CN115919829A - 用于治疗自闭症谱系障碍和其他抑郁综合症的n-棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和二十二碳六烯酸 - Google Patents
用于治疗自闭症谱系障碍和其他抑郁综合症的n-棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和二十二碳六烯酸 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及N‑棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA)联合二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在治疗自闭症谱系障碍和其他抑郁综合征中的用途。具体而言,本发明涉及N‑棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA)联合二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在治疗以内源性别孕烯醇酮水平下降为特征的疾病中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及N-棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA)联合二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在治疗自闭症谱系障碍和其他抑郁综合征中的用途。
背景技术
自闭症谱系障碍(Autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一种多因素病因导致的神经发育障碍,表现为社交互动、语言和非语言交流、活动和兴趣受损(由美国精神病学协会定义)。其症状在特定事件后的前3年内开始出现,早期诊断对能够充分干预各受损部位非常重要。
模式化的思想是ASD的主要诊断特征之一,可以包括自我刺激和自我伤害行为、兴奋、刺激、压力、焦虑、无聊、疲劳和社交孤立。
虽然原因尚不清楚,但ASD的出现也由于抑制性突触和兴奋性突触之间的不平衡,以及负责非神经元细胞活化和病理性增殖的神经炎症,所述非神经元细胞通过释放自闭症患者大脑和脑脊液中的细胞因子(IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α)和促炎趋化因子(MCP-1和RANTES),加剧神经炎症过程。
进一步了解到,一类称为神经类固醇的内源性激素与ASD相关:最重要的是别孕烯醇酮(ALLO),它是孕酮的强效代谢物,也是由5α-还原酶1型酶和3α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶合成的GABAA受体的调节剂。ALLO具有抗抑郁、抗焦虑、抗应激、镇静、抗攻击和镇痛的特性,并防止促炎细胞因子例如参与多种神经炎症疾病的NFkB、HMGB1、MCP-1和TNF-a的形成和释放。
ASD患者血浆和脑ALLO水平的降低与自闭症症状的严重程度密切相关。
已被批准并施用于ASD患者的药物是利培酮和哌甲酯,这两种药物虽然对治疗自闭症症状有用,但对神经炎症的调节和内源性ALLO水平的增加没有作用。
在精神疾病例如重度抑郁症(MDD)、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、尤其是产后抑郁症中也发现了内源性ALLO水平的急剧下降。
直到2019年,被称为Brexanolone的ALLO才以ZulressoTM的名称在美国上市,作为一种施用时间超过2.5天的静脉输液。ZulressoTM是第一个获得FDA(联邦药物管理局)批准专用于治疗产后抑郁症的药物。2016年,在Brexanolone在欧洲上市之前,EMA将其纳入了一项研究计划。
尽管ZulressoTM被宣布为一种有效且安全的药物,但由于在60小时施用期间存在过度镇静、突然失去意识或头晕的风险,因此只能在经过认证的医疗机构中施用。
迄今为止,尚无将ALLO作为自闭症患者的疗法的临床研究:因此,确定一种易于口服施用、安全且长期无明显副作用并且能够使内源性ALLO水平正常化的抗神经炎症治疗具有相当重要的意义。
调节神经炎症的天然机制是内源性分子棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA)。在临床前和临床环境中,PEA的施用,尤其当以超微粉化形式(PEA-um)的施用,能够确定神经炎症正常化活动;特别是,已经证明PEA-um能够显著亚调节具有类似自闭症表型的小鼠的一般神经炎症状态,降低促炎性海马和血清细胞因子IL-6、IL-1b和TNF-a的表达并调节改变的行为状态。临床上,对自闭症儿童使用PEA-um 600mg/天进行为期3个月的治疗可改善攻击性、认知和行为技能以及沟通,而不会产生不良影响。
DHA(C22:6n-3)是体内最丰富的长链多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)之一。它是所有细胞膜(包括神经系统的细胞)的基本组成部分。其减少会引发神经组织功能障碍,对学习和行为过程产生负面影响,并加重自闭症。
已经通过以高剂量(通常大于每天1g)施用PUFA(通常是EPA和DHA的混合物)在患有ASD的患者中进行了临床试验,但结果很差且不显著。
因此,需要提供有效、非侵入性和安全的ASD疗法,并且如果可能的话,不需要施用高剂量的活性物质。事实上,考虑到这种疗法主要针对儿童群体,重复施用和/或以大剂量形式(例如,用于口服施用高剂量活性成分的大片剂)施用很难被患者接受。
发明内容
本发明源于棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA)(优选以超微粉化形式使用时)在与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)联合施用时在改善自闭症受试者的行为参数和提高内源性别孕烯醇酮(ALLO)水平方面表现出协同相关的效果这一令人惊讶的发现。
因此,本发明涉及用于治疗自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺与二十二碳六烯酸联合施用,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的或同时的。
本发明进一步涉及包含棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和二十二碳六烯酸的组合物,特别是用于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的治疗时。
本发明还涉及用于治疗以降低的内源性别孕烯醇酮水平为特征的疾病的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺与二十二碳六烯酸联合施用,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的或同时的。
如在所附权利要求中概述的这些和进一步的目的将在以下说明书中进行描述。权利要求的文本应被考虑到包含在说明书中以评估说明书的充分性。
本发明的其他特征和优点将从以下通过非限制性示例给出的优选实施方案的描述中变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1显示了超微粉化形式的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA-um)的粒度分布图;
图2显示了与DHA联合的PEA-um的协同作用对BTBR小鼠重复性/强迫性行为的影响。(A)15分钟内埋藏的弹珠数量;(B)C57和BTBR小鼠自我梳理所花费的时间。所有值均记录为每组8只动物的平均值±SEM。****与C57 CTR相比,p<0.0001;#与BTBR CTR相比,p<0.05;##与BTBR CTR相比,p<0.01;
图3显示了所有治疗对小鼠社交能力的影响。(A)C57小鼠在空房间或小鼠占据的房间里度过的时间;(B)对BTBR小鼠的相同评估:只有用PEA+DHA治疗才能提高小鼠的社交能力。所有值均记录为每组8只动物的平均值±SEM。*与C57 CTR相比,p<0.05;**与C57 CTR相比,p<0.01;***与C57 CTR相比,p<0.001;****与C57 CTR相比,p<0.0001;
图4显示了PEA-um和DHA之间协同的神经类固醇生成作用。与DHA联合的PEA-um增加了BTBR小鼠的血浆ALLO水平。PEA+DHA没有增加C57小鼠的血浆ALLO水平。所有值均记录为每组8只动物的平均值±SEM。**与C57 CTR相比,p<0.01;(#)与BTBR CTR相比,p<0.05。
具体实施方式
本发明在第一方面涉及用于治疗自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(PEA),其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)联合施用,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的或同时的。
术语“联合”是指联合疗法和其中PEA和DHA包含在单一剂型中的疗法。
“分开”施用是指以分开的剂型施用PEA和DHA,在1分钟至数小时范围内的不同时间施用,例如相隔8、12或14小时。
“组合”施用是指包含在单一剂型中的PEA和DHA的施用,即药物或兽医组合物或制剂、补充剂、膳食组合物或特殊医学用途食品。
“同时”施用是指以分开的剂型施用PEA和DHA,但同时施用,即在PEA和DHA施用之间的间隔时间内(或反之亦然)不超过1分钟。
棕榈酰乙醇酰胺可以任何形式施用,例如以非微粉化形式、微粉化形式或超微粉化形式。
术语“非微粉化形式的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(或PEA)”是指具有粒度分布的PEA,其以体积百分比定义并用激光光散射法测量,由模式在10微米以上、优选在20微米以上的分布曲线表示。
术语“微粉化形式的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(或PEA)”是指具有粒度分布的PEA,其以体积百分比定义并用激光光散射法测量,由模式在6微米和10微米之间的分布曲线表示。
术语“超微粉化形式的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺(或PEA)”是指具有粒度分布的PEA,其以体积百分比定义并用激光光散射法测量,由模式在6微米以下和0.5微米以上的分布曲线表示。
优选地,PEA为超微粉化形式。
在一个实施方案中,超微粉化形式的PEA具有如上定义的粒度分布,采用Fraunhofer计算算法用Malvern Mastersizer 3000仪器测量,其中至少95体积%、更优选至少99体积%的颗粒具有小于6微米的粒度。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,超微粉化形式的PEA具有如上定义的粒度分布,采用Fraunhofer计算算法用Malvern Mastersizer 3000仪器测量,具有2微米至4微米之间的模式,并且具有100体积%的小于10微米的颗粒和至少60体积%的小于3微米的颗粒。
-微粉化室的内径约300mm;
-流体喷射压力10-12bar;
-产物输送9-12kg/h。
二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)属于所谓的PUFA或长链多不饱和脂肪酸,具有以下结构式:
二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),也称为cervonic酸,是一种omega-3或PUFA n-3脂肪酸。海洋冷水鱼富含DHA。生活在寒冷海水中的鱼类和复杂生物体中存在的大部分DHA来自光合藻类。DHA也由微藻寇氏隐甲藻(Crypthecodinium cohnii)商业生产,所述寇氏隐甲藻为裂殖壶菌属的微生物。使用微藻生产的DHA是植物来源的。
本发明还涉及包含棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和二十二碳六烯酸的组合物。优选地,本发明的组合物由棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和二十二碳六烯酸的混合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂组成。更优选地,棕榈酰乙醇酰胺为超微粉化形式(PEA-um)。
无论是分开施用还是在单一制剂中组合施用,PEA和DHA的施用重量比在1:7至7:1之间。
更特别地,当PEA为超微粉化形式时,PEA/DHA重量比将优选在1:7至1:1之间,更优选在1:5至1:2之间。
当PEA为微粉化或非微粉化形式时,PEA/DHA重量比将优选在1:1至7:1之间,更优选在2:1至5:1之间。
为了本发明的目的,单独的PEA、单独的DHA或含有PEA和DHA的组合物可以包括在药物或兽医制剂中并且可以配制成用于口服、口腔、肠胃外、直肠或经皮施用的剂型。
对于口服施用,可以发现本发明的化合物,例如,以常规方式与药学上可接受的赋形剂如粘合剂(例如,预胶化玉米淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、填充剂(例如,乳糖、微晶纤维素或磷酸氢钙)、润滑剂(例如,硬脂酸镁、滑石粉或二氧化硅)、崩解剂(例如,马铃薯淀粉或羟基乙酸淀粉钠)或抑制剂(例如,十二烷基硫酸钠)制备成硬或软的片剂或胶囊剂形式。片剂可以通过本领域熟知的方法进行包衣。用于口服施用的液体制剂可以是例如溶液、糖浆或混悬液的形式,或者它们可以是冷冻干燥的或颗粒状的产品,在使用前用水或其他合适的载体重构。此类液体制剂可以通过常规方法与药学上可接受的添加剂如悬浮剂(例如山梨糖醇糖浆、纤维素衍生物或食用氢化脂肪)、乳化剂(例如卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶)、非水载体(例如杏仁油、油性酯、乙醇或分馏植物油)和防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸)一起制备。该制剂还可以方便地包含调味剂、染料和甜味剂。
可以适当地配制口服施用制剂以允许活性成分的受控释放。
对于口腔施用,本发明化合物可以以常规方式配制成适合在口腔粘膜水平吸收的片剂或丸剂的形式。典型的口腔制剂是用于舌下施用的片剂。
本发明的化合物可以配制成通过注射进行肠道外施用。注射制剂可以以单剂量存在,例如添加防腐剂装在小瓶中。组合物可以以油性或水性载体中的悬浮液、溶液或乳液的形式出现,并且可以包含制剂的试剂,例如混悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。或者,活性成分或活性成分的混合物可以以粉末形式存在,在使用前用合适的载体(例如用无菌水)重构。
本发明的化合物也可以根据直肠制剂如栓剂或保留灌肠剂进行配制,例如含有普通栓剂的基本成分如可可脂或其他甘油酯。
除了上述制剂外,本发明的化合物还可以配制成沉积制剂。此类长效制剂可通过植入(例如,皮下、经皮或肌内)或肌内注射施用。因此,例如,组合物可以与合适的聚合物或疏水材料(例如以合适油中的乳液形式)或离子交换树脂或作为微溶衍生物一起配制。
根据本发明,建议对男性(体重约70kg)施用的PEA的日剂量的范围为10mg至1500mg,或者,如果PEA以超微粉化形式使用,则PEA的日剂量的范围为10mg至500mg PEA。这样的日剂量可以分成剂量单位用于施用,例如,一天1次至4次。剂量将取决于施用的PEA形式,即施用非微粉化PEA、微粉化PEA还是超微粉化PEA。剂量还将取决于选择的施用途径。应该考虑到可能需要根据患者的年龄和体重以及要治疗的临床病症的严重程度来连续改变剂量。确切的剂量和施用途径最终将由主治医师或兽医自行决定。
本发明还涉及包括用于ASD治疗的PEA(优选超微粉化PEA)和DHA的膳食组合物、食品补充剂和特殊医学用途食品(FSMP)。
术语“特殊医学用途食品”是指根据法规(EU)2016/128授权的产品。此术语是指在医疗监督下施用的产品,因此将这种FSMP同化为药物。
依照本发明的制剂可以根据常规方法制备,例如Remington’sPharmaceuticalSciences Handbook(Mack Pub.Co.,纽约,美国,第17版,1985)或由Allen,Loyd V.,Jr主编的Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(第22版,2012)中描述的那些方法。
实验部分
微粉化步骤
如前所述将PEA微粉化。
最佳微粉化条件:
-微粉化室的内径300mm;
-流体喷射压力8bar;
-产物输送9-12kg/h;
粒度分布测定
在1分钟超声处理后,对湿样品进行粒度分布测定。
使用采用LALLS(低角度激光光散射)技术和Fraunhofer计算算法运行的MalvernMastersizer 3000仪器。
粒度分布图如图1所示。
生物实验
在体内实验中,使用被自由喂养并饲养在受控睡眠/唤醒周期笼中的健康雄性C57BL/6J(C57)小鼠和90天BTBR T+tf/J(BTBR)小鼠(The Jackson Laboratory,BarHarbor,ME,USA)。在实验开始之前,考虑到所有实验程序和方案,动物经过1周的适应期,符合意大利卫生部批准的实验动物护理和福利原则(意大利立法法令2014/26)和欧盟指令(欧盟指令2010/63)。
BTBR小鼠具有类似自闭症的表型,能够重现在与儿童早期相当的时期伴有的行为缺陷表现的ASD的主要症状。由于参与神经系统和突触发育的单个核苷酸突变导致的众多多态性,BTBR小鼠完全没有胼胝体,并且海马连合严重减少(Wahlsten D.等人,Survey of21inbred mouse strains in two laboratories reveals that BTBR T/+tf/tf hasseverely reduced hippocampal commissure and absent corpus callosum,BrainRes.2003,971:47-54)。这种种类的小鼠有多种自闭症症状,包括社交互动减少、玩耍表达改变、探索行为减少、异常发声和焦虑(McFarlane HG等人,Autism-like behavioralphenotypes in BTBR T+tf/J mice,Genes Brain Behav.2008,7:152-63;Scattoni ML等人,Unusual repertoire of vocalizations in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model ofautism,PLoS One 2008,3:e3067);进一步具有降低的ALLO水平(Ebihara K.等人,Decrease in endogenous brain allopregnanolone induces autism spectrumdisorder(ASD)-like behavior in mice:A novel animal model of ASD,Behav BrainRes.2017,334:6-15;Chew L.等人,Association of serum allopregnanolone withrestricted and repetitive behaviors in adult males with autism,Psychoneuroendocrinology,2021,123:105039)。
实验方法与结果
健康的C57动物和BTBR动物被随机分成8组,每组8只小鼠,从出生后的第四个月开始,用1.5%羧甲基纤维素(CMC)(用于悬浮分子的载体)、单独用1mg/kg超微粉化PEA(PEA-um)、单独用5mg/kg DHA(30mg/kg DHA 17%滴度)和用1mg/kg PEA-um联合5mg/kg DHA(30mg/kg DHA 17%滴度)每日口服治疗,持续10天:
-第1组:用1.5%CMC作为对照(CTR)治疗的C57小鼠;
-第2组:用悬浮在1.5%CMC中的1mg/kg PEA-um(PEA)治疗的C57小鼠;
-第3组:用悬浮在1.5%CMC中的5mg/kg DHA(30mg/kg DHA 17%滴度)(DHA)治疗的C57小鼠;
-第4组:用悬浮在1.5%CMC中的1mg/kg PEA-um和5mg/kg DHA(30mg/kg DHA 17%滴度)(PEA+DHA组合物)治疗的C57小鼠;
-第5组:用1.5%CMC(CTR)治疗的BTBR小鼠;
-第6组:用悬浮在1.5%CMC中的1mg/kg PEA-um(PEA)治疗的BTBR小鼠;
-第7组:用悬浮在1.5%CMC中的5mg/kg DHA(30mg/kg DHA 17%滴度)(DHA)治疗的BTBR小鼠;
-第8组:用悬浮在1.5%CMC中的1mg/kg PEA-um和5mg/kg DHA(30mg/kg DHA 17%滴度)(PEA+DHA组合物)治疗的BTBR小鼠。
在开始施用治疗10天后对动物实施安乐死。收集血浆用于使用ALLO神经类固醇的HLPC(Agilent)方法施用。在处死之前,对动物进行行为测试以研究重复/强迫表型(埋珠测试和自我梳理测试)和社交能力。
所有的行为测试都是由相同的小鼠进行的,在一个测试和另一个测试之间有足够的时间间隔,并从最不紧张的一只小鼠开始(Paylor R.等人,The use of behavioraltest batteries,II:effect of test interval,Physiol.Behav.2006,87:95–102)。
统计分析
结果中记录的所有值均表示为N次观察(N=动物数)的平均值(SEM)的平均值±标准误差。ALLO剂量和行为评分的统计差异采用单向方差分析进行分析,再进行Sidak’s多重比较。P值<0.05被认为是显著的。
检测强迫性和重复性行为
在埋珠测试中,将20颗弹珠放在一个装有5cm干净垫料的有机玻璃笼内的网格中。将每只小鼠放在笼子里,15分钟后,轻轻取出,计算埋藏的弹珠的数量。仅以载体(CTR)、仅以PEA-um 1mg/kg(PEA)和仅以DHA 30mg/kg(DHA)治疗的BTBR小鼠痴迷地埋藏弹珠。相反,PEA-um 1mg/kg联合DHA30mg/kg治疗显著降低了小鼠隐藏弹珠的强迫态度。作为上述证明,所有接受治疗的C57动物(健康动物)在埋藏弹珠数量上均未显示出显著变化(图2A)。
在自我梳理测试中,将小鼠置于空的有机玻璃笼子(30x40 cm)中,让其自由探索领域。适应10分钟后,监测自我梳理活动20分钟。计算清洗头部、身体、生殖器部位和尾部以及舔舐手臂和腿部的重复姿势。
只有联合施用PEA+DHA的治疗能够减少BTBR小鼠自我梳理所花费的秒数。CTR、PEA和DHA组的患有ASD的动物没有表现出任何自我梳理时间的减少(图2B)。同样,在C57小鼠(健康动物)中,对照和治疗动物之间没有观察到差异。
动物的社交能力
使用三腔仪器调查社交互动。该测试由3个阶段组成:在第一阶段,动物在空旷的领域(中心)中适应5分钟。在接下来的10分钟中,将动物暴露在仪器左侧的空室中或暴露在右侧室中的未知小鼠面前。
在最后10分钟阶段,评估了小鼠留在空室中或留在小鼠面前的偏好(Crawley JN,Designing mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autistic-like behaviors,Res.Rev.2004,10:248–258)。在每个室中花费的时间通过耦合视频跟踪软件的相机检测。
健康的C57小鼠在只给予1mg/kg和30mg/kg的非活性浓度的PEA-um或DHA治疗后也表现出对另一只小鼠的社交能力增强(图3A)。相反,在社交能力降低的BTBR小鼠中,只有PEA-um与DHA联合的协同作用才能提高自闭症动物的社交能力,从而导致小鼠花费更多时间陪伴伴侣。用载体、仅用PEA-um1mg/kg和仅用DHA 30mg/kg治疗的BTBR动物没有表现出社交改善,继续在仪器的空侧度过它们的时间(图3B)。
PEA-um与DHA联合的协同作用提升了ASD小鼠的内源性ALLO神经类固醇水平
BTBR小鼠血浆中ALLO水平显著降低;在用PEA-um 1mg/kg和DHA 30mg/kg治疗的BTBR动物中也发现了这种趋势。只有用PEA-um 1mg/kg+DHA30mg/kg组合治疗的BTBR动物组的神经类固醇ALLO血浆水平显著增加。在健康C57小鼠中进行的所有治疗均未诱导任何血浆ALLO增加(图4)。
根据上述证明,PEA和DHA之间的联合产生的协同效应使得使用这两种活性物质的剂量比单独施用这些活性成分时或者在DHA与其他PUFA(如EPA)一起施用时通常使用的剂量更低。
因此,本发明提供了治疗自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的方法,其包括或在于向患有ASD的受试者施用PEA(优选超微粉化形式的PEA)和DHA,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的(即,以单一剂型)或同时的,其中PEA和DHA以PEA和DHA单独施用时无活性的剂量施用。
优选地,施用于儿童或青少年患者的PEA-um和DHA的剂量分别为500mg/天或更少和700mg/天,或更优选300mg/天或更少和500mg/天或更少。
此外,本发明提供了增加受试者体内内源性别孕烯醇酮水平的方法,其中所述内源性水平低于正常水平(即,优选低于0.7nmol/L),所述方法包括或在于向所述受试者施用PEA(优选以超微粉化形式)和DHA,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的(即,以单一剂型)或同时的,并且其中PEA和DHA以PEA和DHA单独施用时无活性的剂量施用。
因此,这种方法不仅可以治疗患有ASD的受试者,还可以治疗患有抑郁综合征,特别是产后抑郁症的受试者。
***
现在将通过以下制剂实施例进一步描述本发明。
制剂实施例
PEA-um=超微粉化棕榈酰乙醇酰胺
实施例1-软胶囊剂
12-拧开型胶囊内容物:
胶囊的成分:
实施例2-糖浆剂
每100ml的成分:
实施例3-分散颗粒剂
单剂量袋装的内容物:
(二氧化硅上的粉末)
Claims (15)
1.用于治疗自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)联合施用,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的或同时的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺为非微粉化形式,具有粒度分布,以体积百分比定义并通过激光光散射法测量,由模式在10微米以上、优选在20微米以上的分布曲线表示。
3.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺为微粉化形式,具有粒度分布,以体积百分比定义并通过激光光散射法测量,由模式在6微米和10微米之间的分布曲线表示。
4.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺为超微粉化形式,具有粒度分布,以体积百分比定义并通过激光光散射法测量,由模式在6微米以下和0.5微米以上的分布曲线表示。
5.根据权利要求4所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其具有粒度分布,以体积百分比定义并通过激光光散射法测量,采用Fraunhofer计算算法用Malvern Mastersizer 3000仪器测量,其中至少95体积%、优选至少99体积%的颗粒具有小于6微米的粒度。
6.根据权利要求4所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺的粒度分布以体积百分比定义并通过激光光散射法测量,采用Fraunhofer计算算法用Malvern Mastersizer3000仪器测量,具有2微米至4微米之间的模式,并且具有100体积%的小于10微米的颗粒和至少60体积%的小于3微米的颗粒。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中PEA和DHA以1:7至7:1之间的重量比施用。
8.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中所述PEA/DHA重量比为1:7至1:1之间,优选地为1:5至1:2之间。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中用于向受试者施用的PEA的日剂量范围为10mg至1500mg,或者,如果使用超微粉化形式的PEA,则PEA的日剂量范围为10mg至500mg,或对于儿童或青少年受试者,PEA和DHA的剂量分别等于或小于500mg/天和700mg/天,或优选地分别等于或小于300mg/天和500mg/天。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和DHA包含在药物或兽医制剂中,并被配制成用于口服、口腔、肠道外、直肠或经皮施用的剂型。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和DHA包含在膳食组合物、食品补充剂或特殊医学用途食品(FSMP)中。
12.用于治疗具有低于正常水平、优选低于0.7nmol/L的内源性别孕烯醇酮水平的受试者的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,所述治疗包括或在于向所述受试者施用PEA,优选超微粉化形式的PEA,和DHA,其中所述施用是分开的、组合的或同时的。
13.根据权利要求12所述的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,其用于治疗抑郁综合征,优选产后抑郁症。
14.一种组合物,其包含棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,优选超微粉化的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,和二十二碳六烯酸以及药学上可接受的赋形剂的混合物或由棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,优选超微粉化的棕榈酰乙醇酰胺,和二十二碳六烯酸以及药学上可接受的赋形剂的混合物组成,其中棕榈酰乙醇酰胺和二十二碳六烯酸的重量比在1:7至7:1,或者当棕榈酰乙醇酰胺为超微粉化形式,则重量比在1:7至1:1之间,优选地在1:5至1:2之间。
15.药物或兽医制剂、膳食组合物、食品补充剂或特殊医学用途食品,其包含根据权利要求14所述的组合物。
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| IT102021000024464A IT202100024464A1 (it) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | N-palmitoil-etanolamide e acido docosaesaenoico per l’uso nel trattamento del disturbo dello spettro autistico e di altre sindromi depressive |
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| ATE290858T1 (de) * | 1999-08-06 | 2005-04-15 | Innovet Italia Srl | N-palmitoylethanolamid-enthaltende pharmazeutische zusammensetzungen und deren verwendung in der veterinärmedizin |
| ES2547133T5 (es) * | 2009-09-07 | 2019-02-15 | Epitech Group S P A | Composición que contiene palmitoiletanolamida ultramicronizada |
| US8563610B2 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2013-10-22 | Rutgers, The State of New Jersey | Polyunsaturated fatty acids interactions and oxidative stress disorders |
| JP7118642B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-08 | 2022-08-16 | アリ リサーチ ソシエタ ア レスポンサビリタ リミタータ センプリフィカタ | 炎症性およびアレルギー性病変の治療に用いるための脂肪酸とパルミトイルエタノールアミドの混合物 |
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| AU2022228187A1 (en) | 2023-04-06 |
| LT4154875T (lt) | 2025-02-25 |
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