CN116652257B - Railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removing integrated machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of balancing and deweighting machines, and specifically to an automatic balancing and deweighting integrated machine for railway wheels. The present invention comprises a gantry, on which two milling cutter moving mechanisms are arranged, each of which is equipped with a milling head mechanism, and the milling cutter of the milling head mechanism faces the side of the rim obliquely downward, and the gantry is also provided with two sets of stopping brake mechanisms, and the stopping brake mechanisms are directly above the rim, and below the gantry are wheelset up and down and positioning lifting mechanisms and bearing mechanisms, and on both sides of the gantry are respectively provided a main shaft rotation moving mechanism and a tail shaft moving mechanism, and the present invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, high degree of automation, and simple appearance.

Description

A railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removal integrated machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of balancing and deweighting machines, and in particular to an automatic balancing and deweighting integrated machine for railway wheels.

Background Art

In the manufacture and maintenance of railway vehicles, dynamic balancing measurement and weight removal of wheelsets are two key processes. At present, dynamic balancing and weight removal after measurement are performed on two devices respectively. The specific method is to measure the dynamic imbalance of the wheelset on the dynamic balancing machine, and then transport the wheelset to the lathe for turning and weight removal. The weight removal is based on the weight of the iron chips, and the weight removal range is based on the experience of the operator. After weight removal is completed, it needs to be transported to the dynamic balancing machine for inspection. If the weight removal is inaccurate, it needs to be transported back for turning again, and this process is repeated until the requirements are met. This not only makes the weight removal difficult and inefficient, but also fails to meet the requirements of accurately removing the imbalance.

Patent CN2480083Y wheel set numerical control dynamic balancing and deweighting machine tool provides a wheel set numerical control dynamic balancing and deweighting machine tool used in railway vehicle manufacturing. It is divided into two parts: dynamic balancing test and deweighting cutting. The bed is equipped with a driving box, a driven box, a dynamic balancing swing frame, a bracket, a friction wheel driving device and a brake device. The driving spindle in the driving box and the driven spindle in the driven box are both equipped with a center top. The dynamic balancing swing frame is equipped with a hydrostatic bearing, and a hydrostatic stiffness adjustment device is provided under the hydrostatic bearing. The machine tool of the utility model integrates dynamic balancing measurement and deweighting cutting of wheelsets, has a compact structure, high machine tool working efficiency, high measurement and deweighting accuracy, and the whole process is fully automated.

The prior art has the following points to be optimized: 1. The device is a simple structure of a dynamic balancing machine and a milling machine, and the structure is not compact enough; 2. The device completely adopts the friction transmission method, so the friction drive device exerts a large axial force on the axle, which can easily lead to the inaccuracy of the dynamic balancing test, and the speed increase rate is limited; 3. The bearing bracket cannot adjust the height, requires higher installation accuracy, and can easily cause a large impact on the test results; 4. The structure of the dynamic balancing frame is unclear; 5. The brake device is set under the axle, and the braking performance is limited.

Summary of the invention

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the prior art railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removal integrated machine has the above-mentioned problems, and provides a railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removal integrated machine with reasonable structure, high detection accuracy and high measurement efficiency.

The present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a railway wheel automatic balancing and deweighting integrated machine, comprising a gantry, the gantry is provided with two milling cutter moving mechanisms, each milling cutter moving mechanism is installed with a milling head mechanism, the milling cutter of the milling head mechanism faces the side of the rim obliquely downward, the gantry is also provided with two sets of stopping brake mechanisms, the stopping brake mechanisms are just above the rim,

The lower part of the gantry is provided with a wheelset up and down positioning lifting mechanism and a bearing mechanism.

The two sides of the gantry are respectively provided with a main shaft rotation movement mechanism and a tail shaft movement mechanism.

The bearing mechanism includes a bearing bracket, a bearing, a bearing splint, a bottom bracket, and a vibration sensor. The bottom bracket is installed on a foundation. The bottom bracket is provided with two door-shaped support parts. The bottom bracket is also provided with a fixing part extending upward from the bottom surface. The fixing part and the support part do not contact each other. A vibration sensor is installed between the support part and the fixing part. A bearing bracket is installed above the support part. A bearing is fixedly installed in the bearing bracket. Bearing splints are clamped on both sides of the bearing. An oil groove is provided on the contact surface of the bearing. The oil groove is connected to an oil circuit interface on the bearing splint through an oil channel. The oil circuit interface is connected to a lubricating oil circuit. The lubricating oil circuit is provided with a pressure sensor.

The spindle rotation and movement mechanism includes a spindle head, a spindle box, a servo motor, a main power motor, and a first horizontal driving mechanism. The spindle head is rotatably arranged in the spindle box. A thimble and three connecting shafts are installed on the spindle head. The spindle box is slidably arranged on the platform through a guide rail assembly. The spindle box is driven to move by the first horizontal driving mechanism. The spindle head is respectively connected to the servo motor and the main power motor through an overrunning clutch.

The tail shaft moving mechanism includes a tail shaft head, a tail shaft support, and a second horizontal driving mechanism. The tail shaft support is slidably arranged on the platform through a guide rail assembly, the tail shaft head is installed on the tail shaft support, and the tail shaft support is driven to move by the second horizontal driving mechanism.

Furthermore, a screw fine-tuning mechanism is provided between the bottom bracket and the bearing bracket, and the screw fine-tuning mechanism includes a center adjustment block and left and right screws. The center adjustment blocks are two symmetrical blocks with a sloped upper surface. The bearing bracket is provided with a sloped surface matching the center adjustment block. The left and right screws are respectively engaged with the two center adjustment blocks. The center adjustment block is provided with a waist hole, and the bearing bracket is provided with bolts, which pass through the waist hole and the bottom bracket for fastening.

Furthermore, a gear rack moving mechanism is installed between the bottom bracket and the foundation.

Furthermore, the first horizontal driving mechanism and the second horizontal driving mechanism are both gear rack transmission mechanisms driven by motors.

Furthermore, the milling cutter moving mechanism is a cross slide, which can move horizontally and vertically.

Furthermore, the stopping brake mechanism includes a lifting drive mechanism, a clamping roller, and a friction block. Two clamping rollers are provided and are rotatably arranged at the output end of the lifting drive mechanism. The friction block is located between the clamping rollers.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The spindle head of the present invention is equipped with a thimble and three connecting shafts. The three connecting shafts are inserted into the three holes on the end face of the wheel axle to achieve power connection. Compared with friction transmission, there is no pressure on the axial direction of the wheelset, which can improve the accuracy, increase the transmission torque, and achieve a rapid increase in the speed of the wheelset.

2. The spindle head of the present invention is respectively connected to the servo motor and the main power motor through an overrunning clutch, and can flexibly switch between high-precision rotation and large torque transmission, thereby ensuring the detection efficiency and the angle accuracy of deweighting.

3. The bearing mechanism of the present invention, the bottom bracket is provided with two door-shaped supporting parts, the bottom bracket is also provided with a fixing part extending upward from the bottom surface, the fixing part and the supporting part are not in contact with each other, a vibration sensor is installed between the supporting part and the fixing part, the vibration effect of the wheelset is amplified by the supporting part and the fixing part, and the detection accuracy of the vibration value is improved.

4. The present invention adopts a gantry, and the milling cutter moving mechanism and the stopping brake mechanism are installed on the gantry, which has a compact structure and a more reasonable layout.

5. In the bearing mechanism of the present invention, a screw fine-tuning mechanism is provided between the bottom bracket and the bearing bracket, and a gear rack moving mechanism is installed between the bottom bracket and the foundation, which can realize slight adjustments of the bearing mechanism, eliminate installation errors and improve measurement accuracy through fine-tuning.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removal integrated machine according to the present invention;

FIG2 is a front view of a railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removal integrated machine according to the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main shaft rotation and movement mechanism;

FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the tail shaft rotation and movement mechanism;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearing mechanism;

FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a milling cutter moving mechanism and a milling head mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a stop brake mechanism.

In the figure:

1 gantry;

2. Milling cutter moving mechanism;

3. Milling head mechanism;

4 stopping brake mechanism; 401 lifting drive mechanism; 402 pressing roller; 403 friction block;

5 spindle rotation and moving mechanism; 501 spindle head; 502 spindle box; 503 servo motor; 504 main power motor; 505 first horizontal driving mechanism; 506 overrunning clutch;

6 tail shaft moving mechanism; 601 tail shaft head; 602 tail shaft support; 603 second horizontal driving mechanism;

7 wheels up and down and positioning lifting mechanism;

8 bearing mechanism; 801 bearing bracket; 802 bearing; 803 bearing clamp; 804 supporting part; 805 fixing part; 806 vibration sensor;

9 screw fine-tuning mechanism; 901 center adjustment block; 902 left and right screws;

10. Gear rack moving mechanism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 1-7, a railway wheel automatic balancing and deweighting integrated machine comprises a gantry 1, on which two milling cutter moving mechanisms 2 are arranged, each of which is equipped with a milling head mechanism 3, and the milling cutter of the milling head mechanism 3 faces the side of the rim obliquely downward, and the gantry 1 is also provided with two sets of stopping brake mechanisms 4, and the stopping brake mechanisms 4 are just above the rim.

The lower part of the gantry 1 is provided with a wheelset up and down positioning and lifting mechanism 7 and a bearing mechanism 8.

The two sides of the gantry 1 are respectively provided with a main shaft rotation moving mechanism 5 and a tail shaft moving mechanism 6.

The bearing mechanism 8 includes a bearing bracket 801, a bearing 802, a bearing clamp 803, a bottom bracket, and a vibration sensor 806. The bottom bracket is installed on the foundation. The bottom bracket is provided with two door-shaped support parts 804. The bottom bracket is also provided with a fixing part 805 extending upward from the bottom surface. The fixing part 805 and the support part 804 do not contact each other. A vibration sensor 806 is installed between the support part 804 and the fixing part 805. A bearing bracket 801 is installed above the support part 804. A bearing 802 is fixedly installed in the bearing bracket 801. The bearing 802 has bearing clamps 803 clamped on both sides. The contact surface of the bearing 802 is provided with an oil groove. The oil groove is connected to the oil circuit interface on the bearing clamp 803 through an oil channel. The oil circuit interface is connected to the lubricating oil circuit. The lubricating oil circuit is provided with a pressure sensor.

The spindle rotation and movement mechanism 5 includes a spindle head 501, a spindle box 502, a servo motor 503, a main power motor 504, and a first horizontal driving mechanism 505. The spindle head 501 is rotatably arranged in the spindle box 502. A thimble and three connecting shafts are installed on the spindle head 501. The three connecting shafts are inserted into three holes on the end face of the wheel axle to achieve power connection. The spindle box 502 is slidably arranged on the platform through a guide rail assembly. The spindle box 502 is driven to move by the first horizontal driving mechanism 505. The spindle head 501 is respectively connected to the servo motor 503 and the main power motor 504 through an overrunning clutch 506.

The tail shaft moving mechanism 6 includes a tail shaft head 601, a tail shaft support 602, and a second horizontal driving mechanism 603. The tail shaft support 602 is slidably arranged on the platform through a guide rail assembly. The tail shaft head 601 is installed on the tail shaft support 602. The tail shaft support 602 is driven to move by the second horizontal driving mechanism 603.

In actual application, a screw fine-tuning mechanism 9 is also arranged between the bottom bracket and the bearing bracket 801, and the screw fine-tuning mechanism 9 includes a center adjustment block 901 and left and right screws 902. The center adjustment block 901 is two symmetrical blocks with a sloped upper surface. The bearing bracket 801 is provided with a sloped surface matching the center adjustment block 901. The left and right screws 902 are respectively engaged with the two center adjustment blocks 901. The center adjustment block 901 is provided with a waist hole, and the bearing bracket 801 is provided with bolts. The bolts are fastened through the waist hole and the bottom bracket. The height of the bearing bracket 801 can be fine-tuned by rotating the screw 902. It has high flexibility and can eliminate installation errors and improve measurement accuracy through fine-tuning.

In practical applications, a gear rack moving mechanism 10 is also installed between the bottom bracket and the foundation, which can adjust the horizontal position of the bottom bracket and can be applicable to wheelsets of various specifications.

In practical applications, both the first horizontal driving mechanism 505 and the second horizontal driving mechanism 603 are gear rack transmission mechanisms driven by motors.

In practical applications, the milling cutter moving mechanism 2 is a cross slide that can move horizontally and vertically.

In actual application, the stopping brake mechanism 4 includes a lifting drive mechanism 401, a clamping roller 402, and a friction block 403. The clamping roller is provided with two and is rotatably arranged at the output end of the lifting drive mechanism 401. The friction block 403 is located between the clamping rollers.

Working principle of the present invention:

The main steps include:

1. The wheelset is lifted onto the bearing shell by the wheelset upper and lower and positioning lifting mechanism;

2. The oil pump starts to pump oil to the bearing, and the oil pressure is detected by the pressure sensor. When the oil pressure is in place, the first horizontal drive mechanism 505 drives the spindle head 501 to extend and dock with the wheel axle. The servo motor 503 drives the spindle head 501 to rotate no more than 120° until the connecting shaft and the ejector pin are respectively inserted into the holes on the end faces of the wheel axle.

4. The tail shaft head 601 is driven into position by the second horizontal driving mechanism 603.

5. The main power motor 504 is started, driving the wheelset to rotate at a high speed of 250 rpm;

6. After the speed is reached, the main spindle head 501 withdraws and the tail spindle head 6012 withdraws;

7. The wheelset rotates by inertia and starts measuring through the vibration sensor;

8. The brake mechanism 4 starts to descend, pressing the wheel rim, and the brake is applied for no more than 10 seconds;

9. The spindle head 501 links the wheelset again and drives the wheelset to rotate slowly to the starting point of the position to be deweighted on the left plane;

10. The milling head mechanism on the left side descends to the cutting height;

11. The milling head mechanism on the left is fed to the cutting depth;

12. The milling head mechanism on the left side retracts;

13. The spindle head 501 drives the wheelset to rotate slowly to the starting point of the right plane where the weight is to be removed;

14. The milling head mechanism on the right side descends to the cutting height;

15. The milling head mechanism on the right is fed to the cutting depth;

16. The milling head mechanism on the right side retracts;

17. Repeat the measurement process of 2-7. If deduplication is still required, continue to perform deduplication steps 9-16. If deduplication is not required, terminate the loop;

18. Cut the materials.

In summary, the railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removal integrated machine described in the present invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, high degree of automation and simple appearance.

The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation is only to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a railway wheel automatic balance is to removing heavy all-in-one which characterized in that: comprises a portal frame (1), two milling cutter moving mechanisms (2) are arranged on the portal frame (1), the milling cutter moving mechanisms (2) are cross sliding tables and can horizontally and vertically move, a milling head mechanism (3) is arranged on each milling cutter moving mechanism (2), a milling cutter of the milling head mechanism (3) obliquely faces downwards to the side face of a rim, two groups of stop brake mechanisms (4) are further arranged on the portal frame (1), the stop brake mechanisms (4) are right above the rim, the stop brake mechanisms (4) comprise lifting driving mechanisms (401), pressing rollers (402) and friction blocks (403), the pressing rollers (402) are provided with two, the output ends of the lifting driving mechanisms (401) are rotatably arranged, the friction blocks (403) are positioned at positions between the pressing rollers (402),

A wheel pair up-down and positioning lifting mechanism (7) and a bearing bush mechanism (8) are arranged below the portal frame (1),

Two sides of the portal frame (1) are respectively provided with a main shaft rotating and moving mechanism (5) and a tail shaft moving mechanism (6),

The bearing bush mechanism (8) comprises a bearing bush bracket (801), a bearing bush (802), a bearing bush clamping plate (803), a bottom bracket and a vibration sensor (806), wherein the bottom bracket is arranged on a foundation, the bottom bracket is provided with two door-shaped supporting parts (804), the bottom bracket is further provided with a fixing part (805) extending upwards from the bottom surface, the fixing part (805) and the supporting part (804) are not contacted with each other, the vibration sensor (806) is arranged between the supporting part (804) and the fixing part (805), the bearing bush bracket (801) is arranged above the supporting part (804), the bearing bush (802) is fixedly arranged in the bearing bush bracket (801), the bearing bush clamping plates (803) are clamped on two sides of the bearing bush (802), the contact surface of the bearing bush (802) is provided with an oil groove, the oil groove is connected to an oil way interface on the bearing bush clamping plate (803) through an oil way, the oil way interface is connected to a lubricating oil way, the lubricating way is provided with a pressure sensor,

The main shaft rotation moving mechanism (5) comprises a main shaft head (501), a main shaft box (502), a servo motor (503), a main power motor (504) and a first horizontal driving mechanism (505), wherein the main shaft head (501) is rotatably arranged in the main shaft box (502), a thimble and three connecting shafts are arranged on the main shaft head (501), the main shaft box (502) is slidably arranged on a platform through a guide rail assembly, the main shaft box (502) is driven to move through the first horizontal driving mechanism (505), the main shaft head (501) is respectively in transmission connection with the servo motor (503) and the main power motor (504) through an overrunning clutch (506),

The tail shaft moving mechanism (6) comprises a tail shaft head (601), a tail shaft support (602) and a second horizontal driving mechanism (603), the tail shaft support (602) is arranged on the platform in a sliding way through a guide rail assembly, the tail shaft head (601) is arranged on the tail shaft support (602), the tail shaft support (602) is driven to move through the second horizontal driving mechanism (603),

Still be provided with lead screw fine-tuning (9) between bottom support and axle bush support (801), lead screw fine-tuning (9) are including central adjusting block (901), control lead screw (902), central adjusting block (901) are two of symmetry, and the upper surface is domatic, axle bush support (801) are provided with central adjusting block (901) assorted domatic, control lead screw (902) respectively with two central adjusting block (901) meshing, central adjusting block (901) are provided with the waist hole, axle bush support (801) are provided with the bolt, the bolt passes waist hole and bottom support and fastens.

2. The railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removing integrated machine according to claim 1, wherein: a gear and rack moving mechanism (10) is also arranged between the bottom bracket and the foundation.

3. The railway wheel automatic balancing and weight removing integrated machine according to claim 1, wherein: the first horizontal driving mechanism (505) and the second horizontal driving mechanism (603) are both gear and rack transmission mechanisms driven by motors.