CS204503B1 - Method of preservation and / or fortification of vegetable matter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves the effective preservation and usually also the fortification of plant matter, especially silage, especially haylage for polygastric animals, using available non-toxic preservative agents. An addition product of urea with inorganic acid or acids is added to the plant matter, whereby the addition product is prepared separately and/or "in situ" when adding 1 to the plant matter from urea and inorganic acid or acids at a molar ratio of urea to acid of 1 to 0.33 to 2, optionally additionally by adding other preservative and/or fortifying additives.

Description

The invention provides for the effective preservation and, as a rule, also the fortification of plant foods, especially ensiled ones, especially those intended for polygastric animals, and by using available non-toxic preservatives.

It is known to use inorganic and particularly strong organic acids as preservatives for vegetable oils, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfurous acid, formic acid, acetic acid (Czech Pat. No. 52,988,

691, 55,552 and 120,464). However, these agents also have a strong corrosive effect, and in addition, they can irritate, damage or even damage the skin, all of which makes their handling and application difficult. Therefore, the use of salts of these acids has been switched to, especially salts of organic acids with alkaline metals and earths, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and formate, calcium lauryl sulfate, calcium formate, salts of salicylic acid, salts of non-toxic inorganic acids, mainly sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, sodium nitrite (Czech Republic Pat. 52,987, 57,249, 65,664, 67,928 and 72,216, German Republic Pat. 1,009,468 and 1,048,132, USA Pat. 2,714,67) etc. The disadvantage, however, is the need for precise dosing and thorough homogenization when mixing bulk feeds and the fact that the above substances only have a preservative effect. Fresh raw feed can also be preserved by adding an aqueous solution of formaldehyde or a mixture of formaldehyde with other preservatives, such as formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid (French Pat. 2,010,078) or with non-toxic acids, such as propionic acid, by adding about 2.5% urea, which acts as an inhibitor of formaldehyde polymorphism (French Pat. 2,161,099) * German Federal Republic Pat.

555 558). Despite the high efficiency, the disadvantage is the unpleasant smell of formaldehyde and acids, as well as the harmful effect on the skin, which both makes it impossible to manipulate such silage feed and can reduce the appetite of animals. Some antibiotics, such as Zabaltraoin, are effective silage additives that significantly support the fermentation process, but the application of antibiotics in feed, even for peligrastric animals, is obviously undesirable.

The above-mentioned shortcomings are solved and the advantages of known preparations are utilized by the preparation of concentrates, strengthening, especially senescence and, as a rule, simultaneous fortification according to the invention.

According to the invention, the preservation and/or fortification of plant matter, especially ensiling, preferably with biologically valuable additives, usually in the form of aqueous solutions, suspensions and/or powders, is carried out by adding to the raw material, once or after each addition, an adduct of urea with an inorganic acid or acids, preferably trihydrophosphoric acid and/or polyphosphoric acids, in an amount of 0.01 to 3% by weight, and preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, calculated on the dry matter of the plant matter, the adduct being prepared separately and/or "in situ" when applied to the plant matter from urea and an inorganic acid or acids at a molar ratio of urea to acids of 1 to 0.33 to 2, preferably 1 to 0.8 to 1.2, or add additives and/or fortify with additives.

The advantage of the preservation and/or fortification of plant roots according to the present invention is

204 503 lezu Good conservation efficiency* by adding urea products with acids, iodine-rich teabniaki, a preservative production agent, easy to clean, hygienic and safe for health*. In addition, the fact that the zilázmz agent, in addition to the preservative effect, also has a fortflflcation, but apparently amtrlBy component, is especially important, due to the amount of dofioit phosphorus, daeík and possibly thiofi sulfur in silages and in fodder for polygastric animals.

The method according to this invention can be applied* to preservation, especially* ensiling, reduction and other known ways of preserving plant parts, while it does not exclude the application of all known preservatives, additives, bioelement compounds, or feed supplements, vitamins, etc.

For the preservation and/or fortification of plant matter according to the present invention, amounts of from 0.01 to 3% by weight of the additive product, or of the additive products, calculated on the dry matter of the plant matter are applied. Amounts close to the lower limit are quite risky, especially in cases of lower quality of the starting plant matter, therefore it is safe to use amounts above 0.05% by weight of the additive products. At amounts above 0.8% by weight, from the point of view of preservation, this is an excessive amount, but in cases where the additive product is urea phosphate, a fortifying effect is usually obtained, so that such silage may be particularly suitable for the nutrition of young cattle and dairy cows, especially in combination with calcium chloride.

According to this invention, it concerns preservative and/or fortification agents, created by adding urea with an inorganic acid or carrier of anoxygenic acids, or created separately with individual inorganic acids and used as a carrier of sweetening products. For the preparation of an additive product or a mixture of additive products, trihydrophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, neutralized (acidic) ammonium salts of trihydrophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus oxides, especially phosphoric oxide, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, including sulfur dioxide, are considered for the preparation of an additive product or a mixture of additive products. Addl product can be applied* as finished, e.g. commercial product, it is necessary to create it* mainly in the form of aqueous roatoks from vyohodiskový raw materials or done in situ during the preparation of own oil. The molar ratio of urea to acid can be in the range 1:0.33 to 2, most preferably in the range 1:0.8 to 1.2. Wider ranges are permissible at least in the case of trihydrophosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acids, more caution should be taken especially in the case of sulfuric acid. In the case of this acid, the molar excess of urea should be minimal.

It is clear from the introduction that the editorial products can be applied both in the form of crystalline substances, as well as aqueous solutions together with other nutritionally useful or at least permissible substances and compounds. Further details of the method of the invention, as well as other advantages, are apparent from example v.

204 303

Example 1

First, they will conduct orientation experiments with mowed meadow grass, which they will put into polyethylene bags with a urea phosphate content (ν&,^ΟΟ.Η^ΡΟ^) ranging from 0.05 1* to 2% by weight. During two months, they will show that perfect preservation is achieved when using 0.2% by weight of urea phosphate.

Example 2

For pilot experiments on the conservation of meadow vegetation with an efficiency of 23.5% by weight, urea phosphate was used as a preservative (elemental analysis: 17.7% N and 19.6% P).

For silage storage, silage pits will be used, with urea phosphate in the amount of 0.2% by weight used as a preservative and fortifying agent in pit no. 1 and in pit no. 2 in the amount of 0.3% by weight. For silage storage in pit no. 3, 150 g of Zn-baonite and in pit no. 4, 80 g of 2n-baonite per 1,000 kg of silage will be used. All silage samples will be taken after 7 weeks. The results of silage analyses in individual pits are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Silage pit number 1 2 3 4 Type and quantity of ailage- Phosphate Phosphate Za-baoitraoín Zn-baoitraoin than the agent urea 0.2% by weight urea 0.3 i» wt. 0.015 1» wt. 0.008% wt. Analysis and management: PH lactic acid 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 (jt mass) oic acid 2.71 2.19 3.42 3.44 mass) butyric acid 0.50 0.63 0.55 0.55 ^: (¼ wt.) 0.03 0.09 0.0 0.0 P mass.) 0.88 0.94 0.63 0.67 Ca ($ wt.) 1.87 1.91 2.09 2.29 Dry matter) 39.42 36.84 43.53 45.12 N x 6.25 _ 5.33 6.84 4.55 4.96

Other analysis values do not have significant differences.

The rating of the individual events is as follows:

pit no. 1 - I. excellent} excellent values, the fermentation process successful, the aroma is aromatic, the color is light brown}

204 503 pit 8.2-1. excellent; excellent values, thermal process successful, odor aromatic, color avetlohbrown pit 8. 3 - I. excellent) sonage good, fermentation prooos volbti successful, zapaoh «eaatioic, color brownish) pit δ.4- II. successful) of good value, fermentation process less successful, coacervation process in order, untypical shade, light brown color.

Dairy cattle and other livestock receive hay of good quality.

Example 3

The procedure is similar to that in Example 2, except that instead of crystalline urea phosphate, 73 wt. parts of trihydrophosphoric acid with a concentration of 82 wt. % (i.e. 59.86 wt. parts of 100% HgSO4) are taken to prepare a preservative solution, a mixture of urea phosphate and urea chloride, which is then added to 200 wt. parts of spring water, to which 15 wt. parts of 62 wt. % hydrogen peroxide (i.e. 9.3 wt. parts of 100% HgSO4) are then added, and 39 wt. parts of crystalline urea are then added with constant stirring. After dissolution and reaction with the acids present, 327 wt. parts of an aqueous solution of the above-mentioned addition products are obtained, in which the amount of pure substance, i.e. of own additive products is 108.16 mass parts. For preserving the wine, 0.2% by mass and 0.3% by mass of these additive products are used, while taking care of the delayed mixing and the wine. When evaluating the preservative effect, the quality of the wine is also evaluated after 7 weeks, which is in both cases I. - excellent, achieving excellent values, the fermentation process is very successful, its smell is aromatic and the color is light.

Claims (1)

4,204,503 jama 6.2-1. excellent) excellent values, successful fermentation process, aroma flavor, light brown color, pit 8. 3 - I. excellent silage, fermentation prooes successful, aromatic flavor, brownish color, pit δ.4- II. good) good value, fermentation process less successful, preservative process OK, uncharacteristic, light brown color. Dojnioe and other bovine cattle embrace silage vettai goodness. EXAMPLE 3 The procedure is similar to Example 2, except that instead of the crystalline urea phosphate, 73 wt.% Of urea phosphate is collected to prepare a preservative, urea phosphate mixture with urea sulfate. Trifluorophosphoric acid. 82 wt. (i.e., 59.86 parts by weight as 100% by weight), which is heated to 200% by weight. parts of the stagnant water, to which 15 wt. of sulfuric acid by kono. 62 wt. (i.e., 9.3 parts by weight of 100% by weight of H 2 SO 4) and 39 wt. part of the crystalline urea. After dissolving and reacting with the acids present, 327 wt. parts of the aqueous solution of said addition products in which the amount of the cleansing agent, i.e. the self-limiting product, is 108.16 wt. parts. 0.2% by weight of 0.3% by weight is used to preserve the silage. In addition, the quality of silage, which is in the case of the case I, is also evaluated for 7 weeks, with excellent, excellent value, the fermentation process is very efficient, its aromatic flavor and light brown color. . BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The method of preserving and / or fortifying vegetable herbal extracts, in particular ensiled, with the advantage of enriching biologically valuable ingredients, generally in the form of aqueous solutions, sus-pension! and / or a powder, characterized in that a urea addition product with an inorganic acid or acids, preferably with a hydrochloride and / or polyphosphoric acid, is added to the plant material in an amount of 0.01 to 3% by weight, preferably 0% by weight. 1 to 1% by weight, based on the dry matter content, the addition product being prepared separately and / or "in situ" when applied to the urea and inorganic acid or acid moieties at a molar ratio of urea to cysteine 1: From 0.33 to 2, preferably from 1: 0.8 to 1.2, optionally with additive preservative and / or fortification additives.