CN114158564A - Method for controlling content of vomitoxin aiming at diseased wheat - Google Patents

Method for controlling content of vomitoxin aiming at diseased wheat Download PDF

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CN114158564A
CN114158564A CN202111516573.6A CN202111516573A CN114158564A CN 114158564 A CN114158564 A CN 114158564A CN 202111516573 A CN202111516573 A CN 202111516573A CN 114158564 A CN114158564 A CN 114158564A
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wheat
pesticide
vomitoxin
spraying
controlling
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许燎原
周华光
顾国伟
翟婧
胡宇峰
吴水祥
冯新军
张晓萌
狄蕊
吴降星
王笑
孙莲
周颖杰
徐抗冬
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NINGBO AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION MASTER STATION
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
    • A01N47/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing >N—S—C≡(Hal)3 groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/32—Ingredients for reducing the noxious effect of the active substances to organisms other than pests, e.g. toxicity reducing compositions, self-destructing compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/32—Yeast

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Abstract

A method for controlling vomitoxin content of diseased wheat comprises adopting compound pesticide, and spraying medicinal liquid to wheat head part opposite to wheat head part with gibberellic disease in the wax ripening period; and spraying the yeast suspension to the ear part after pesticide treatment, wherein the spraying time of the yeast suspension is preferably the third day after the pesticide is sprayed to the wheat. The effective component of the yeast suspension is sprayed 35 g/mu to 45 g/mu. Harvesting after the wheat is mature; and (4) storing until pesticide spraying residues meet the GB2763 standard. The method adopts widely used pesticide to treat the wheat which has scab, and the pesticide is sprayed in the wax ripeness stage of the wheat to reduce vomitoxin; spraying yeast on wheat before harvesting reduces vomitoxin and simultaneously consumes pesticide residue; the increase of the DON content during the storage period can be avoided; the double treatment of pesticide and yeast not only reduces the DON content, but also reduces the pesticide residue.

Description

Method for controlling content of vomitoxin aiming at diseased wheat
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a treatment method for overproof wheat vomitoxin after disease occurrence.
Background
Scab is one of the most prominent diseases in wheat production, and accounts for about 50% in retransmission years. The origin of the gibberellic disease is that fusarium invades wheat grains to cause wheat yield reduction, and various mycotoxins are generated in the wheat grains to cause serious quality reduction of the wheat and harm to the quality safety of the wheat and products thereof. Among them, Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is vomitoxin, is one of the mycotoxins with the highest detection rate and the most serious harm in wheat. Vomitoxin seriously threatens the health of human beings and animals, and the grain station also takes the content of the vomitoxin in grain crops as an important index for grain harvest.
At present, a prevention method is adopted in wheat production, namely vomitoxin is controlled by reducing the occurrence of gibberellic disease, and the wheat gibberellic disease is prevented and controlled in the flowering period. Related papers are searched, and the ' control effect of several compound bactericides on wheat scab and DON toxin pollution ' related in the article (Hou crown, and the like, agricultural disaster research, 2019, 9 (6): 3-5) ' at 80% of wheat heading, the 1 st pesticide application at the initial stage of flower raising and the 2 nd pesticide application at the interval of about 7 days are carried out. "
The effects of different bactericides and compound preparations thereof on the prevention and treatment of wheat scab and vomitoxin (Yixian et al, academic report of wheat crops, 2020, 40 (10): 1275-.
The bactericide pesticide is generally used in the early growth stage of crops and before disease attack, and has the main effect of preventing or controlling diseases. However, if the measures for preventing and controlling wheat scab fail, fusarium invades the wheat, and the occurrence of the scab is caused. Wheat can not immediately show a morbid state after fusarium infection, and the color of particles is not changed; when the wheat is in a disease state, the wheat enters a later growth stage, fusarium in the wheat grains is generally generated in a red brown color in a wax stage, the vomitoxin of a metabolite exceeds the standard, the grain station cannot collect the grains, so that the vomitoxin is generated in a large amount, and no good method is provided for treating the vomitoxin after the prevention and treatment are invalid at present. Wheat with excessive vomitoxin can also cause livestock poisoning if being used for feeding livestock, and people mix the wheat into normal wheat for selling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling vomitoxin content aiming at diseased wheat, aiming at solving the problem that vomitoxin exceeds standard when wheat scab is diseased.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for controlling vomitoxin content aiming at diseased wheat comprises the following steps that A, compound pesticide is adopted, and the compound pesticide is 36% of captan, metconazole or 45% of tebuconazole, prochloraz or 48% of cyanoene, tebuconazole or 40% of pentoxazole, carbendazim and is diluted for the second time to form liquid medicine; b, spraying liquid medicine to the part of wheat, which is opposite to the wheat head and has gibberellic disease, in a wax ripening period; and spraying the yeast suspension to the ear part after pesticide treatment, wherein the spraying time of the yeast suspension is preferably the third day after the pesticide is sprayed to the wheat. The effective component of the yeast suspension is sprayed 35 g/mu to 45 g/mu. Spraying water mist to the sprayed wheat the next day after spraying the yeast suspension to prolong the action time of the yeast. C, harvesting the wheat after the wheat is mature; d, storing the harvested wheat until pesticide spraying residues meet the GB2763 standard.
Preferably, the compound pesticide adopts 45% of tebuconazole and prochloraz aqueous emulsion, and the using amount of the compound pesticide is 50ml per mu; the 45 percent tebuconazole-prochloraz aqueous emulsion is prepared into 30L of liquid medicine to be sprayed for 1 mu by adopting secondary dilution every 50 ml.
Preferably, the wheat is harvested 2 to 5 days after maturation.
As preferred, still including tectorial membrane heat preservation processing, a plurality of long banding membranes of adoption, rectangular dress membrane both sides are equipped with a plurality of perforation, wear to be equipped with the tractive steel wire in the perforation, still including the stand that is located both ends, the stand is fixed and is gone up the upper end in the field and adopt to draw further fixed to one side, still includes the support column at middle part, the support column upper end is equipped with the fixed part of fixed tractive steel wire, and the long banding membrane that is located the side directly keeps warm to the side with ground contact, and both ends extend flagging and ground contact and seal to both ends.
The invention adopts the wax ripeness stage for spraying, so that fusarium can be quickly killed, and vomitoxin can be reduced. The saccharomycetes is adopted to act on the wheat with fusarium killed so as to decompose vomitoxin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the wheat which has scab is treated by adopting widely used pesticide, and is sprayed in the wax ripeness stage of the wheat, so that the reduction of vomitoxin is realized; 2. spraying yeast on wheat before harvesting reduces vomitoxin and simultaneously consumes pesticide residue; 3. experiments show that the storage temperature is related to the content of DON, the DON content is increased due to the fact that the DON content is not well stored in 'model research on generation and accumulation prediction of vomitoxin in the storage stage of wheat' (the seventeenth annual meeting of the Chinese food science and technology institute, the Uracaceae and the like), and the DON content can be prevented from being increased in the storage period by adopting the scheme; the double treatment of pesticide and yeast not only reduces the DON content, but also accelerates the decomposition of the pesticide.
The wheat is treated by widely used pesticide and common yeast, which is beneficial to the technical popularization. The invention effectively solves the problem of vomitoxin of diseased wheat, and compared with the previous disease prevention measures, the invention has the main differences that: 1. the conventional use time of bactericide pesticides has been broken through, and the bactericide pesticides are used after the onset of disease. There is a substantial difference between the two. 2. The control measures of the related vomitoxin searched in the previous papers are all advanced preventive measures; the measures related to the invention are effective remedial measures for the disease failure control after the failure and the invalidation of the preposed preventive measures. Through remedial measures, the vomitoxin of wheat which is originally diseased and moldy is controlled, the quality is safer, and the wheat is possible to be recovered and utilized. Effectively supplying wheat and promoting grain safety.
The invention adopts a novel film covering method to be repeatedly utilized, effectively reduces the use cost, can improve the yeast activity time after being used and improves the treatment efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the coating film of the present invention.
Wherein 1, a strip film; 2. perforating; 3. drawing the steel wire; 4. a column; 5. and (4) a support column.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a method for controlling vomitoxin content aiming at diseased wheat comprises the following steps that A, compound pesticide is adopted, 45% tebuconazole and prochloraz aqueous emulsion is adopted as the compound pesticide, and the using amount of the compound pesticide is 50ml per mu; and spraying 30L of liquid medicine for 1 mu by adopting secondary dilution; b, spraying liquid medicine to the part of wheat, which is opposite to the wheat head and has gibberellic disease, in a wax ripening period; c, harvesting the wheat after the wheat is mature; d, storing the harvested wheat until pesticide spraying residues meet the GB2763 standard. The 45% tebuconazole-prochloraz aqueous emulsion in the embodiment has good control effect:
test tests in two regions: the test results are shown in table 1:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
and (3) inspection results of the area A: after the experiment of the tebuconazole-prochloraz group, the detected DON content is 621 mu g/kg, 630 mu g/kg and 617 mu g/kg respectively; the mean value is 622.6667 mu g/kg, which is lower than 1000 mu g/kg; carrying out comparative detection on the DON contents of 1740 mu g/kg, 1390 mu g/kg and 1740 mu g/kg by adopting the cyantraniliprole and hexaconazole in the same proportion; the average value is 1623.3333 mug/kg, the DON content detected by a control group is 1060 mug/kg, 1080 mug/kg and 1070 mug/kg, and the average value is 1070 mug/kg.
And (3) testing results of the region B: the DON detection values of tebuconazole-prochloraz groups are 1180 mu g/kg, 1190 mu g/kg and 1180 mu g/kg, the mean value is 1183.3334 mu g/kg, and the DON detection values of the cyhalothrin-hexaconazole groups are 2530 mu g/kg, 2530 mu g/kg and 2530 mu g/kg; 1390. mu.g/kg of the control group, 1370. mu.g/kg of the control group, and 1363.3333. mu.g/kg of the control group with the mean 1330. mu.g/kg of the control group. DON was also significantly reduced in region B compared to the control group, although still above 1000. mu.g/kg.
Example 2: a method for controlling vomitoxin content aiming at diseased wheat comprises the following steps that A, compound pesticide is adopted, and the compound pesticide is 36% of captan, metconazole or 45% of tebuconazole, prochloraz or 48% of cyanoene, tebuconazole or 40% of pentoxazole, carbendazim and is diluted for the second time to form liquid medicine; b, spraying liquid medicine to the part of wheat, which is opposite to the wheat head and has gibberellic disease, in a wax ripening period; c, harvesting the wheat after the wheat is mature; d, storing the harvested wheat until pesticide spraying residues meet the GB2763 standard. According to different gibberellin tolerance conditions of wheat in different regions, a pesticide with better conventional prevention and control conditions can be selected from the compound pesticides for operation. For example, tebuconazole and carbendazim are conventionally used for control in certain areas, and other compound pesticides such as tebuconazole and prochloraz are used for treatment after control fails.
Example 3: the embodiment is a further improvement of embodiment 1, and the yeast has better vomitoxin and pesticide residue degradation effects on the basis of embodiment 1. A method for reducing vomitoxin content of diseased wheat comprises the following steps that A, compound pesticide is adopted, 45% tebuconazole and prochloraz aqueous emulsion is adopted as the compound pesticide, and the using amount of the compound pesticide is 50ml per mu; and spraying 30L of liquid medicine for 1 mu by adopting secondary dilution; b, spraying liquid medicine to the part of wheat, which is opposite to the wheat head and has gibberellic disease, in a wax ripening period; the 45% tebuconazole-prochloraz aqueous emulsion in the embodiment has good control effect: and spraying the yeast suspension liquid to the ear part after the interval, wherein the spraying time of the yeast suspension liquid is preferably the third day after the spraying of the wheat suspension liquid. The effective component of the yeast suspension is sprayed 35 g/mu to 45 g/mu. In the embodiment, the action time of the saccharomycetes is prolonged by applying water spray to wheat to improve the activity of the saccharomycetes and increase the effect of the saccharomycetes. Harvesting the wheat after 2-5 days of delay after the wheat is mature. The degradation rate of the pesticide in the field is higher than the natural degradation rate of the harvested warehouse, so that the pesticide residue is further reduced after the harvest.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the efficiency of yeast, a culture-selected bacterial species specifically decomposing vomitoxin may be preferably selected. And (4) storing the harvested wheat until pesticide spraying residues meet the GB2763 standard.
Example 4
The embodiment is an improvement of the embodiment 3, and the wheat is covered with a film and kept warm after yeast is sprayed, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃. The temperature of the wheat planted in the greenhouse film can be directly controlled at 20-30 ℃. Adopt a plurality of rectangular form membrane 1, rectangular form membrane 1 both sides are equipped with a plurality of perforation 2, wear to be equipped with tractive steel wire 3 in the perforation 2, still including the stand 4 that is located both ends, stand 4 is fixed and is adopted to draw further fixed to one side in the field upper end, still includes the support column 5 at middle part, 5 upper ends of support column are equipped with the through-hole of fixed tractive steel wire, and support column 5 wears to establish on the tractive steel wire, and rectangular form membrane 1 that is located the side directly keeps warm to the side with ground contact, and both ends extend flagging and ground contact are sealed to both ends. The greenhouse film which is simply installed can be quickly assembled and disassembled and can be repeatedly used.

Claims (9)

1. A method for controlling the content of vomitoxin aiming at diseased wheat is characterized in that:
comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
a adopts compound pesticide and adopts secondary dilution to form liquid medicine;
b, in the wax ripening period, the part of wheat which has scab and is right opposite to the wheat head is sprayed with liquid medicine;
c, harvesting the wheat after the wheat is mature;
d, storing the harvested wheat until pesticide spraying residues meet the GB2763 standard.
2. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound pesticide in the step A is captan-metconazole or tebuconazole-prochloraz or cyanoene-tebuconazole or pentoxazole-carbendazim.
3. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound pesticide is a liquid medicine formed by carrying out secondary dilution on captan, metconazole or 45% tebuconazole, prochloraz or 48% cyanogen, tebuconazole or 40% pentoxazole and carbendazim with the concentration of 36%.
4. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the compound pesticide adopts 45% of tebuconazole and prochloraz aqueous emulsion, and the using amount of the compound pesticide is 50ml per mu; the 45 percent tebuconazole-prochloraz aqueous emulsion is prepared into 30L of liquid medicine to be sprayed for 1 mu by adopting secondary dilution every 50 ml.
5. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and C, spraying a yeast suspension to the wheat ear part after pesticide treatment, wherein the spraying time of the yeast suspension is preferably the third day after the pesticide is sprayed to the wheat.
6. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the effective component of the yeast suspension is sprayed 35 g/mu to 45 g/mu.
7. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: spraying water mist to the sprayed wheat the next day after spraying the yeast suspension to prolong the action time of the yeast.
8. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: harvesting the wheat after 2-5 days of delay after the wheat is mature.
9. The method of controlling vomitoxin content in diseased wheat according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: still including tectorial membrane heat preservation, a plurality of long form membrane (1) of adoption, rectangular dress membrane both sides are equipped with a plurality of perforation (2), wear to be equipped with tractive steel wire (3) in perforation (2), still including stand (4) that are located both ends, stand (4) are fixed and are adopted to draw to one side to further fix in the upper end on the field, still include support column (5) at middle part, support column (5) upper end is equipped with the through-hole of fixed tractive steel wire (3), and support column (5) are worn to establish on tractive steel wire (3), and long form membrane (1) that are located the side directly keeps warm to the side with ground contact, and both ends extend flagging and ground contact are sealed to both ends.
CN202111516573.6A 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Method for controlling content of vomitoxin aiming at diseased wheat Pending CN114158564A (en)

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CN116114703A (en) * 2022-11-18 2023-05-16 江苏生久农化有限公司 Compound agent for preventing and treating mulberry red rust and preparation method thereof

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