate, the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure includes an expansion joint body 11 and a protective structure 2, the expansion joint body 11 is formed between two adjacent substrates 1 of the concrete panel dam, the specific forming manner of the expansion joint body 11 is the prior art, and is not described herein again, wherein:
a reserved groove 111 is formed at the top end of the expansion joint body 11, and the reserved groove 111 can guide articles entering the expansion joint body 11 so as to be convenient for stuffing the articles into the expansion joint body 11;
the protective structure 2 comprises a foam rod 21, a plastic sealing layer 22, a polyurethane foam layer 23 and a waterproof surface layer 24 which are sequentially connected from bottom to top;
specifically, the foam rod 21 is embedded in the expansion joint body 11 and is adjacent to the reserved groove 111 after being compressed, that is, the peripheral surface of the foam rod 21 is tightly attached to the wall surface of the expansion joint body 11, the foam rod 21 defines the space of other subsequent structures for water and seepage prevention, and can play a role in blocking, so as to avoid the situation that the expansion joint body 11 cannot be normally used due to the fact that other substances flow into the expansion joint body 11 through the gap between the foam rod 21 and the expansion joint body 11;
the plastic sealing layer 22 can play a waterproof role, the plastic sealing layer 22 is filled between the foam rod 21 and the polyurethane foam layer 23, specifically, the bottom surface of the plastic sealing layer 22 is tightly attached to the outer peripheral surface of the top of the foam rod 21, the top surface of the plastic sealing layer 22 extends into the reserved groove 111, and the outer peripheral surface of the plastic sealing layer 22 is tightly attached to the wall surface of the expansion joint body 11 and the inner surface of the reserved groove 111, so that water cannot enter the expansion joint body 11 through the plastic sealing layer 22;
the polyurethane foam layer 23 is made of hydrophobic polyurethane, so that the polyurethane foam layer 23 has hydrophobicity and has the advantages of low stress, large deformation, no invasion of moisture and the like, when the expansion joint body 11 is deformed in winter, a small deformation stress is generated to prevent the waterproof surface layer 24 from being separated from the substrate 1; the bottom surface of the polyurethane foam layer 23 is closely attached to the top surface of the plastic sealing layer 22, the top surface of the polyurethane foam layer 23 extends upwards to the expansion joint body 11 and covers the edge of the notch of the reserved groove 111, the outer surface of the polyurethane foam layer 23 is a cylindrical surface, that is, the upper part of the polyurethane foam layer 23 protrudes out of the expansion joint body 11 to form a columnar structure with a uniform section, the section of the columnar structure is in an arc shape, the chord of the arc shape is connected with the plastic sealing layer 22, the arc of the arc shape is connected with the waterproof surface layer 24, the columnar structure can synchronously adjust the amount of the expansion joint body 11 remaining in the preformed groove 111 when the expansion joint body changes due to thermal expansion and cold contraction, namely, when the expansion joint body 11 is expanded by heat, a part of the columnar structure enters the reserved groove 111, when the expansion joint body 11 shrinks, a part of the columnar structure can be extruded out of the reserved groove 111, so that the gap in the reserved groove 111 can be filled with the polyurethane foam layer 23 all the time;
the waterproof surface layer 24 is coated outside the polyurethane foam layer 23, and two ends of the waterproof surface layer 24 extend horizontally in a direction away from each other to form a plane connection part, namely, two ends of the waterproof surface layer 24 are respectively formed with a plane connecting part, the plane connecting parts are sealed and bonded with the substrate 1, namely, the columnar structure is limited on the substrate 1 through the waterproof surface layer 24 to ensure that the columnar structure can change along with the change of the expansion joint body 11, and the waterproof surface layer 24 is coated on the outer surface of the columnar structure to form the outermost layer of the protective structure 2, so that the outer surface of the protective structure 2 is a smooth and flat structure with elasticity, such structure can reduce winter "ice adhesion", prevents that water level variation from dragging waterproof surface layer 24, and in addition, plane connecting portion and base plate 1 adopt the mode of bonding, need not to use the fastener that easily damages, have effectively prolonged protective structure 2's life.
Wherein, the distance between the bottom of foam stick 21 and reservation groove 111 is 3mm ~ 35mm, and the preferred, the distance between the bottom of foam stick 21 and reservation groove 111 is 5mm to ensure that protective structure 2 can play good guard action.
According to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the polyurethane foam layer 23 with hydrophobicity is arranged, so that the water content in the protective structure 2 is reduced, the phenomenon that the protective structure is internally frozen in winter is avoided, high deformation and low stress in winter are kept, and the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure has the advantages of frost crack resistance and stripping resistance; through bonding the plane connecting portion with waterproof surface 24 on base plate 1, can be effectual with polyurethane foam layer 23 spacing on base plate 1, avoided again using the fastener of easily damaging to connect the overlap joint position fracture that leads to or tear the condition and take place to effectual life who prolongs protective structure 2.
In an example of the present invention, the cross section of the preformed groove 111 is a tapered shape with a large top and a small bottom, which facilitates the processing, and the preformed groove 111 can play a better guiding role for the protective structure 2 entering the expansion joint body 11, so that the protective structure 2 can smoothly enter the expansion joint body 11.
Of course, the preformed groove 111 may also be a rectangular groove or a polygonal groove, which is not described in detail herein.
Further, the length L of the annular connecting portion is 50mm to 400mm, preferably 150mm to 250mm, so that the annular connecting portion and the substrate 1 have sufficient connection strength, and during specific construction, the length of the annular connecting portion can be determined according to the size of the expansion joint body 11 and the change of the external environment temperature.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the waterproof top sheet 24 includes a primer layer 241 and a composite polyurea layer 242 stacked on the primer layer 241, and the primer layer 241 is sealingly bonded to the polyurethane foam layer 23 and the substrate 1.
Specifically, the primer 241 is an epoxy resin layer, which has a good adhesion property with concrete, and can ensure the reliability of the connection between the waterproof surface layer 24 and the substrate 1, and of course, any other material that can be adhered to concrete can be used as the primer 241.
Still further, as shown in fig. 2, the composite polyurea layer 242 includes at least two polyurea layers 2421 stacked one on another and a mesh cloth layer 2422 sandwiched between two adjacent polyurea layers 2421, the mesh cloth layer can support the polyurea layer 2421 above, and the mesh cloth layer 2422 can increase the connection strength between two adjacent polyurea layers 2421, so that the connection between two adjacent polyurea layers 2421 is not prone to crack, and the service life of the composite polyurea layer 242 is ensured.
Specifically, the composite polyurea layer 242 includes two to four polyurea layers 2421 and one to three grid cloth layers 2422, and preferably, the composite polyurea layer 242 includes three polyurea layers 2421 and two grid cloth layers 2422, so as to meet the use requirement.
Of course, the waterproof top layer 24 may also include a primer layer 241 and a multi-layer polyurea layer 2421 overlying the primer layer 241.
Further, the thickness of the waterproof surface layer 24 is 2 mm-6 mm, preferably, the thickness of the waterproof surface layer 24 is 4 mm-5 mm, and such thickness can not only ensure the function of limiting the polyurethane foam layer 23, but also can not increase the burden of the substrate 1 in the aspect of bearing.
Further, polyurethane foam layer 23's water-retaining rate is less than or equal to 4%, the preferred, polyurethane foam layer 23's water-retaining rate is less than or equal to 1%, like this, can reduce the water content in protective structure 2 by a wide margin, prevents to produce inside icing phenomenon to play effectual frost crack prevention effect.
Further, the water absorption rate of the hydrophobic polyurethane is less than 3% to ensure that the polyurethane foam layer 23 has the advantage of low water content, so that the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure has the advantage of low water absorption rate.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the polyurethane foam layer 23 is a polyurethane foam layer 23 having an open cell structure, the open cell ratio of the polyurethane foam layer 23 is greater than or equal to 90%, preferably, the open cell ratio of the polyurethane foam layer 23 is greater than or equal to 95%, and the open cell structure enables the polyurethane foam layer 23 to have certain elasticity, so that the elasticity can be changed along with the change of the expansion joint body 11 more easily, and the plastic sealing layer can be ensured to be separated from the outside through the polyurethane foam layer 23; still further, the average pore diameter of the open pore structure is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm, preferably, the pore diameter of the open pore structure is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm, such pore diameter can make the polyurethane foam layer 23 have certain elasticity, and can ensure that the polyurethane foam layer 23 is not easy to store water, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of freezing caused by more water accumulated in the pores.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a distance r from the outer surface of the polyurethane foam layer 23 to the bottom end of the reserved groove 111 is 5 to 30 times of the width d of the expansion joint body 11, and preferably, the distance r from the outer surface of the polyurethane foam layer 23 to the bottom end of the reserved groove 111 is 10 to 20 times of the width d of the expansion joint body 11, so as to ensure that the polyurethane foam layer 23 has enough margin to change with the change of the expansion joint body 11.
In conclusion, the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the water content in the protective structure is reduced by adopting the hydrophobic polyurethane to prepare the polyurethane foam layer, the internal icing phenomenon of the protective structure in winter is avoided, and the high deformation and low stress in winter are kept, so that the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure has the advantages of frost crack resistance and stripping resistance, and is more suitable for cold climate;
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the plane connecting part of the waterproof surface layer is bonded on the substrate, so that the polyurethane foam layer is effectively limited on the substrate, and the condition that the lap joint part is cracked or torn due to the fact that a fastener which is easy to damage is used for connection is avoided, and the service life of the protection structure is effectively prolonged;
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the outer surface of the protective structure is a smooth and flat structure, so that water retention can be reduced, the anti-seepage effect is good, plastic sealing can be better protected, the adhesion of ice is reduced on the elastic surface, and the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure has good ice-pulling resistance when used in winter;
according to the concrete panel dam expansion joint structure, the connection strength between the two adjacent polyurea layers is increased through the grid cloth layers, the deformation stress is reduced, the connection between the two adjacent polyurea layers is not easy to crack, and the service life of the composite polyurea layer is guaranteed.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on operational states of the present application, and are only used for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that the term "connected" is to be understood in a broad sense unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The present application has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are merely exemplary and merely illustrative. On the basis of the above, the present application can be subjected to various substitutions and improvements, and the substitutions and the improvements are all within the protection scope of the present application.