CS238805B1 - Equipment and equipment for power capacitor disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the disposal of power capacitors. The essence of the solution lies in the disassembly of the capacitor, rinsing of its metal parts, disintegration! in the environment of a dielectric liquid, sedimentation and washing of settled parts. The dielectric liquid is distilled at a pressure of 14 kPa to 0.01 Pa and the distillate is stabilized and refined. The device for the disposal of power capacitors consists of an opening box connected to a removal box and a cutting box, further of a distillation block and a reservoir. Wherein between the cutting box and the distillation block are connected a disintegrator of capacitor coils connected to a distribution tower, and through a sedimentator with reservoirs.

Description

He emits a velvet method. for feeding the genoration of the electrodes three mm; of liquids, which are part of a system of electric capacitors made of an electrical cross-section, where appropriate, to obtain some of the materials used to construct electrical condensers.

The electrical condensers incorporating the dimensions, also called force censors, are used most often :; to compensate the cos φ loss factor in the electrical network. They are constructed of multiple coils consisting of a thin aluminum foil in the function of the electrode separated from the other electrode by one or more layers of rigid dielectric paper and / or a dielectric impregnated plastic a liquid which discharges the pores in the dielectric between the solid dielectric layers and between the solid dielectric electrodes. For the impregnation of dielectric systems, the most commonly used are mineral oils, synthetic oil is polypropylene oil, polybutene oil, and especially oils such as polychlorinated biphenyls, chloro-alkylated biphenyls or light blends, the dielectric material can contain up to 30% by weight . kva-palnélio diolcklrika. We terminate the condenser operation, where the resin is 5 to 20 years old, is usually caused by the electrical cross-section of the dielectric system, which results from the degradation of long-term materials and dielectric liquid by partial decomposition into unwanted fumes from which time! is of an ionic nature. Their liquidation and controllable way, the possibility of penetration of their contents into the eco-system is dangerous, from the fortress of their food chain of crops pedigree crops and plants animals — human to human organism. As a consequence of its high stability and very slow degradation, polychlorinated biphenyls pose a great danger to the pre-ecosystem in nature, the illusions dissolve in fats. a solution because their structural material as well as the filling of the liquid dielectric can be used more effectively.

The above drawbacks are eliminated by the method of disposing of the power capacitors consisting in drilling the upper surface of the metal casing, whereby the upper part of the condenser is detached after the dielectric liquid has been discharged, the coils are removed and the condenser casing is flushed with the solvent or vapors of which the coils are cut in the dielectric medium is disintegrated and the liquid / solid mixture is separated after centrifugation into a clay phase and a plastic and / or paper containing a dielectric liquid which is washed with a solvent such as an alkane having an atomic number of atoms in the molecule G to 12, a cycloalkane having a carbon atom in the molecule of 6 to 8, an alkylcyclic having a carbon number of 6 to 10, a benzene, an alkyl aromatic having a carbon atom number of 7 to 10, an alkanol having a carbon atom in a molecule of 1 to 4, an alkanone having a carbon number of 3 to 8, an ester with a carbon number in the molecule of 2 to G, an ether having a carbon number of 4 to 6, a chlorinated hydrocarbon with a carbon count of 1 to 6, and a 1-6 chlorine atom, after which the solvent from the di-liquid evaporates and distillate at a pressure of 14 kPa to 0.01 Pa, the distillate sastabilizes the additive containing at least one epoxide group, or by a potent compound, refined on synthetic zeolites to yield a loss of ψ to 3%.

The power condenser disposal device consists of an opening box coupled with a pick-up box and a shearing box further from a crude-liquid distillation block coupled to a stabilizer reservoir and a refining block-electric liquid, the condenser coil disintegrator being connected between the shear box and the crude dielectric liquid distillation block. coupled with a distribution tower, which is connected to an aluminum sedimentator and a waste aluminum reservoir, and a separator of paper and / or plastic and a waste paper and / or plastic container.

The main benefit of the present invention is to provide a process for the complex treatment of discarded electrical capacitors in the constructional materials for the purpose of recovering them. It is possible to obtain an aqueous dielectric liquid, most often a blend of polychlorinated biphenyls, iron parts of the condenser body, in the optimum case also a staple material containing a deficient tin, a lilac grit, an optional copper component and paper and / or plastic. can be processed from the condenser obtained! cardboard and paper from coil-metal separately. The process described is a low-grade technology, the only waste resulting from the technology being a distillation residue of about 1% by weight. The disadvantage is that it is not combustible by conventional methods. The solids, which differ in their specific gravity, are separated using a liquid substance in which the separated mixture is divided into a liquid-leaching substance and a liquid-sedimenting agent, which can be applied not only to this case but in general. The combination of refining and stabilization with the possibility of recirculated refined stabilized dielectric liquor allows to produce dielectric quartz with a tg value of δ <0.01. Diclektric 238805 liquids prepared by the regeneration of the already used polychlorinated biphenyl rule of the better eye flood. It is due to the fact that during the use of the floodwater liquid, decomposition of the isomers is decomposed, which is then no longer present in the generated liquid and also in the non-last row due to the progress in refining processes where it has been The method of refining clay with a highly effective method of refining on synthetic zeolites can be recovered by regeneration and carefully used.

Another benefit is the elimination of pollution and ecosystem as well as the elimination of the possibility of these pollutants being mixed with the apparatus and the principles of safety and protection at work. Due to the elimination of the effect of pollutants in the ecosystem, it is expedient to pump the liquids with pressurized gas or with vacuum with efficient de-icers prior to mechanical pumps. It is not excluded to use as a distillation apparatus the processing of crude diolectric liquid by distillation of a film evaporator preferably with a multi-layered film. The process can be advantageously realized as a semi-dynamic or even a continuous process.

A device for regenerating long-lived fluid and constructional electrical electrical capacitors under the invention is illustrated in the drawing.

The opening box 1 is connected to the raw dielectric liquid reservoirs 13 and the extraction box 2 connected to the wiping box 6 and the rinsing box 3, which is connected to the solvent reservoir 5 for re-generation, the solvent reservoir 24 to dispose of 4 iron parts. The solvent recovery container 5 is connected to a tarpaulin box 3, further to a paper and / or plastic separator 11, a clinic remover 9, a bristle fluid distillation block 14 through a refilled solvent reservoir 16 and also a solvent refiner 23. Cutting box 6 only attached to pick-up box. 2 and a capacitor roll disintegrator 7 which is further coupled to the manifold 8 and separator 11 of paper and / or plastic. The Dividing Duty Tower 8 is connected to a condenser damper 7, an aluminum aluminum drier and a paper and / or plastic stripper 11. Sedimentator í! the aluminum is bonded to the shielding runway 8, the aluminum waste tank ID, the solvent tank 5 to regeneration, and the raw 13 liquid reservoir 13. The paper and / or plastic separator 11 is connected to the solvent reservoir 5 for regeneration, the disintegrator 7 of the condenser coils, the separator 8, the waste paper reservoir 12 and / or the plastic and the reservoir 24 dissolve. The crude dielectric liquid reservoir 13 is connected to an opening box 1, an aluminum sedimentator 8, a distillation block

G1 is a crude dielectric liquid and solvent regenerative block 23. The distillation block 14 of the crude dielectric liquid is connected to the raw liquid reservoir 13, the distillation residue reservoir 15, the paper and / or plastic separator 11, the solvent contaminant reservoir 16, the front part reservoir 17, the distiller reservoir 18 and the reservoir. 18 sterilizer. The impure solvent reservoir 16 is connected to the solvent reservoir 5 for regeneration and the distillation block 14 of the crude dielectric liquid. The front part tray 17 is connected to the distillation block 14 of the dielectric liquid by the court route. The distillation reservoir 18 is connected by a distillation block 14 of crude dielectric liquid, a liquid liquid refining block 20 and a dielectric liquid handling container 21. The dielectric refining block 20 is connected to the distiller reservoir 18 and the dielectric liquid maneuvering reservoir 21, which is connected to the dispenser 22 of the dielectric liquid and stuck with the distiller reservoir 18. The solvent regeneration block 23 is connected to a solvent reservoir 5 for regeneration, a crude dielectric liquid reservoir 13 and a solvent reservoir 24 which is connected to a rinsing box 3, separating the paper and / or plastic separator 11 torom 9 aluminum. Alternatively, the aluminum sedimenter 9 and the paper / / plastic separator 11 may be replaced by centrifuges, the function and interconnection of the other apparatuses being retained.

The device according to the invention operates as follows. The electrical breakdown power capacitors are freed from the top in the opening box 1, tipped 180 °, and the liquid part of the dielectric system is allowed to drain freely and pumped into the raw dielectric liquid reservoir 13. The condenser is transferred to a pick-up box 2, from the metal box of the condenser to remove the film and carton, the metal part-condenser in the rinse box 3 of the solvent or its vapors and, after drying, is transferred to the landfill 4 of the non-necessary parts porcelain insulators, coated parts that are soldered for tin regeneration. In the rinse box 3, the metal parts are coated with a solvent from the solvent reservoir 24 which passes into the solvent reservoir 5 for regeneration. From the picking box 2, the coils and the cardboard are fed into the shearing box 6, where they are cut into thin strips, which are transferred to the condenser coil disintegrator 7, whereby the dielectric fluid is added from the paper and / or plastic separator 11 with the high speed 238805 knives. to a slurry that proceeds to a splitting tray 8 in its tool. Here, in the medium of liquid-liquid, and due to the various paper weights and / or aluminum and aluminum, the distribution is such that the paper and / or plastic is rubbed in the upper part of the carriage 8, while the heavier aluminum at the bottom thereof . The paper grain and / or plastus suspended in the dieloctric liquid from the top of the expansion vessel 8 overflows the paper and / or plastic dissolvers 11, where it separates the dielectric liquid and transfers it to the condenser plugs 7 or to the solvent reservoir 5 its abundance. The paper and / or plastic blend is washed in the paper separator 11 and / or the plastic by the solvent from the solvent reservoir 24, which proceeds to the container 5 of the regenerating solvent and the paper and / or the plastic is removed from the tray 12 ' paper and / or plastic. From the bottom of the splitter 8, the aluminum grit is drained into the sedimentator !! of aluminum, where the false bottom separates the dielectric liquid, which is transferred to the reservoir 113 of the dielectric liquid. The aluminum alloy is plated with a solvent from the solvent reservoir 24 which is transferred to the solvent distributor S to recover the dried aluminum crumb to be conveyed to the aluminum leachate. The distillation residue from the regenerated solvent block 23 and the contents of the crude dielectric liquid storage tank is pumped to the crude electric liquid, where it is disintegrated under reduced pressure into a solvent into the solvent diluent 18, previously according to the invention. into the front end container 17, with the possibility of returning crude liquid liquor to the distillation block 14, distillation is effected by distillation and the distillate into the oncine distillate reservoir 18 feeds into the refinery block 20 the dielectric liquid and further into the liquid storage container 21 the dielectric liquid. Possibility of poor circulation to storage! and 18 of the distillate until the selected tg value is reached, when the current switches to the electric liquid dispenser. During distillation; collecting the distillate reservoir 18; adds a calculated amount of stabilizer to the distillation of the crude dielectric fluid from the stabilizer reservoir 10, which is pre-distilled together with the distillate. The distillation residue from the distillation of the crude dielectric liquor is occasionally vented to a reservoir of distillation residues. The solvent collected in the solvent reservoir 5 for re-generation is regenerated into a regenerator. block 23 and collects in the solvent reservoir 24, the distillation residue being transferred to the reservoir 13 of the crude liquid liquid. In the alternative of replacing the aluminum condenser 9 and the stripper and / or plastic separator 11 with centrifuges, the process is similar, the interconnection and other apparatuses are cross-linked.

The power electrical capacitor with the polychlorinated diphenyl-based dielectric liquid, decommissioned by electric shock, was drilled from two adjacent corners of the upper surface, tipped 18 T, and the dielectric liquid allowed to drop in this position. The upper surface of the electric condenser was detached, the coils with cardboard were removed, and the metal parts of the electrical condenser were rinsed with toluene. The coils and the cardboard are cut into 0.5 mm wide strips and integrated in the dielectric fluid in the Elektro-Praga type435 mixer, and the stalk moves to the center of the rolling mill where the aluminum grit is collected on day and is periodically purged as a pellet in a dielectric liquid through a large-glass glass tap into a cylinder provided with a fritted glass to dispose of the liquid and pellet the toluene. The paper pulp is collected at the upper time where the overflow passes into the cylinder equipped with a built-in tritone, where it is freed of the dielectric liquid and after filling it with toluene. Pre-treatment of Iilin and crushed paper with toluene is carried out, it is possible to provocatively bind the chlorine in the eluate, or preferably with a change of refractive index nn2 (the gel, preferably the stabilization of its value is the end of the rinsing).

The toluene obtained by rinsing the metal parts of the condenser, the eye and the toluene obtained by re-flooding the paper pulp and aluminum grit, is homogenized and, after removal of the toluene, the distillation residue is added to the dielectric drilling of dielectric drilled and recovered by separating off the pulp and paper pulp -is for distillation.

10% by weight of the so obtained parts by weight. The liquors are distilled at a pressure of 1 bar and 5 parts by weight are obtained. toluene, 50 parts by weight, fractions before and 925 parts by weight of the main fraction, during the distillation which is added dropwise to the digester by 9.5 parts by weight of phenyl glycidyl ether and 20 parts by weight. distillation residue. The main fraction obtained is refined with a length of 100 cm and a diameter of 3 cm filled with a synthetic zeolite having a diameter of 5 nm at 90 ° C until the tg value of rS is 0.009.

The recovered polychlorinated diphenyl based dielectric liquid contains 0.91 wt. phenylgiyeidylether.

The invention can be used everywhere where it is necessary to separate from the solid

Claims (2)

238805 having a specific gravity using a liquid substance whose fineness is finer than the specific weight of one of the two fibers being divided, but is greater than the mass of the second substance which is divided and sought to obtain all the substances involved in the flood. . OBJECT 1. A method for disposing of power condensers consisting in drilling a top surface of a metal casing, wherein after the dielectric liquid has flowed off the top condenser, the coils are removed and the condenser casing is rinsed with a solvent or vapor therethrough, that the coils and cuts are disintegrated in the dielectric liquid, and the liquid-solid mixture is separated into the aluminum phase after the sedimentation and the phase consisting of plastic and / or paper containing a dielectric liquid, which are washed with a solvent such as a carbon atom alkane of 6 to 12, a cycloalkane having a carbon number of 6 to 8, an alkylcyclic having a carbon number of 6 to 10, a benzene, an alkyl aromatic having a number of carbon atoms of 6 to 10, carbon atoms in the molecule 7 to 10; an alkanol having a carbon number of 1 to 4; an alkanone having a carbon atom number of 3 to 8; in the molecule 2 to 6, the ether having a carbon number of 4 to 6, the chlorocarbons having carbon numbers of 1 to 6 and 1 to 6 chloro atoms, the solvent of the dielectric liquid is then evaporated and it is distilled at a pressure of up to 0.01 Pa, the distillate is stabilized by the addition of a substance containing at least one e-poxid group, or a cinnamic starch, refined to a synthetic zeolite to achieve a loss of t cos φ to 3%. 2. A power condenser disposal apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising a decanter box associated with a pick-up box and a shearing boxoni, a distillation block of crude dielectric fluid coupled to a stabilizer reservoir and a dielectric refining block; that the condenser coil disintegrator (7) connected by a split cable [8], which is connected to the aluminum and storage tank sedimentator (10), is connected immediately by the cutting box (6) and the crude electric liquid distillation block [14]. ] waste aluminum and also with paper and / or plastic separator (11) and paper tray (12) of waste paper and / or plastic 1 sheet of drawings