CN1237140C - 在辊对辊显示器制造过程中密封微型杯的组分及方法 - Google Patents
在辊对辊显示器制造过程中密封微型杯的组分及方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1237140C CN1237140C CNB011364483A CN01136448A CN1237140C CN 1237140 C CN1237140 C CN 1237140C CN B011364483 A CNB011364483 A CN B011364483A CN 01136448 A CN01136448 A CN 01136448A CN 1237140 C CN1237140 C CN 1237140C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- vinylbenzene
- solvent
- alpha
- methyl styrene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制备电泳显示器或液晶显示器的新颖的密封材料组分以及使用该组分的密封方法。使用这种材料可以获得电泳盒或液晶盒的无缝密封并且密封层无缺陷。
Description
本发明所属技术领域
电泳显示器(EPD)是基于悬浮在溶剂中的带电荷颜料微粒的电泳现象制成的一种非发射性的装置。该类显示器于1969年首次提出。这类显示器通常包括相对而置、分隔开的板状电极,电极间预定距离内有间隔物。通常,其中的一块电极板是透明的。包含有一种被染色的溶剂和带电荷颜料微粒的悬浮物被封装在两个电极板之间。
当在二电极之间施加一个电压差时,颜料微粒由于受到带有与其极性相反电荷的极板的吸引而迁移至该侧。因而可以通过对极板选择性施加电压,决定透明极板显现的颜色为溶剂的颜色或颜料微粒的颜色。改变极板极性,颜料微粒会向相对的极板迁移,从而显现相反的颜色。不同的过渡色(灰色梯度)是由透明极板的过渡颜料密度决定,并可通过控制电压和充电时间来获得。
电泳显示器优于其它类型的平板显示器的优势之一是其耗电量非常低。这一突出优点使得电泳显示器特别适合便携式以及电池供电设备,例如笔记本电脑、移动电话、个人数字辅助装置、便携式电子医疗和诊断装置、全球定位系统装置等等。
为了避免不希望的微粒迁移(诸如沉淀),有人提出了在两个电极之间分区的方法,将两个电极之间的空间分成小的单元。参见M.A.Hopper和V.Novotny电气和电子工程师协会会报-《电子装置》(IEEE Trans.Electron Device),ED-26,8,pp1148-1152(1979)。然而,在分区式电泳显示器的情况下,形成分区与悬浮物密封处理存在一定困难。此外,在分区式电泳显示器中难于保持不同颜色的悬浮物分离。
因此,现有技术试图把悬浮物密封在微胶囊内。美国专利第5,961,804号以及第5,930,026号说明了微胶囊化的电泳显示器。该文献披露的显示器具有基本二维的微胶囊排列,其中各微胶囊含有由一介电质流体与一带电荷颜料微粒悬浮物(在视觉上与介电质溶剂对比)所组成的电泳组分。该微胶囊的形成可借助于界面聚合、原位聚合,或者诸如物理处理、液体内固化、或简单/复杂凝聚等其它已知的方法。在微胶囊形成后,可将其注入装有二个隔离电极的室中,或被“印刷”或涂布在透明导电膜上。该微胶囊也可被固定于透明基材或夹在该二电极之间的粘合剂中。
利用这些现有工艺方法,特别是美国专利第5,930,026号、第5,961,804号、以及第6,017,584号所披露的微胶囊方法制备的电泳显示器有许多缺点。例如,用微胶囊方法制造的电泳显示器,由于微胶囊壁的化学性质受到对环境变化的敏感度(特别是对于湿度和温度的敏感度)的不利影响。第二,由于胶囊的薄壁面与较大的微粒尺寸,用微胶囊制造的电泳显示器具有较差的抗刮性。为改进该显示器的操作性,微胶囊被嵌埋于大量的聚合物基质中。但是,由于二电极间距增大,使反应时间变长;而且,由于颜料微粒的低有效负载,使对比度降低。因为电荷控制剂在该微胶囊制备期间趋于扩散至水/油界面,致使难于增加该颜料微粒上的表面电荷密度。微胶囊中颜料微粒的低电荷密度或ζ电位也使其灵敏度变低。此外,因为微胶囊的大微粒尺寸和大范围分布,对于色彩应用而言,这种类型现有技术的电泳显示器具有的分辨率与寻址能力较低。
另外,在本申请人于2000年3月3日提交的未决美国专利申请09/518,488号和2001年2月25日提交的未决美国专利申请09/784,972号中,披露了一种改进的电泳显示器制造技术。这种改进的电泳显示器的盒是由多个微型杯形成的,这些微型杯相互连接整体构成二维阵列集合的一部分。该阵列集合中的每个微型杯都填充以带电颜料微粒在介电溶剂中的悬浮物或分散物,并密封形成电泳盒。
在其上形成微型杯的基底衬板包含由预先制成的导电膜(如氧化铟锡导电区带)构成的显示寻址阵列。导电膜(ITO区带)预涂布有一层辐射固化聚合前体物。然后,该膜和前体物层经辐射图像曝光形成微型杯的壁结构。曝光后,将未曝光区域的前体物组分清除,留下结合在导电膜/基底衬板上的固化的微型杯壁。图像曝光可以通过透过光掩膜的紫外光或其它形式的辐射来完成,以形成涂布在导电膜上的辐射固化材料的预定图像或确定图形。尽管通常不要求,掩模可以对正并套准该导电膜(也就是ITO区带),这样,透明掩模部分定位于ITO区带之间的间隔,而不透明掩模部分与ITO材料(将成为微型杯盒底的部分)对齐。
此外,微型杯阵列可以通过包括以预成型的凸模模压涂布于导电膜上的热塑性或热固性前体物,而后脱模的方法来制造。前体物层在模压过程中及其后可采用辐射、冷却、溶剂蒸发、或其它方法固化。这一新颖的微模压方法在2000年3月3日的未决美国专利09/518,488中披露。
由上述任一种方法都可制造具有多种尺寸、形状、式样、和开口比率的抗溶解和热机械性能稳定的微型杯。
用微型杯阵列制造单色电泳显示器,包括用一种颜料悬浮物填充微型杯,密封微型杯,最后将预涂布有胶层的第二导电膜层叠于经密封的微型杯阵列。
对于彩色电泳显示器来说,其由微型杯阵列的制备,包括顺序性和选择性的预定微型杯组的开启和填充。该方法包括将一种正性作用的光致抗蚀剂层叠或涂布于预成型的微型杯,对光致抗蚀剂进行图像曝光以选择性地打开一定数目的微型杯,接着显影抗蚀剂,对开启的微型杯填充着色的电泳流体,而后采用密封方法密封填充过的微型杯。上述步骤可以重复,以制造包含不同颜色电泳流体的密封微型杯。这样,可以在预定的区域对微型杯阵列填充不同颜色组分,以形成多色电泳显示器。多种熟知的颜料和染料赋予了溶剂相和悬浮颗粒广泛的颜色选择余地。可以采用本领域熟知的流体应用及填充技术。
用介电流体中的带电颜料微粒分散物填充微型杯后,可以直接涂布含有热塑性或热固性前体物的电泳流体溶液来密封微型杯。为了降低或消除在涂布过程中及其后的互溶程度,使用与电泳流体不互溶的密封前体物是极为有利的,优选密封前体物的比重低于介电流体的比重。通过溶剂蒸发、界面反应、湿气、热、辐射或结合多种固化机理来固化前体物完成密封。可选择地,还可以在填充微型杯之前,通过在电泳流体中分散热塑性或热固性前体物来实现密封。热塑性或热固性前体物与介电溶剂不互溶且其比重低于溶剂和颜料微粒的比重。填充后,热塑性或热固性前体物相与电泳流体分离,并于流体上部形成一表面浮层。可采用溶剂蒸发、界面反应、湿气、热及辐射方法固化前体物层,从而方便地完成微型杯密封。尽管结合上述两种或更多种固化方法可能会提高密封能力,但紫外光辐射是密封微型杯的优选方法。
这种改进的电泳显示器,可以用于2001年2月25日提出的未决美国专利申请09/784,972中介绍的同步光刻曝光工艺制造。可以采用诸如耦合或反馈电路或普通驱动保持同步运动(即等速运动)的装置,使掩模与基底衬板同步运动。曝光后,衬板被移至显影区域,在这去除未曝光材料以形成微型杯壁结构。微型杯及ITO衬层优选为选定尺寸并且与掩模协同定位,每这样每个完成的显示盒(即填充和密封过的微型杯)可以被离散寻址,并由显示驱动器控制。可以用湿法或干法的蚀刻工艺预先制备ITO区带。
在由微型杯阵列制造彩色显示器时,采用这种辊对辊同步光蚀刻曝光工艺,也可以实现对微型杯阵列选定组的选择性开启、填充、及密封的连续基板处理过程。
微型杯阵列可采用层压或涂布正性光致抗蚀剂来暂时密封,通过对应的掩模进行图像曝光,用显影剂对曝光区域进行显影,以选择性开启需要的微型杯组。可以采用熟知的层压和涂布技术。在文中“显影剂”指的是一种可选择性去除已曝光抗蚀剂并保留未曝光抗蚀剂的适宜并熟知的方法。
这样,可以在预定图形中,顺序填充不同颜色的组分(通常为三原色)。例如,该图像曝光工艺可采用一种正性作用的光致抗蚀剂进行上部层叠或密封,作为对空杯的初始密封。然后对微型杯透过掩模(例如,在所述辊对辊工艺中的一种环状光掩模)进行曝光,这样只对首先选择的微型杯区组曝光。用显影剂显影去除曝光的抗蚀剂,开启初选的微型杯区域,以所选颜色的颜料分散物填充,用所述的密封方法之一密封微型杯。可以重复该曝光和显影过程,以开启第二选择的微型杯区域,用第二种颜料分散物填充并随后密封。最后,去除残余的光致抗蚀剂,并填充和密封第三区域的微型杯。
用合适的液晶材料替代电泳流体,该液晶材料具有匹配各向同性的杯材料的一般折射率,则采用上述方法也可以制造液晶显示器。在处于“开”状态时,微型杯中的液晶按电场方向排列并且是透明的。在处于“关”状态时,液晶无规律排列发生光线散射。为了使液晶显示器的光散射作用最大化,微型杯的直径通常取0.5-10微米之间。
通过依次运送和引导衬板至多个工艺操作位置,可采用辊对辊工艺在单个连续的衬板上实现系列处理。换句话说,微型杯可以在一个连续的过程中制作、填充或涂布、显影、密封、并层叠。
除了制造微型杯显示器,还可应用这种同步的辊对辊工艺,制造多种成型于基底衬板的电子装置用结构或不连续图案,例如,图形化导电膜、柔性电路板等等。在此所述的制备电泳显示器微型杯的工艺和设备中,要准备预制图形的光掩模,包括对应所用装置结构组件的多个光掩模区。每个这样的掩模区可以预选定对于辐射透明或者不透明区域,以便能在与目标结构组件定位基底衬板部分时曝光形成像。该方法可用于结构材料的选择性固化,或用于制造工艺中对正性或负性作用的光致抗蚀剂材料曝光。
由于此多步处理可以通过辊对辊连续或半连续操作实现,因而适用于高产量低成本生产。这种制造显示器产品的方法与其他方法相比高效而廉价。该涉及微型杯改进的电泳显示器对于环境,如湿度和温度不敏感。这种显示器薄、柔性、耐用、易于操作,以及形状各异。由于这种电泳显示器是由具有理想的纵横比和明确定义的形状和尺寸的盒构成,因而该双稳定反射显示器具有优异的色彩寻址能力、高对比度和色彩饱和度、快的切换速率和反应时间。
发明简述
在改进型电泳显示器的辊对辊制造方法中,最关键步骤之一是用连续的基底衬板处理微型杯密封。为了制造高质量的显示器,密封层必需至少具有以下特征:(1)不存在封入气泡、针孔、开裂、或漏洞等缺陷;(2)良好的膜完整性和对电泳显示液如介电流体的阻隔性能;以及(3)良好的涂布和粘合性能。由于大多数电泳显示器所用的介电溶剂都具有低表面张力和低粘度,所以如何获得可用于微型杯并具有良好粘合性能的无缝和无缺陷的密封成为一个主要的挑战。
现已发现,可以通过使用含有下列成分的新颖的密封涂布组分连续基板衬底工艺,对以显示器流体(如电泳流体)填充的微型杯实现无缝和无缺陷密封:
(1)在微型杯中与显示器流体不相溶并具有比显示器流体低的比重的溶剂或溶剂混合物;以及
(2)热塑性弹性体。
含有至少一种热塑性弹性体,与微型杯有良好相容性并对显示器流体有良好阻隔性的组分特别有用。有用的热塑性弹性体例子包括用式ABA或(AB)n表示的二嵌段、三嵌段、及多嵌段共聚物,其中A为苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯、丙烯及降冰片烯(norbornene);B为丁二烯、异戊二烯、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、二甲基硅氧烷,或硫化丙烯;式中A和B不能相同。数字n≥1,优选为1-10。具有代表性的共聚物包括聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-乙烯/丁烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-硫化丙烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、以及聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)。在N.R.Legge,GHolden和H.E.Schroeder编著的《热塑性弹性体》(Hanser出版社,1987)中可以找到制备热塑性弹性体的介绍。商品苯乙烯共聚物如壳牌化学公司的Kraton D及G系列都是可以选用的。也可选用结晶橡胶,如聚(乙烯-共-丙烯-共-5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯)、或EPDM(乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物)橡胶及其接枝共聚物。不为理论局限,发明人认为热塑性弹性体的硬块在密封涂层干燥的过程中及之后发生相分离,并作为软的连续相的物理交联剂。本发明的密封组分在涂布和干燥过程中明显地强化了密封层的模数和膜完整性。选用低临界表面张力(低于40达因/厘米)和高模数或肖氏A硬度(高于60)的热塑性弹性体是有利的,可能是因为其对显示器流体具有的良好润湿性能和膜完整性。
将热塑性材料溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物中,该溶剂或混合物与微型杯中的显示流体不互溶,并具有低于显示流体的比重。由于对微型杯表面和电泳流体具有更好的润湿性能,低表面张力的溶剂更适于作为外涂布组分。溶剂或溶剂混合物的表面张力较好为低于35达因/厘米。表面张力优选为低于30达因/厘米。适宜的溶剂包括烷烃(优选为C6-12的烷烃如庚烷、辛烷、或Exxon化学公司的Isopar溶剂、壬烷、癸烷,及其异构体)、环烷烃(优选为C6-12环烷烃,如环己烷、十氢化萘等等)、烷基苯(优选为单取代或二取代的C1-6的烷基苯如甲苯、二甲苯等等)、烷基酯类(优选为C2-5的烷基酯如醋酸乙酯、醋酸异丁酯等等)、以及C3-5的烷基醇(如异丙醇及其同类物和异构体)。
该新颖的密封组分除了在连续的基板衬底工艺中可以无缝和无缺陷地密封由微型杯制得的电泳盒外,还有许多其它的优点。例如,在涂布处理中其表现出对已填充微型杯的良好的润湿性能,而且甚至可以在溶剂蒸发完之前在显示器流体上形成良好的完整的膜。这样,涂布层的完整性得以保持,没有在电泳流体上不能润湿和结珠的情况出现。此外,本发明中的密封组分可以对更宽的微型杯进行连续密封,尤其是对于宽度超过100微米的微型杯。由于宽微型杯有更高的宽高比和更佳的显示对比度,特别适合于某些应用。而且,本发明中的密封组分可以形成低于3微米厚的密封层,而这在于传统密封组分是难以实现的。更薄的密封层缩短了顶部和底部电极板间距,从而获得更快的切换速度。
密封组分还包含有共溶剂和润湿剂,以提高其与微型杯的粘结,并提供了更宽的涂布处理范围。其它成分如交联剂、硫化剂、多官能团的单体或低聚物,以及可与热塑性弹性体中嵌段互溶的高Tg聚合物,也非常有利于在涂布过程中及过程后强化密封层的物理机械性能。可以用紫外光或烘焙方法对密封的微型杯进行后处理,以进一步提高其阻隔性能。可能是由于在微型杯密封层相间形成相互贯通的网状物缘故,可以通过后固化反应改善密封层对微型杯的粘结。
其中,可与热塑性弹性体中嵌段互溶的高Tg聚合物为可与所述的热塑性弹性体的嵌段之一相容的热塑性材料,该热塑性材料选自聚苯乙烯和聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
附图简要描述
图1是电泳显示器的剖面示意图,示意了在不带电条件下的三个微型杯盒。
图2是图1中电泳显示器的剖面示意图,但对其中两个电泳施加电压,使得颜料迁移至一侧的电极板。
图3A-3C是典型微型杯阵列的轮廓示意图,图3A为透视图,图3B为俯视图,图3C为正视图,为了清晰将纵坐标放大。
图4A及4B是制备微型杯的基本方法步骤示意图,包括通过对涂布有热固性前体物的导电膜的光掩模(“顶部曝光”),用紫外光辐射进行图形光蚀刻曝光。
图5A及5B是制备微型杯的另一种处理步骤示意图,包括结合底部和顶部曝光原则的图形光蚀刻方法,这里,杯壁的固化在一个侧向是由顶部光掩模曝光,在与之垂直的侧向取向中是从底部通过不透明的基底导电膜曝光(“混合曝光”)。
图6A-6D是微型杯阵列的剖面序列图,图示了单色显示器的制成步骤。
本发明详述
I.定义
除非在本专利说明书中另有定义,否则在此所用的技术术语皆根据本领域技术人员通常使用并了解的惯用定义而被使用。
术语“微型杯”是指一种杯状凹处,其可利用上述共同未决专利申请中描述的,如微模压或图像曝光的方法制造。同样地,在整个上下文中复数形式的“微型杯”,一般是指包含多个此种微型杯共同形成或结合形成的二维结构的微型杯阵列。
在本专利说明书中,术语“盒”是指由一密封微型杯所形成的独立的单元。该盒以分散于溶剂或溶剂混合物中的带电荷颜料微粒填充。
当说明该微型杯或盒时,术语“有明确定义的”是指该微型杯或盒具有根据本方法的特定参数预定的明确的形状、尺寸、式样、和纵横比。
术语“纵横比”为电泳显示器中一般所知的词汇,指的是微型杯开口的深度对宽度或深度对直径的比例。
术语“图像曝光”指的是使用本发明所述方法之一,对辐射曝光材料或光致抗蚀剂进行辐射曝光,如紫外光曝光。藉此控制曝光材料区域以形成对应微型杯结构图案或“图像”,例如,曝光限制于对应微型杯杯壁部分的材料区域,保留微型杯底部区域不曝光。在选择性开启预定微型杯阵列部分的光致抗蚀剂的情况下,图像曝光指对应微型杯开杯区域的材料进行曝光,保留微型杯杯壁未曝光。图案或图像可以利用如透过掩模的曝光方法,或者利用可控粒子光束曝光等类似方法形成。
II.微型杯阵列
图1和图2是典型的微型杯阵列集合实施例剖面示意图,为了清晰起见已经简化,示意了由三个微型杯盒(12a,b,c)组成的一个微型杯阵列集合(10)。
如图1所示,阵列(10)的每一个盒(12)包括两个电极板(11,13),至少其中一个为透明的(11),如ITO电极,电极(11,13)位于盒(12)的两个相对面上。
微型杯盒阵列集合(10)包括多个在一个平面内被相邻放置以形成封闭在两电极层(11)和(13)之间的一个盒(12)层。图示典型的三个盒(12a),(12b),及(12c),并与各自的电极板(11a)、(11b)、(11c)(透明),以及(13a)、(13b)、(13c)(后极板)结合,大量此类盒适宜进行二维排列(在图1所示平面的右/左及里/外),以形成任选区域的二维的薄片状显示器。尽管为了清晰起见,图1示出的例子是每一个盒(12)以仅有单个盒宽度的分开的电极板(11)和(13)固定,但是类似地,几个微型杯盒也可以由一个的电极板(11)或(13)固定。
该盒具有明确定义的形状和尺寸,并以分散和悬浮有带电荷颜料微粒(15)的着色介电溶剂(14)填充。每个盒(12)可以填充以相同成分的颜料和溶剂(即单色显示器),或填充以不同成分的颜料和溶剂(即彩色显示器)。图1以不同阴影线表示在每个盒(12a),(12b),及(12c)中三种不同颜色组合,溶剂分别为(14a),(14b),及(14c),颜料微粒分别为(15a),(15b),及(15c)。
每个微型杯盒(12)由以下部分构成:盒壁(16)作为盒的侧面(在阵列(10)的平面内),底部(17)作为盒的一个面,在本例中该面与电极(13)紧临。在每一盒的对面(紧临电极(11)),由密封覆盖层部分(18)构成。密封覆盖层部分与透明电极(11)相邻(如图1所示),密封覆盖层(18)由透明组分构成。尽管在图1所示例中,底部(17)和密封覆盖层(18)显示为不同于相邻电极(13)和(11)的分别分开的盒部分,在本发明其他的实施例中,微型杯阵列(10)可以由整体式的底部/电极结构或整体式的密封覆盖层/电极结构组成。
图2是图1中电泳显示器的剖面示意图,但对其中两个电泳盒(12a,12c)施加电压,使得颜料迁移至一侧的电极板。当于两极板(11,13)之间施加电压差时,带电荷的微粒(15)发生迁移(即向电极(11)或(13)迁移,其方向取决于微粒和电极所带电荷),因而,透过透明的导电膜(11),可看到颜料微粒(15)的颜色或溶剂(14)的颜色。二导体(11)或(13)中至少有一个是图形化的(独立的可寻址区),以允许对应每个盒或预定的盒组建立选择性的电场(即形成一个像素)。
在图2所示实施例中,两个盒(12a和12c)带电,其中的颜料(15a和15c)分别迁移至各自的透明电极板(11a和11c)。剩下的盒(12b)保持中性,颜料(15b)分散于全部溶剂(14b)中。
图3A-3C是典型微型杯阵列局部轮廓示意图,图3A为透视图,图3B为俯视图,图3C为正视图,为了表示清楚而将纵坐标放大。对于反射型电泳显示器,每一单个的微型杯的开口面积较好为约102至约5×105平方微米之间,优选为约103至约5×104平方微米之间。微型杯(12)的宽度w(相邻壁面(16)间距)可在很大范围变化,可按照最终需要的显示器特性选择。微型杯的开口宽度较好为约15至约450微米之间,优选地,开口的一边至另一边为约25至约300微米之间。每一微型杯都可构成最终显示器像素的一小部分或者构成完整像素。
相对于杯宽度w的壁厚t可以在很大范围变化,可按照最终需要的显示器特性选择。微型杯壁厚通常为微型杯宽度的约0.01至1倍,优选为微型杯宽度的约0.05至约0.25倍。开口面积对总面积比较好为约0.1至约0.98,优选为约0.3至约0.95。
为清楚起见,对微型杯壁高h(定义为杯的深度),以放大的尺寸比例表示。对于电泳显示器,微型杯高度通常为约5至约100微米(μms),优选为约10至约50微米。对于液晶显示器,该高度通常为约1至10微米,优选为约2至5微米。
为了简化和清楚,本发明在这里对微型杯阵列集合的说明中采用排列在线性二维阵列集合中的方形微型杯。但该微型杯不必需是正方形的,也可以是长方形、圆形、或是所需的一种更复杂的形状。例如,微型杯可以是六边形并采取六边形紧密排列阵列,或者三角形微型杯可以取向排列成为六边形的子阵列,该子阵列转而再排列为六边形紧密排列阵列。
通常情况,微型杯可以是任意形状,且在整个显示器中其尺寸、式样、及形状可以变化。这在彩色电泳显示器中很有利。为获得最佳光学效果,可以制造不同形状和尺寸的微型杯。例如,为了制造彩色电泳显示器,填充红色分散物的微型杯可具有与绿色微型杯或蓝色微型杯不同的形状和尺寸。此外,一个像素可以由不同颜色的不同数目的微型杯组成。例如,一个像素可以由一定数量小的绿微型杯、一定数量大的红微型杯、和一定数量小的蓝微型杯组成。不必要使三种颜色微型杯具有相同的形状和数目。
微型杯的开口可以是圆形的、正方形的、长方形的、六边形的,或任意的其他形状。在维持理想的机械性能的前提下,开口之间的分隔区域要尽可能小,以获得高的色彩饱和度和对比度。因而,例如与圆形开口相比,蜂窝状开口更佳。
III.微型杯阵列的制备
微型杯可以由微模压或光刻法制备。
IIIa.微模压法制备微型杯阵列
凸模的制备
凸模可用任何适当的方法制备,例如金刚石切割工艺或用光致抗蚀剂处理后,接着蚀刻或电镀。用于凸模的主模板则可以用任何适当的方法制造,例如电镀。采用电镀法时,在一玻璃基板上喷镀一层通常为3000的籽金属薄层,例如铬镍铁合金。接着涂布一层光致抗蚀剂层,并以紫外光曝光。一掩模被置于紫外光和光致抗蚀剂层之间。该光致抗蚀剂的曝光区域变硬。然后用适当的溶剂清洗去除未曝光区域。对保留的固化光致抗蚀剂进行干燥,并再次喷镀一层籽金属薄层。主模准备就绪进行电铸成形。用于电铸成形的典型材料是镍钴合金。此外,该主模可由镍制作,如摄影光学仪器工程师学会会刊卷1663,pp.324(1992)中《薄镀层光学介质的连续制作》(“Continuous manufacturing of thin cover sheet opticalmedia”,SPIE Proc.)中所说明的,采用电铸或无电镍沉积。该模具的底板通常约50至400微米。该主模也可用其他微工程技术制作,包括电子束写入、干式蚀刻、化学蚀刻、激光写入或激光干涉,如摄影光学仪器工程师学会会刊刊登的《精密光学复制技术》(“Replication techniques for micro-optics”,SPIE Proc.)卷3099,PP.76-82(1997)中说明。此外,该模具可使用塑料、陶瓷、金属,利用光加工制作。
这样制备的凸模通常具有大约1至500微米之间的凸起,较好为大约2至100微米之间,优选为大约4至50微米。凸模可以是带、辊、片的形式。对于连续制造而言,优选为带型模。
微型杯的形成
微型杯可以用批次工艺或是连续的辊至辊工艺制作,如于2001年2月25日提交的未决美国专利申请09/784,972所披露。该专利申请提供连续、低成本、高产出的制造技术,以制造电泳或液晶显示器中用的隔间。在涂敷紫外光固化树脂以前,如果需要,可采用脱模剂帮助脱模处理。在配送紫外光固化树脂前可以先除气,并且可以非必选地加入一种溶剂。这种溶剂(如果有的话)可以容易地蒸发。该紫外光固化树脂可采用任何适当的方式配送至凸模上,例如涂布、滴落、倾倒等。配送器可以是移动式的或固定式的。将一种导电膜覆盖于紫外光固化树脂上。合适的导电膜例子包括塑料基板上的透明导体ITO,该塑料为聚对苯二甲酸乙酯(polyethyleneterephthalate)、聚萘酸乙酯(polyethylene naphthalate)、芳族聚酰胺(polyaramid)、聚酰亚胺、聚环烯、聚砜(polysulfone)、环氧化物,及它们的组合物。如果需要的话,可以施加压力,以确保树脂和塑料之间有适当的接合,并控制微型杯底板的厚度。可以采用层压辊、真空模塑成型、加压装置、或任何其它类似的装置来施加压力。如果凸模是金属的并且不透明,则典型的塑料基板对于用来固化树脂的光化性辐射而言是透明的。反之,凸模可以是透明的,而塑料基板对于光化性辐射而言是不透明的。为了将模压特征良好地转移到转移片上,塑料基板必须对于紫外光固化树脂具有良好的粘合性。
IIIb.光蚀刻法制备微型杯阵列
在图4和5中图示了制备微型杯阵列的光蚀刻方法。
顶部曝光
如图4A和4B所示,微型杯阵列(40)可用已知方法涂布至一导电电极膜(42)上的辐射固化材料(41a),通过光掩模(46)用紫外光(或选择其他形式的辐射、电子束等)曝光,以形成与光掩模投影图形一致的壁(41b)的方法来制备。基底导电膜(42)优选以基底衬板(43)为衬底,该衬板由一种塑料材料组成。
在图4A的掩模(46)中,深色方块(44)表示不透明区域,深色方块之间的部位表示掩模(46)的透明区域(45)。紫外光穿过透明区域(45)辐射到辐射固化材料(41a)上。优选对辐射固化材料(41a)直接曝光,即紫外光没有通过基底(43)或基底导电膜(42)(顶部曝光)。这样,基底(43)和导电膜(42)都不需要对于紫外光或所用其他辐射波长透明。
如图4B中所示,曝光区(41b)变硬,接着用适当的溶剂或显影剂去除未曝光区域(被掩模(46)的不透明区域(44)所保护),以制作微型杯(47)。溶剂或显影剂从通常用于溶解或降低辐射固化材料粘度的材料中选择,例如甲基乙基酮(MEK)、甲苯、丙酮、异丙醇等等。也可用将掩模置于导电膜/基底衬板下的类似的方法完成微型杯的制备,在这种情况下,紫外光从底部透过掩模进行辐射,并且,基底衬板需要对辐射透明。
通过不透明导电区带曝光
本发明中制备微型杯阵列还有另外一种可选择的方法,如图5A和5B所示的图像曝光方法。可使用不透明导电区带,将其用作从底部曝光的掩模。从顶部透过具有垂直于前述导电区带的不透明区带的第二光掩模进行附加曝光,获得耐用的微型杯杯壁。
图5A图示了用顶部和底部曝光的原理,制备本发明中微型杯阵列(50)。基底导电膜(52)不透明且为区带图案。涂布于基底导电膜(52)和基底(53)上的辐射固化材料(51a),通过用作第一掩模的导电区带图形(52)从底部曝光。透过具有垂直于前述导电区带图案的第二掩模(56),第二次曝光是从顶部进行的。在区带(54)之间的间隔(55)对紫外光基本透明。在本方法中,壁材料(51b)在在一个侧向取向上是从底部向上固化,在与之垂直的侧面取向中是从顶部向下固化,共同形成一个完整的微型杯(57)。
如图5B所示,按照上文所述方法,用溶剂或显影剂去除未曝光部分,显现微型杯(57)。
IV.本发明的密封组分和方法
这种新颖的密封覆盖组分包括以下部分:
(1)溶剂或者溶剂混合物,其与微型杯中的显示器流体不互溶,并且较显示器流体的比重低;以及
(2)热塑性弹性体。
含有热塑性弹性体,对微型杯有良好的相容性,并对显示器流体有良好的阻隔性的密封组分特别有用。有用的热塑性弹性体的例子包括:ABA和(AB)n型二嵌段共聚物、三嵌段共聚物、及多嵌段共聚物,其中,A为苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯、丙烯、降冰片烯(norbornene);B为丁二烯、异戊二烯、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、二甲基硅氧烷、或者是硫化丙烯;式中A和B不可以相同。数字n≥1,优选为1-10。苯乙烯或者α-甲基苯乙烯的二嵌段或者三嵌段共聚物特别有用,例如SB(聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯))、SBS(聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯-b-苯乙烯))、SIS(聚(苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-苯乙烯))、SEBS(聚(苯乙烯-b-乙烯/丁烯-b-苯乙烯))、聚(苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-硫化丙烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b--二甲基硅氧烷-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)。在N.R.Legge,G.Holden和H.E.Schroeder编著的《热塑性弹性体》(Hanser出版社,1987)中可以找到制备热塑性弹性体的介绍。Kraton Polymer公司(得克萨斯州休斯顿)销售的Kraton D和G系列的苯乙烯嵌段共聚物很有用。发现结晶橡胶,如聚(乙烯-共-丙烯-共-5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯),或者EPDM(乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物)橡胶,如Vistalon 6505(得克萨斯州休斯顿Exxon Mobile公司销售),以及它们的接枝共聚物也非常有用。
不为理论局限,发明人相信:在密封涂层干燥中或者之后,热塑性弹性体硬块发生相分离,并作为软的连续相的物理交联剂。本发明的密封组分在整个密封层涂布和干燥过程中明显地强化了密封层的模数和膜完整性。具有低临界表面张力(低于40达因/厘米)和高模数或者高的肖氏A硬度(高于60)的热塑性弹性体,可能由于其对显示器流体的良好的润湿性和膜完整性,因而非常有用。
将热塑性材料溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物中,该溶剂或混合物与微型杯中的显示流体不互溶,并具有低于显示流体的比重。由于对微型杯表面和电泳流体具有更好的润湿性能,低表面张力的溶剂更适于作外涂布组分。表面张力较好为低于35达因/厘米。表面张力优选为低于30达因/厘米。合适的溶剂包括烷烃(优选为C6-12的烷烃,如庚烷、辛烷、Exxon化学公司的Isopar溶剂、壬烷、癸烷及其异构体),环烷烃(优选为C6-12环烷烃,例如:环己烷、十氢化萘等等)、烷基苯(优选为单取代或二取代的C1-6的烷基苯如甲苯、二甲苯等等),烷基酯类(优选为C2-5的烷基酯如醋酸乙酯、醋酸异丁酯等等),以及C3-5的烷基醇(如异丙醇及其同类物和异构体)。烷基苯和烷烃的混合物非常有用。
为了提高对微型杯密封的粘附性,并提供更灵活的涂布工艺,组分中也可以包括润湿剂(例如:3M公司的FC表面活性剂、DuPont公司的Zonyl氟化表面活性剂、氟化丙烯酸酯、氟化甲基丙烯酸酯、氟代长链醇、全氟代长链羧酸,和它们的衍生物,以及美国康奈提格州格林威治OSi公司的Silwet硅树脂表面活性剂。其他成分,在涂布过程中或之后的交联反应和聚合反应中,对于提高密封层的物理机械性质非常有用,包括交联剂(如:二叠氮化合物,例如4,4’-二叠氮基二甲苯(4,4’-diazidodiphenylmethane)和2,6-二-(4’-叠氮苯亚甲基)-4-甲基环己酮(2,6-di-(4’-azidobenzal)-4-methylcyclohexanone)),硫化剂(如2-苯噻唑基二硫化物、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆),多官能团单体或低聚体(如:己二醇、二丙烯酸酯、三甲基醇丙烷、三丙烯酸酯、二乙烯基苯、己二烯邻苯二甲酰烯(diallylnaphthalene),热引发剂(如:过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化苯甲酰),以及光引发剂(如:异丙基噻吨酮(ITX)、Ciba-Geigy公司的Irgacure 651和Irgacure 369)。
通常将密封组分涂布在部分填充的微型杯中,作好外涂层的微型杯在室温下干燥。对密封后的微型杯可以用紫外光辐射或者热烘焙的方法进行后处理,以进一步提高其阻隔性能。因为在微型杯密封层的内部相形成互相渗透的网状物,使密封层对微型杯的粘接也可以通过后固化反应得到提高。
V.微型杯阵列电泳显示器的制备
优选的制备电泳盒的方法如图6A-6D所示。
如图6A所示,微型杯阵(60)可以通过上述部分III所述的任意一种方法来制备。由本文描述的方法制备的未填充的微型杯阵列通常有基底衬板(63),其上镀有底部电极(62)。微型杯的壁(61)从基板向上伸展形成开口的杯。
如图6B所示,将微型杯填充着色介电溶剂(64)中的带电荷颜料微粒(65)的悬浮物。在所示实施例中,每个杯中的组分相同,即为单色显示器情形。为完成本发明的密封处理,微型杯优选为部分填充(以防止溢流),可以利用易挥发溶剂(如:丙酮、甲基乙基酮、异丙醇、正己烷、3M公司的FC-33全氟化溶剂)稀释电泳流体,然后其蒸发获得。当用高沸点的全氟溶剂作为显示流体的连续相时,如HT-200(新泽西Thorofare的Ausimont公司),全氟溶剂如FC-33在控制局部填充方面特别有用。
如图6C所示,填充后,用本发明的密封组分密封微型杯,以形成密封层(66)。通常在部分填充的微型杯上涂布密封组分,并显示流体上干燥。非必选地,密封后的微型杯也可以用紫外光辐射或者热烘焙进行后处理,以进一步提高其阻隔性能。
如图6D所示,用导电膜(67)覆盖密封的电泳微型杯盒阵列(60),优选为用予施胶层(68)的导体(67),该胶层可以是压敏粘合剂,或者热熔粘合剂,或者热、湿、辐射固化粘合剂。如果顶部导电膜对辐射透明,那么可以采用诸如紫外光,透过顶部导电膜辐射对该胶层进行后固化。
VI.颜料/溶剂悬浮物或分散物组分的制备
这里的描述是关于本发明电泳显示的各种实施例,微型杯优选填充分散在介电溶剂中的带电荷颜料微粒,(例如图6B中溶剂(64)和的颜料微粒(65))。可以用各种已知的方法制备颜料微粒分散物,例如:美国专利6,017,584号、5,914,806号、5,573,711号、5,403,518号、5,380,362号、4,680,103号、4,285,801号、4,093,534号、4,071,430号,以及3,668,106号。也可以参照电气和电子工程师协会会报-《(电子装置》(IEEE Trans.Electron Device),ED-24,827(1977),ED-24,824(1977)和J.Appl.Phys.49(9),4820(1978)。
带电荷颜料微粒与其悬浮介质在视觉上存在反差。该介质是一种介电溶剂,优选具有低粘滞性,介电常数在2到30之间,为具备高微粒迁移速率,优选介电常数为约2到15。适当的介电溶剂的例子包括如十氢化萘(DECALIN)、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯(5-ethylidene-2-norbornene)、脂肪油、蜡下油(paraffin oil)等碳氢化合物;如甲苯、二甲苯、苯基二甲苯乙烷、十二烷基苯和烷基萘等芳香族碳氢化合物;如二氯三氟甲苯(dichlorobenzotrifluoride)、3,4,5-三氟化三氯甲苯、氯五氟基苯(chloropentafluoro-benzene)、二氯壬烷、五氯苯等卤化溶剂;如来自明尼苏达州St.Paul的3M公司的FC-43、FC-70和FC-5060的全氟溶剂;低分子量的含卤素的聚合物,如自奥勒岗州Portland的TCI America的聚全氟丙烯醚(poly(perfluoropropylene oxide));聚氯三氟乙烯,如新泽西州River Edge的Halocarbon Product公司的卤烃油;全氟聚烷基醚,如自新泽西州Thorofare的Ausimont公司的Galden、HT-200、Flurolink或是来自特拉华州DuPont的Krytox油和脂K-Fluid系列。在一个优选具体实施例中,使用聚氯三氟乙烯作为介电溶剂。在另一优选的实施例中,使用聚全氟丙烯醚(poly(perfluoropropylene oxide))作为介电溶剂。
从染料或颜料中可以形成一种非迁移流体着色剂。非离子偶氮物和蒽醌染料非常有用。有用染料的例子非限定性地包括:亚利桑那州Pylam Producrts公司的油溶红EGN(Oil Red EGN)、苏丹红、苏丹蓝、油溶蓝(Oil Blue)、Macrolex蓝、溶剂蓝35,亚利桑那州Pylam Products公司的Pylam Spirit黑和Fast Spirit黑;Aldrich公司的Sudan黑B(Sudan Black B);BASF公司的Thermoplastic BlackX-70;Aldrich公司的蒽醌蓝、蒽醌黄114、蒽醌红111和135、蒽醌绿28。在使用全氟化溶剂时,氟化染料非常有用。在使用颜料时,用来使介质产生颜色的非迁移性颜料也可以分散在介电介质中。这些颜料微粒以不带电荷的为好。如果用来使介质产生颜色的非迁移性颜料带电荷,则其最好带有与带电的、迁移性颜料颗粒相反的电荷。如果两种颜料颗粒带有相同性质的电荷,那么它们应该具有不同的电荷密度或电泳移动速率。不论在何种情况下,用来在介质中产生非迁移性流体着色剂的染料或颜料,都必须化学稳定,并且要与悬浮液中的其它成分相容。
该带电荷颜料微粒可为有机或无机颜料,如自Sun化学制品公司的TiO2、酞菁蓝(phthalocyanine blue)、酞菁绿(phthalocyaninegreen)、二芳基黄(diarylide yellow)、二芳基AAOT黄(diarylideAAOT Yellow)、喹吖啶酮(quinacridone)、偶氮(azo)、若丹明(rhodamine)、苝系颜料(perylene pigment series);自Kanto化学制品公司的汉撒黄G(Hansa yellow G)颗粒,以及Fisher公司的碳灯黑(Carbon Lampblack)。优选的是亚微粒子尺寸。该微粒应具有可接受的光学特性,不应被介电溶剂膨胀或软化,并且应该是化学稳定的。在正常的工作条件下,所产生的悬浮物亦必须稳定且能抗沉淀、乳化或凝结。
该迁移性颜料微粒可具有自然电荷,或可使用电荷控制剂直接使之带电,或可在悬浮于介电溶剂时获得电荷。适当的电荷控制剂是本领域熟知的;其可为聚合或非聚合性质,并且可为离子的或非离子的,包括自Chevron化学制品公司的离子表面活性剂,如气溶胶邻联甲苯胺(Aerosol OT)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(dodecylbenzenesulfonate)、OLOA 1200;金属皂,如碱式石油磺酸钙(basic calcium petroleum sulphonate)、碱式水杨酸烷基钙(basiccalcium alkyl salicylate)、水杨酸烷基锌(zinc alkyl salicylate)、烷基二苯醚二磺酸盐(alkyl diphenyloxide sulphonate)(是Dow化学制品公司的Dowfax表面活性剂),聚丁烯丁二酰亚胺(polybutenesuccinimide)、顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物(maleic anhydride copolymers)、乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物(vinylpyrrolidone copolymer)(如来自International Specialty Products的Ganex)、(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物((meth)acrylic acid copolymers)、N,N-二甲基胺基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯共聚物[N,N-dimethylaminoethyl](meth)acrylatecopolymers]。氟化表面活性剂在全氟化碳溶剂中作为溶剂电荷控制剂特别有用。这些包括FC氟化表面活性剂,如3M公司的FC-170C、FC-171、FC-176、FC430、FC431和FC-740;以及Zonyl氟化表面活性剂,如Dupont公司的FSA、FSE、FSN、FSN-100、FSO、FSO-100、FSD和UR。
可通过任何熟知的方法制备适当的带电颜料分散体,包括研磨、碾磨、球磨、气流磨(microfluidizing)以及超声波技术。例如,将细粉末形式的颜料微粒加入悬浮溶剂,所获混合物被球磨数小时,将高度团聚的干颜料粉分散成最初的微粒。虽然不是最理想的,但是在该球磨过程,可对该悬浮物添加用于产生非迁移性流体着色剂的染料或颜料。
可通过使用适当的聚合物将该微粒微囊化,以消除颜料微粒的沉淀或乳化,使其比重与介电溶剂的比重相适应。可用化学或物理方法完成颜料微粒的微囊化。典型的微囊化工艺包括界面聚合、原位聚合、相分离、凝聚、静电涂布、喷雾干燥、流化床涂布、以及溶剂蒸发。
就黑/白的电泳显示器而言,该悬浮物包含分散于黑色溶剂中的带电荷的白色二氧化钛(TiO2)微粒,或分散于一种介电溶剂中的带电荷黑色微粒。黑色染料或染料混合物可被用于产生溶剂的黑色,如Pylam Products公司(亚利桑那州)的Pylam Spirit黑和FastSpirit黑,Aldrich公司的苏丹黑B,BASF公司的Thermoplastic BlackX-70,或一种不可溶的黑色颜料如碳黑。对于其它有色悬浮物来说,有多种可能性。对于减色系统而言,带电荷的二氧化钛(TiO2)微粒可悬浮于蓝绿色、黄色或品红色的介电溶剂中。该蓝绿色、黄色或品红色可使用染料或颜料产生。对于加色系统而言,带电荷的二氧化钛微粒可悬浮于红色、绿色、或蓝色的介电溶剂中,其中该红色、绿色、或蓝色亦可使用染料或颜料产生。大多数的应用最好采用这种红色、绿色、或蓝色系统。
实施例
实施例1微型杯配方
占重量35份的Ebercryl600(UCB),40份SR-399(Startomer),10份Ebecryl 4827(UCB),7份Ebecryl 1360(UCB),8份HDDA(UCB),以及0.05份Irgacure369(Ciba Specialty化学制品公司),0.01份异丙醇噻吨酮(isopropyl thioxanthone)(Aldrich公司),均匀混合,用于微模压制备。
实施例2微型杯阵列的制备
由5份Ebecryl 830,2.6份SR-399(Sartomer公司),1.8份Ebecry1701,1份PMMA(分子量350,000,Aldrich公司),0.5份Irgacure500,40份甲基乙酮(MEK)组成的初始溶液,用一#3Myrad棒将其涂布在2密耳(1/1000英寸)的60欧姆/□(方块电阻单位ohm/sq)的ITO/PET膜(蒙大拿州Sheldahl公司),干燥,使用Zeta7410(5瓦/厘米2,自Loctite公司)曝光装置在空气中进行紫外光固化15分钟。按照实施例1方法制备的微型杯配方组分,涂布在经过处理的ITO/PET膜上,目标厚度约50微米,用Ni-Co阳模进行模压,其上有60(长)×60(宽)微米、高度为25-50微米的重复突起方块,间隔为10微米宽。从PET侧进行紫外固化20秒,用2”剥离棒以4-5英尺/分钟的速度脱模。用具有对应突起高度的阳模制备出了深度为25-50微米的明确定义的微型杯。同样的步骤可以制备不同尺寸的各种微型杯阵列,例如70(长)×70(宽)×35(深)×10(间隔),100(长)×100(宽)×35(深)×10(间隔),100(长)×100(宽)×30(深)×10(间隔)微米。
实施例3颜料分散物
用均质器将6.42克Ti Pure R706在溶液中分散,该溶液含有Ausimont公司的Fluorolink D 1.94克、Ausimont公司的Fluorolink70040.22克、3M公司的氟化铜酞化青染料0.37克、Ausimont公司的全氟代溶剂HT-20052.54克。
实施例4颜料分散物
与实施例3相同,所不同的是用新泽西Highstown的Elimentis公司和Du Pont公司的外包聚合物的TiO2颗粒PC-9003和Krytox,分别被取代Ti Pure R706和Fluorolink。
实施例5微型杯密封
用3M公司的挥发性全氟化共溶剂FC-33,将按照实施例3方法制备的电泳流体稀释,涂布在按照实施例2制备的35微米深的微型杯阵上。挥发性溶剂挥发,得到部分填充的微型杯阵。将溶在庚烷中的7.5%的聚异戊二烯(97%顺式,Aldrich公司),用通用的3密耳开口的刮刀式涂布器涂在部分填充的杯上。经过涂布的微型杯在室温下干燥。在微型杯阵列上形成了一无缝的约为7-8微米厚,具有合适粘度和合适均匀度的密封层。在显微镜下观察,看不到被封闭的空气泡。再用一个预涂有胶层的ITO/PET导体覆在密封的微型杯上。电泳盒有良好的抗弯曲能力,表现出令人满意的转换性能。在66℃的炉中陈化5天,无可观察到的重量损失。
实施例6微型杯密封
与实施例5相同,不同之处是聚异戊二烯层减小到4微米,用2密耳开口的刮刀式涂布器涂布。在光学显微镜下,可以清晰地看到针孔和密封层开裂。
实施例7-14微型杯密封
与实施例5相同,不同之处是用聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(Butvar 72,蒙大拿州St.Louis的Solutia公司)、热塑性弹性体如SIS(Kraton D1107,15%苯乙烯)、SBS(Kraton D1101,31%苯乙烯)、SEBS(Kraton G1650和FG1901,30%苯乙烯)、和EPDM(Vistalon 6505,57%乙烯)取代密封层。结果列在表1中。如表1所示,即使在宽开口的微型杯上,使用该热塑性弹性体也能获得更薄而且质量更好的密封。
表1微型杯的密封
| 实施例 | 密封聚合物 | 涂布溶液 | 预计干燥厚度 | 杯尺寸(长×宽×高×间隔)微米 | 涂层质量(目测) | 涂层质量(显微镜下观察) |
| 比较6 | 聚异戊二烯(97%顺式) | 7.5%溶于庚烷 | 4-5微米 | 60×60×35×10 | 一般 | 针孔,开裂 |
| 比较5 | 聚异戊二烯(97%顺式) | 7.5%溶于庚烷 | 7-8微米 | 60×60×35×10 | 好 | 好 |
| 比较7 | 聚苯乙烯 | 30%溶于甲苯 | 7-8微米 | 60×60×35×10 | 很差,严重脱湿 | 密封不完整,有缺陷 |
| 比较8 | Butvar 72 | 8.5%溶于异丙醇 | 4-5微米 | 60×60×35×10 | 重现性差 | 一般 |
| 9 | SIS(KratonD1107);15%苯乙烯 | 4%溶于庚烷 | 4-5微米 | 70×70×35×10 | 好 | 好 |
| 10 | SIS(KratonD1107);15%苯乙烯 | 4%溶于庚烷 | 3-4微米 | 100×100×30×10 | 好 | 好 |
| 11 | SBS(KratonD1101);31%苯乙烯 | 10%溶于甲苯/庚烷(20/80) | 4-5微米 | 70×70×35×10 | 好 | 好 |
| 12 | SEBS(KratonFG1901,30%苯乙烯,1.5%马来酐) | 10%溶于二甲苯/Isopar E(5/95) | 4-5微米 | 70×70×35×10 | 好 | 好 |
| 13 | SEBS(KratonG1650,30%苯乙烯) | 5%溶于甲苯/庚烷(5/95) | 4-5微米 | 70×70×35×10 | 好 | 好 |
| 14 | EPDM(Vistalon6505,57%乙烯) | 10%溶于Isopar E | 4-5微米 | 70×70×35×10 | 好 | 好 |
虽然本发明已经参考其特定的具体实施例而加以描述,但是对于本领域的技术人员来说,可以容易地对上述实施方案进行多种修改和改进,或应用于其它领域。可以做多种的改变,以及有多种的等效物可以取代。此外,可以做许多修改来适合特殊的情况、材料、组分、方法、一个方法步骤或多个步骤,而不偏离本发明的目的、精神和范围。所有这些改动均在本发明专利申请权利要求范围内。
例如,应该注意到本发明用来制备微型杯阵列的方法也可以用来制备液晶显示器件。相似的,本发明中微型杯选择性填充和ITO层叠的方法也可以用于制备液晶显示器件。
因而,本发明的保护范围由权利要求所限定。
组件符号说明
10 微型杯阵列集合
11 电极板
12 微型杯盒
13 电极板
14 着色介电溶剂
15 带电荷颜料微粒
16 盒壁
17 盒底部
18 密封覆盖层
40 微型杯阵列
41a 辐射固化材料
41b 与光掩模投影图形一致的壁
42 导电电极膜
43 基底衬板
44 深色方块
45 透明区域
46 掩模
47 微型杯
50 微型杯阵列
51a 辐射固化材料
51b 壁材料
52 基底导电膜
53 基底
54 区带
55 间隔
56 第二掩模
57 微型杯
60 微型杯阵
61 微型杯的壁
62 底部电极
63 基底衬板
64 着色介电溶剂
65 带电荷颜料微粒
66 密封层
67 导电膜
68 予施胶层
w 微型杯宽度
t 微型杯壁厚
h 微型杯壁高
Claims (37)
1.一种用于密封显示器盒的组分,所述的组分包括:
a)与所述显示器盒内的电泳流体或液晶组分不相溶并且比重较所述电泳流体或液晶组分低的溶剂或溶剂混合物,以及
b)热塑性弹性体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组分,其中所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物表面张力低于35达因/厘米。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组分,其中所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物表面张力低于30达因/厘米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组分,其中所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物选自烷烃、环烷烃、烷基苯、烷基酯,以及C3-5的烷基醇。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组分,其中所述的溶剂为庚烷、辛烷、壬烷、环己烷、十氢化萘、甲苯、二甲苯,及它们的异构体和混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组分,其中所述的热塑性弹性体选自二嵌段、三嵌段、和多嵌段的ABA和(AB)n型共聚物,
其中
A为苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯、丙烯、或降冰片烯,
B为丁二烯、异戊二烯、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、二甲基硅氧烷、或硫化丙烯,且A、B不同,以及
n≥1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组分,其中n为1-10。
8.根据权利要求6所述的组分,其中所述的热塑性弹性体为聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-乙烯/丁烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-硫化丙烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-α-甲基苯乙烯),及它们的接枝共聚物和衍生物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组分,其中所述的热塑性弹性体为聚(乙烯-共-丙烯-共-5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物,及它们的接枝共聚物和衍生物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组分,进一步包括一种可与所述的热塑性弹性体的所述的嵌段之一相容的热塑性材料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组分,其中所述的热塑性材料选自聚苯乙烯和聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的组分,进一步包括一种润湿剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的组分,其中所述的润湿剂选自表面活性剂、氟化丙烯酸酯、氟化甲基丙烯酸酯、氟代长链醇、全氟代长链羧酸。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组分,进一步包括一种或多种以下试剂:交联剂、硫化剂、多官能团的单体、或低聚物、热引发剂,或光引发剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的组分,其中所述的交联剂是一种二叠氮化合物;以及所述的硫化剂是一种二硫化物。
16.根据权利要求13所述的组分,其中所述的表面活性剂为ZONYL氟化表面活性剂或SIL WET硅氧烷表面活性剂。
17.根据权利要求15所述的组分,其中所述二叠氮化合物为4,4’-二叠氮基二甲苯、或2,6-二-(4’-叠氮苯亚甲基)-4-甲基环己酮。
18.根据权利要求15所述的组分,其中所述二硫化物为2-苯噻唑基二硫化物、或二硫化四甲基秋兰姆。
19.一种用于电泳显示器制备的密封方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将微型杯阵列填充以电泳流体;
b)用密封组分涂布覆盖所述的电泳流体,所述密封组分包括:
一种与所述微型杯内的所述电泳流体不相溶、并且较所述电泳流体的比重低的溶剂或者溶剂混合物,
热塑性弹性体;以及
c)将所述的密封组分干燥以形成一密封层。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,进一步包括将所述密封层用紫外光曝光或热烘焙。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物表面张力低于35达因/厘米。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物表面张力低于30达因/厘米。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的溶剂或溶剂混合物选自烷烃、环烷烃、烷基苯、烷基酯、及C3-5烷基醇。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述的溶剂为庚烷、辛烷、壬烷、环己烷、十氢化萘、甲苯、二甲苯,及它们的异构体和混合物。
25.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的热塑性弹性体选自二嵌段、三嵌段、和多嵌段的ABA和(AB)n型共聚物,
其中
A为苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯、丙烯、或降冰片烯,
B为丁二烯、异戊二烯、乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、二甲基硅氧烷、或硫化丙烯,且A、B不同,以及
n≥1。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中n为1-10。
27.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的热塑性弹性体为聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-丁二烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-乙烯/丁烯-b-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-异戊二烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-硫化丙烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)、及聚(α-甲基苯乙烯-b-二甲基硅氧烷-b-α-甲基苯乙烯),以及它们的接枝共聚物和衍生物。
28.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述的热塑性弹性体为聚(乙烯-共-丙烯-共-5-亚甲基-2-降冰片烯)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃三元共聚物,以及它们的接枝共聚物和衍生物。
29.根据权利要求19所述的方法,进一步包括一种可与热塑性弹性体的嵌段之一相容的热塑性材料。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述的热塑性材料选自聚苯乙烯和聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
31.根据权利要求19所述的方法,进一步包括一种润湿剂。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述的润湿剂选自表面活性剂、氟化丙烯酸酯、氟化甲基丙烯酸酯、氟代长链醇、全氟代长链羧酸。
33.根据权利要求19所述的方法,进一步包括一种或多种以下试剂:交联剂、硫化剂、多官能团的单体或低聚物、热引发剂、或光引发剂。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述的交联剂为二叠氮化合物;以及所述的硫化剂是二硫化物。
35.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述的表面活性剂为ZONYL氟化表面活性剂或SIL WET硅氧烷表面活性剂。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述二叠氮化合物为4,4’-二叠氮基二甲苯、或2,6-二-(4’-叠氮苯亚甲基)-4-甲基环己酮。
37.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述二硫化物为2-苯噻唑基二硫化物、或二硫化四甲基秋兰姆。
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| US09/874,391 US20020188053A1 (en) | 2001-06-04 | 2001-06-04 | Composition and process for the sealing of microcups in roll-to-roll display manufacturing |
| US09/874,391 | 2001-06-04 |
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| CN1389534A CN1389534A (zh) | 2003-01-08 |
| CN1237140C true CN1237140C (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
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| US (3) | US20020188053A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1401953A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4322663B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100859305B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1237140C (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2448440A1 (zh) |
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2002
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| CN100514136C (zh) * | 2006-02-08 | 2009-07-15 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 显示面板的制造方法 |
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| US20030004254A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
| US20030035885A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
| WO2002098977A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| US7005468B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
| TWI301211B (en) | 2008-09-21 |
| US7144942B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
| US20020188053A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| JP4322663B2 (ja) | 2009-09-02 |
| EP1401953A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| KR100859305B1 (ko) | 2008-09-19 |
| CA2448440A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| KR20040006017A (ko) | 2004-01-16 |
| MXPA03011144A (es) | 2004-02-26 |
| JP2005509690A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
| CN1389534A (zh) | 2003-01-08 |
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