CS222872B1 - Anti-fretting agent for loose and lumpy materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention entitled "Anti-freezing agent for loose and lumpy materials" solves the question of a suitable anti-freezing agent for loose and lumpy materials based on by-products from the production of polymethylolalycans, it uses pentaerythritol, which can be effectively combined with other waste products, and with a suitable quantitative measure, the freezing points can be set taking into account the weather conditions, but also the water content in materials to which the agent is applied. The invention can be used primarily in the transport of coal, ore and other similar loose and piece materials.

Description

The invention with the title "Anti-freeze agent for bulk and custard-like materials" solves the question of a suitable anti-freeze agent for bulk and lump materials based on by-products from the production of polymethylolallanes, in particular pentaerythritol. taking into account the weather conditions as well as the water content of the materials to which the composition is applied.

The invention can be used in particular for the transport of coal, ore and other similar bulk and lump materials.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an anti-freeze composition for loose and lump materials at low temperatures which avoids the freezing of transported or bulk loose and lump materials at low temperatures on the basis of by-products from industrial processes.

Coal, ores and other materials used in various sectors of industry and construction always contain some moisture or otherwise present water, the amount of which can vary due to various influences, including weather conditions. In the winter period, the water present freezes the transported or loose materials. This worsens the essential situation, in particular when unloading raw materials from transport facilities. In these cases, frozen loads are most often thawed by supplying heat in various forms (warm air, steam, direct flame, etc.). The energy consumption in this process is very high, and if the flame is used directly, the transport equipment is often damaged and the operators of the de-icing equipment are at risk.

For this reason, attempts have already been made to use anti-icing means to prevent the materials from freezing during transport, but also when stored in landfills. The protection of coal against the effects of low temperatures is dealt with by Hubáček: [Fuels 48, 6 (1984)]. As antifreeze agents it uses chemical compounds to lower the freezing point of the resulting aqueous solutions, in particular alkali metal or alkaline earth chlorides, most often sodium or calcium chloride. The addition of chlorides is also recommended by Schmidt: [Coke 3, 60 (1941)] and Dickinson: [Minning Engeneering 7, 872 (1952)]. However, the use of inorganic chlorides has major drawbacks, especially in view of the high corrosive properties of these compounds.

In addition to inorganic chlorides, the use of certain petroleum fractions is recommended. From this class of anti-icing agents, good results were obtained using the kerosene fraction. Even in this case, however, negative properties predominate, in particular flammability, odor and immiscibility with water, so that when applied to a material with an increased moisture content, the sticking of the oil fractions is considerably limited.

Recently, it has been recommended to use mixtures of polyhydric alcohols, or mixtures thereof with water, as anti-icing agents. The use of these mixtures as the so-called. antifreeze is widespread in the automotive industry. These are mainly mixtures of ethylene glycol, resp. propylene glycol with water. However, the toxicity of ethylene glycol in this case also greatly limits the use of this compound as an antifreeze agent in open equipment and, moreover, the use of relatively high costs also limits their use.

These drawbacks greatly limit the use of the described compositions as anti-freeze agents for bulk and lump materials.

All of these negative effects are eliminated by the anti-freeze agent of loose and lump materials based on the oxygen-containing organic compounds of the invention, usually a surfactant, anticoagulant additive and water, consisting of 50 to 99.8% by weight aqueous by-products of formaldehyde condensation products. other carbonyl compounds having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of alkaline reactants, preferably from the production of pentatritol, and the remainder to 100% consisting of at least one of water, aliphatic compounds with at least one hydroxyl group, inorganic salts, surfactants and anticorrosive additives .

The greatest advantage of the composition according to the invention is that its constituent component is a by-product from the production of polymethyloalkanes, especially pentaerythritol, which is economically very attractive and at the same time virtually completely non-toxic, which can be documented by the partial use of polyhydroxy compounds in livestock feed used in the production of pentaerythritol as a binder component in the production of granular compound feed. Another great advantage is that the composition is practically non-corrosive and chemically inactive against all metallic materials and synthetic macromolecular substances, particularly in binders of paints. The content of residual minerals is also low, of which calcium formate is the only representative. In addition, the use of alcoholic compounds having a low water content or anhydrous such as e.g. distillation residues from the production of glycols can be conveniently adjusted to the desired concentration and hence the freezing point, in particular taking into account weather conditions.

The composition of the present invention is a liquid consisting of a mixture of water and polyhydroxy compounds formed by the alkaline condensation of formaldehyde. Advantageously, so-called " syrups falling off as mother liquors in the process of industrial production of pentaerythritol from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in an alkaline medium, mainly using calcium hydroxide as a catalyst. After separation of the main reaction products t. j. pentaerythritol and calcium formate, the mother liquor remains as waste and contains, in addition to pentaerytitol and calcium formate, a considerable amount of formaldehyde condensation products - polyhydroxy compounds, consisting mainly of pentoses and hexoses. The product has an average composition of 7 to 9 wt. pentaerythritol, 10 to

% Wt. calcium formate, 20 to 45 wt. % polyhydroxy compounds and 33 to 63 wt. water and can be used, either directly or in admixture with other alcoholic compounds, as a means of preventing the freezing of bulk and lump materials at low temperatures.

Suitable aliphatic organic compounds with at least one hydroxyl group are, in particular, the lower alkanols such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanols, in particular in the raw state, further glyphols such as monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycols, ethylene glycols, glycerine, methylglycerine or products containing said substances. they are usually produced as technological waste, either as distillation ancestors or distillation residues.

The amount of these substances added depends essentially on the desired freezing point of the composition to be prepared, taking into account the relative humidity of the material to which the composition is to be applied.

To improve wetting properties, especially when applied to rubber conveyor belts, any type of surfactant may be added to the product of the above composition, preferably wastes from surfactant production, but containing an active wetting component. The amount of surfactant added to the antifreeze composition of the present invention is at most 5% by weight.

The antifreeze composition of the present invention is a dark brown liquid of a substantially pleasant caramel odor, practically unlimitedly miscible with water, its viscosity being dependent on the ratio of water and other ingredients in the composition, but at temperatures below 0 ° C the viscosity is suitable for application. method.

The proitinitic fluid according to the invention can be used for wetting the entire transported volume, but also for wetting the surface of conveying devices, in particular wagons, rubber conveyor belts, car bodies and the like, especially in the case of short-term transportation of materials, for example thermal power plants and the like. Conventional techniques such as spraying, coating, watering and the like are used for sewing.

The advantages of using the anti-freeze agent according to the present invention are obvious from the following examples.

Example 1

Brown coal of 5 to 30 mm grain size is poured onto a rubber mat and cooled to -15 degrees Celsius. Cooling yields a compact mixture that can be broken and separated from the rubber mat only mechanically. A similar result is obtained when using a metal container.

Example 2

Charge brown coal with a grain size as in Example 1, which is charged into a metal vessel. sprayed with a 1: 1 mixture of water and polyhydroxy compounds. The mixture was prepared by alkaline formaldehyde condensation. For 100 g of coal, 5 g of a solution of the above composition is used. The coal is cooled to -15 ° C and left at this temperature for 1 hour. After this time, the coal can be freely emptied from the vessel.

Example 3

Under the same conditions as in Example 2, mother liquors used in the preparation of pentaerythritol are used to prevent freezing (the content of polyhydroxy compounds in the solution used is 53% by weight). Cooling does not freeze the coal used.

Example 4

The rubber pad was sprayed with the solution used in Example 3 to which 0.5 wt. sodium dodecylbenzenesulfophane as a wetting agent. Charcoal is poured onto the substrate so treated as in Example 1. Cooling to -15 ° C freezes the coal, but can be easily separated from the rubber substrate.

Claims (2)

222872 With 13 wt. calcium formate, 20 to 45% by weight; polyhydroxy compound and 33-63 wt. water and can either be used directly or in admixture with other alcoholic compounds as a means to prevent the particulate and lump material from slipping at low temperatures. Suitable aliphatic organic compounds at least with one hydroxyl group are, in particular, lower alkanols such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanols, especially in the raw state, glyphols of acomonopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycols, ethylene glycols, glycerin, methyl-glycerol or products containing these substances which are usually produced as technological waste, either as distillation ancestors or as distillation residues. The added amount of these substances depends essentially on the desired solidification temperature of the mixture to be prepared, taking into account the appropriate moisture content of the material to which it is to be applied. To improve the wetting properties, especially when applied to rubber conveyor belts, any type of surfactant may be added to the product of the aforementioned composition, preferably the product of the surfactant, but containing an effective wetting agent. The amount of surfactant added to the anti-freezing agent according to the invention is at most 5% by weight. The anti-icing agent according to the invention is a dark brown liquid essentially of a pleasant caramel odor, practically unlimitedly miscible with water, its viscosity being dependent on the ratio of water and other components in the mixture, even at temperatures below 0 ° C the viscosity is suitable for application of the composition by any method. The pro-icing liquid according to the invention can be used for wetting the entire transported volume, but also for wetting the surfaces of conveying devices, in particular wagons, conveyor belts, automobile bodies and the like, especially in the case of short-term transport of materials, e.g. mine into nearby thermal e-power plants and the like. Conventional procedures such as spraying, coating, pouring, and the like are used for washing. The advantages of using the anti-fouling agent of the particulate and lumpy materials of the present invention are evident from the following examples. EXAMPLE 1 Brown coal, 5 to 30 mm grain size, is poured onto a gumi mat and moistened to < 15 degrees Celsius. By cooling, a compact mixture is obtained which can be broken and separated only mechanically from the rubber pad. A similar result is also obtained with a metal container. EXAMPLE 2 Brown coal is poured into the metal container as in Example 1, which is used. spraying with a 1: 1 mixture of water and polyhydroxy compound. The mixture is prepared by alkaline condensation of formaldehyde. 5 g of a solution of the above composition are used per 100 g of carbon. Cooled to -15 ° C and allowed to warm for 1 hour. After this time, the container can be emptied loose. EXAMPLE 3 Under the same conditions as in Example 2, wet liquors used in the production of pentaerythritol are used to prevent freezing (the polyhydroxy compound content of the solution is 53% by weight). Cooling does not freeze the seed. Example 4 A rubber pad was sprayed with the solution used in Example 3 to which 0.5 wt. sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as wetting agent. Charcoal is poured onto the tamped substrate as in Example 1. Cooling to -15 ° C causes the coal to freeze, but can be easily detached from the rubber pad. OBJECT CLAIMS 1. An anti-fouling agent of particulate oxygen-based compound materials comprising a conventional benzene, an aniticor additive and water, characterized in that it contains 50 to 99.3% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds. aqueous solution of by-products from the preparation of formaldehyde condensation products with other C 2 -C 6 carbonyl compounds with the presence of alkali reactants, preferably the production of pentaerythritol, and the remainder to 100% DISCHARGE is composed of at least one of water, aliphatic compounds with at least one hydroxyl group, inorganic salts, surfactants and anticorrosion additives. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic organic compound is at least one hydroxyl group present in the mixture as crude products, preferably as distillation residues or distillation ancestors.