CN1142811A - 用水滑石处理废水 - Google Patents

用水滑石处理废水 Download PDF

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CN1142811A
CN1142811A CN94194983.4A CN94194983A CN1142811A CN 1142811 A CN1142811 A CN 1142811A CN 94194983 A CN94194983 A CN 94194983A CN 1142811 A CN1142811 A CN 1142811A
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hydrotalcite
treatment
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M·韦布
R·T·沃利
K·R·F·科凯特
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Ineos Silicas Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/024—Compounds of Zn, Cd, Hg
    • B01J20/0244—Compounds of Zn
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/045—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing sulfur, e.g. sulfates, thiosulfates, gypsum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/046—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing halogens, e.g. halides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
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Abstract

含有残余染料的废水与有效量的水滑石类材料以及有效量的镁盐或镁盐混合物接触，水滑石类材料对镁盐的重量比(干基)为20∶1-15∶20的范围。残余的染料可从废水中除去。

Description

用水滑石处理废水
                           发明领域
本发明涉及废水处理。本发明尤其涉及一种新吸附剂及其在从废水中去除残余染料的方法中的应用。
                            发明背景
印染工业如纺织业，造纸业及皮革业，均产生含有需要去除的残余染料的废水。
从欧洲专利申请9191139.3已知，水滑石类材料(hydrotalcite likematerials)可用于吸附色料至较低水平。
任何废水处理均以处理大体积废水为其特征。为使大量废水的处理在经济上可行，需要一种能减小吸附剂用量的方法。
因此，有一种需求，开发一种能快速除去废水中残余染料的方法，以符合共同认可的标准和有时可允许处理水的部分或全部再利用，同时又能减少吸附剂的用量。
现已发现，调节pH可以显著提高这种吸附剂的效力。
现在还已发现，向水滑石类材料中添加镁盐可以发生协同效应，使所用的水滑石类材料比原来更有效。定义和试验i)水滑石类材料水滑石类材料可理解为可用下式表示的一种产品。
               Mk+mNn+p(OH)2Az y-x.H2O
其中，
M是任何1+或2+阳离子及其组合
N是任何3+或4+阳离子及其组合
k是1+阳离子单个摩尔分数之和
m是2+阳离子单个摩尔分数之和
n是3+阳离子单个摩尔分数之和
p是4+阳离子单个摩尔分数之和
且k或m(而不是两者同时)可为零，和n或p(而不是两者同时)可为零，以及k+m+n+p＝1。
Az y-是电荷为y-和摩尔分数为z的任何阴离子，或相同或不同y-的阴离子的组合，和k+2m+3n+4p-2-zy＝0和x的范围在1-100。
上式中阳离子M的例子有Li、Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Sn2+、Ca2+、Sr2+。适宜的阳离子N包括：Al3+、Fe3+、Ti4+和Sn4+。
优选的二价阳离子是Zn2+、Cu2+或Mg2+或这些离子的组合，或与其它二价阳离子的组合。
阴离子A可以是无机或有机阴离子。
优选的无机阴离子A是Cl-、NO3 -、SO4 2-、CO3 2-和OH-。有机阴离子的例子是羧酸根离子，如柠檬酸和硬脂酸。
本发明所使用的水滑石类材料是
       -Zn16Al2(OH)36(Cl2)xH2O
       -Mg6Al2(OH)16(NO3)2xH2O
       -Cu16Al2(OH)36(Cl2)xH2O
水滑石类化合物的制备是已知的，和在许多公开发表物中都有介绍。发表物包括：
Solid State Ionics 22(1986)p 135-141，其中发表了Walter.T.Reichle题为“Synthesis of Anionic Clay Minerals(MixedMetal Hydroxides，Hydrotalcite)”的论文和
Chemtech(January 1986)p 58-63，其中也发表了Walter.T.Reichle题为“Anionic Clay Minerals”的论文。ii)能力(Capacity)
为度量吸附剂吸附染料的能力，测量了处理前的光吸收(A0)和处理后的光吸收(A1)，和其吸附能力可定义为能力＝100*(1-A1/A0)
                            发明概述
本发明的第一目的是，提供一个从废水中去除残余染料的方法，此方法包括：先使待处理的废水的pH值降低至4-5.5，然后向待处理废水中加入有效量的水滑石类材料和pH值再升至大于7。
通过先降低pH和然后再调至碱性，该吸附剂吸附染料的能力已发现可得到提高。
优选地，水滑石类材料是下式所示的产品：
                            Mk+mNn+p(OH)3A2 y-x.H2O
其中M是Mg，和N是Al(Mg/Al水滑石)。
另外还发现，在降低pH之后和再升高之前，向水滑石材料中加入锌盐或镁盐，可以进一步提高对染料的吸附。
本发明的第二目的是，提供一种新的吸附剂，此吸附剂包含(干基)：
5-95％(重)的水滑石类材料，
5-95％(重)的金属盐，该金属盐选自：镁盐，锌盐及其混合物。
优选地，水滑石/镁盐的重量比(干基)为20∶1-1∶20，更优选为10∶1-1∶10和最优选为3∶1-1∶3。
已发现如MgCl2和MgSO4的镁盐最为有用。
                            发明的具体描述
本发明将参照图1-3按下述实例进一步阐述。图1-3代表可表明用吸附剂处理前后水相的染料含量的UV可见光吸收。实例1
向1升水中加入0.2克下述染料来制成染料贮液。
四胺兰FGC
汽巴猩红F-3G
普施安甸子兰HA
普施安红HE3B
Sumifix Supra兰BRF
Remazol Turquoise兰G133
Levafix Brilliant兰E8
Direct红80
向染料贮液中加入苛性钠使贮液pH升至12，然后在90℃搅拌30分钟。这是为保证染料的水解，因而更接近于模拟一个真正的废水。向950毫升水中加入50毫升浓的染料溶液，而制成待处理的染料溶液。
每种情况下均使用相同的方法进行三种处理。方法1.取1升稀释的染料溶液。2.加入HCl降低pH至5.0。3.加入吸附剂。4.在30℃下搅拌20分钟。5.加入苛性钠使pH升至10.0。6.加入1毫升0.1％的相近胶体Magnafloc 1011溶液(它的作用是有助于分离的凝结剂)。7.搅拌1分钟，然后静置。8.通过0.45微米的硝酸纤维滤器过滤得到10毫升样品上清液。9.在一台Perkin-Elmer分光光度计上测量在400-700nm处的光吸收。
在上述方法的第3步加入的吸附剂体系，三种处理不同，是按下述而变化：第1种处理：加入0.1克水滑石类材料(以商标名称为Macrosorb CT100从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington U.K.，购得)。第2种处理：加入0.5克氯化镁六水合物。第3种处理：加入0.05克Macrosorb CT100(从上述同一公司以Macrosorb CT100商标购到)和0.25克氯化镁六水合物。
发现第3种处理比第1种或第2种处理要好，这表明当使用一半剂量的Macrosorb/氯化镁而不是使用每一单个吸附剂的全剂量时，有最佳协同作用。
图1证明在氯化镁和水滑石材料之间有协同效应。实例2
在本例中重复实例1的程序，评价了水滑石/MgCl2比值的影响，水滑石和MgCl2的总重量保持不变和测量了吸附能力。
下表为本例的评价结果
    水滑石(重量份数) MgCl2，6H2O(重量份数)   吸附能力
  10   90   17
  25   75   19
  40   60   22
  50   50   23
  75   25   25
实例3
重复实例1的程序，只是将pH降至4而不是降至5。发现吸附能力从25增加至30。实例4
在pH2完全溶解吸附剂和然后使pH再升至10，全部除去染料，在此情况下吸附能力几乎是100。实例5
按实例1制备染料贮液，只是向1升水中加入下列各染料每种0.4克：
四胺兰FGC
汽巴猩红F-3G
Remazol Turquoise兰G133
Levafix Brilliant兰E-8
Ramazol红RB
方法与实例1相同，只是在方法的第3步各种处理分别加入下列吸附剂：第1种处理：0.2克水滑石类材料(商标各称为Macrosorb CT2000，从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)。第2种处理：0.2克氯化镁六水合物。第3种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.1克氯化镁。第4种处理：0.2克硫酸铝十六水合物。第5种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.1克硫酸铝。第6种处理：0.2克硫酸亚铁七水合物。第7种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.1克硫酸亚铁。第8种处理：0.2克硫酸铁六水合物。第9种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.1克硫酸铁。第10种处理：0.2克氯化钙。第11种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.1克氯化钙。第12种处理：0.2克氯化锌六水合物。第13种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Joseph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.1克氯化锌。
只有在氯化镁的情况下才发现在400-700nm的全部波长内有协同作用，在图2.1和2.2中披露了这种协同效应，在大约570nm以上的波长，锌、铝和铁(III)呈现了协同效应。铁II和钙则未表现出协同效应。实例6
重复实例1的通用程序，只是在加入吸附剂之后将pH升至7.5。
第1次试验中加入的吸附剂是0.05克的水滑石类材料(CT100)和0.25克MgCl2。结果吸附能力为24。
第二次试验中，加入的吸附剂是0.05克的水滑石类材(CT100)和0.25克ZnCl2。结果吸附能力为45。
因此，用ZnCl2代替MgCl2可明显提高吸附容量，同时附加的优点是由于pH仅升至7.5只要最少量的苛性钠就够了。与实例5第13种处理相比的区别是，前者pH升至10这就导致ZnCl2的完全溶解。这就是为什么在使用ZnCl2时要把pH保持在7.5和8.5之间。实例7
染料溶液和所用方法是和实例5相同，只是在方法的第三步每个处理分别加入如下的吸附剂。第1种处理：0.1克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Josenph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.处购得)，和0.1克硫酸镁(比值＝1∶1)。第2种处理：0.05克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Josenph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.处购得)，和0.15克硫酸镁(比值＝1∶3)。第3种处理：0.15克水滑石类材料(商标名称为Macrosorb CT2000M，从Josenph Crosfield & Sons，Warrington，U.K.购得)，和0.05克硫酸镁(比值＝3∶1)。
第一种处理的结果是与硫酸镁有协同效应，因而证明使用镁盐是本发明的要素。
第二种和第3种处理的结果是，对于水滑石类材料与镁盐的其它比值也观察到协同效应。
图3汇总了这些结果。

Claims (8)

1.从废水中去除残余染料的方法，其中先将待处理废水的pH降至4-5.5之间，然后向待处理废水中加入有效量的水滑石类材料，和pH再升至大于7。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中在降低pH之后和再升pH之前向待处理的废水中加入金属盐，此金属盐选自：镁盐，锌盐，及它们的混合物。
3.权利要求2的方法，其中加入ZnCl2和然后将pH升至7.5-8.5之间。
4.权利要求2的方法，其中加入镁盐和然后将pH升至至少为9。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中水滑石类材料对镁盐的重量比为20∶1-1∶20(干基)。
6.吸附剂，此吸附剂含有：5-95％(重量)的水滑石类材料(干基)和5-95％(重量)的金属盐(干基)，此金属盐选自镁盐，锌盐及它们的混合物。
7.权利要求6的吸附剂，其中镁盐选自MgCl2和MgSO4。
8.权利要求6的吸附剂，其中锌盐是ZnCl2。
CN94194983.4A 1993-12-23 1994-12-15 用水滑石处理废水 Pending CN1142811A (zh)

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GB9326302.8 1993-12-23

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CN1109470C (zh) * 1998-02-17 2003-05-21 三星电子株式会社 码分多址网络中优化移动交换中心间硬切换的方法
CN100337916C (zh) * 1998-12-01 2007-09-19 协和化学工业株式会社 水滑石类化合物和其制法以及含该化合物的农用薄膜
CN100348535C (zh) * 2005-07-27 2007-11-14 浙江工业大学 锌镁铝三元水滑石的焙烧物用于吸附水体中的六价铬
CN100473607C (zh) * 1999-10-18 2009-04-01 协和化学工业株式会社 多孔质水滑石化合物
CN101381330B (zh) * 2008-09-05 2012-08-22 浙江工业大学 镁铝二元水滑石的焙烧产物在吸附处理萘酚绿b中的应用
CN102674512A (zh) * 2012-05-02 2012-09-19 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 用于处理阴离子染料废水的复合絮凝剂及其制备方法

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US20070289072A1 (en) * 2000-12-18 2007-12-20 Vilmax S.A.C.I.F.I.A. New anionic coloring agents to dye leather, paper, cardboard and textile substrates: mixtures of coloring agents including these new products, and substrates dyed using the above coloring agents
AR027004A1 (es) * 2000-12-18 2003-03-12 Vilmax S A C I F I A Nuevos colorantes anionicos para el tenido de cuero, papel, caton y sustratos textiles; mezclas de colorantes que incluyen estos nuevos productos ysustratos tenidos utilizando los colorantes mencionados.
US9540631B1 (en) * 2004-09-14 2017-01-10 Peter T. Pugliese Immobilized glucose oxidase for use in oral hygiene
BRPI1003664A2 (pt) * 2010-05-05 2012-02-07 Unicamp processos de tratamento de efluentes contendo fragmentos de carbono carboxilados provenientes de nanotubos de carbono
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US4752397A (en) * 1986-06-30 1988-06-21 Aluminum Company Of America Process for removing heavy metal ions from solutions using adsorbents containing activated hydrotalcite
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1109470C (zh) * 1998-02-17 2003-05-21 三星电子株式会社 码分多址网络中优化移动交换中心间硬切换的方法
CN100337916C (zh) * 1998-12-01 2007-09-19 协和化学工业株式会社 水滑石类化合物和其制法以及含该化合物的农用薄膜
CN100473607C (zh) * 1999-10-18 2009-04-01 协和化学工业株式会社 多孔质水滑石化合物
CN100348535C (zh) * 2005-07-27 2007-11-14 浙江工业大学 锌镁铝三元水滑石的焙烧物用于吸附水体中的六价铬
CN101381330B (zh) * 2008-09-05 2012-08-22 浙江工业大学 镁铝二元水滑石的焙烧产物在吸附处理萘酚绿b中的应用
CN102674512A (zh) * 2012-05-02 2012-09-19 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 用于处理阴离子染料废水的复合絮凝剂及其制备方法
CN102674512B (zh) * 2012-05-02 2015-01-21 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 用于处理阴离子染料废水的复合絮凝剂及其制备方法

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GB9326302D0 (en) 1994-02-23
ES2105883T3 (es) 1997-10-16
DE69403815T2 (de) 1997-12-18
EP0735985B1 (en) 1997-06-11
US5846430A (en) 1998-12-08
BR9408367A (pt) 1997-08-26
EP0735985A1 (en) 1996-10-09
DE69403815D1 (de) 1997-07-17
AU1315195A (en) 1995-07-10
ATE154336T1 (de) 1997-06-15
JPH09506819A (ja) 1997-07-08

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