CS239501B1 - A method of preparing a superactive additive to the pod - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of preparing a surface-active additive for pods. The additive is obtained by heat exposure of oil and/or coal processing products, alone or in a mixture with wood at a temperature of 250 to 2100 °C.

Description

239 SOI

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the preparation of a surfactant additive in paddle conditions, such that an additive is provided to provide the desired physico-chemical-biological properties of the pads.

The intensive cultivation of ornamental plants and high-yield crops requires the provision of optimal growth conditions. One of the important factors affecting the overall result is the use of such a strong substrate to provide enough nutrients, to allow healthy root development, to suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms and the like. In the available literature and in practice the issue of composition and the structure of strong substrates is given sufficient attention.In the present time, in large-scale production conditions on the preparation substrates, peat, clayite, perlite, quartz sand, crushed clay and some macro-molecular substances such as polystyrene are used , urea-formaldehyde resins and the like. It is widespread to use spirited composts from 1'human, animal wastes, and plant parts such as foliage and tree trunks.

The drawback of the ingredients used is in some cases small availability, considerable drying out, unsuitable pH, fluctuating and insufficient nutrient content. Other drawbacks include the formation of algae, the possibility of overgrowth of pathogenic strong microorganisms and the like. It is necessary to mention the specific use of charcoal for fall to cactus seeds / Verzilin N., Wandering with Ornamental Plants, SNDK, Prague 1957 p.36 / · The use of charcoal obtained by carbonization or refined combustion of pure unmodified wood across the surface to act on killing bacteria and spores of fungi / Verzilin N.Putování s ornamental plants, SNDK, Praha 1957 p. 251 /, but also has a detrimental effect on the growth of most cultures. This fact is outlined in the bibliography of Pastýrik L., Physiology

239 SOI Plants, SPNP, Bratislava 1979 p. 254. These and other shortcomings are largely eliminated by the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a surfactant additive in the form of a petroleum, oil, petroleum resin, plastics, oil, polyethylene terephthalate, dimethyl terephthalate, cyclohexanol, penta - syrup and / or coal preparation product. or alternatively in wood, in the weight ratio of the processing products to the wood 1: 20 to 1: 2, are thermally exposed at a temperature of 250 to 2100 ° C, preferably 400 to 1200 ° C. An advantage of this invention is the availability of raw materials for the preparation of a surfactant additive. Suitable for this purpose are organic carbonated materials whose quality is not suitable for other purposes. The use of a surfactant additive, in the sense of the invention, raises the problem of pH, maintains moisture, prevents the formation of algae, facilitates root system development and the like. A number of beneficial effects can be explained by the presence of active substances such as auxins. Furthermore, it is necessary to ensure optimum aeration of the pod profile as well as to ensure the active surface of the stimulation and the uniform supply of the nutrients.

In order to obtain a surfactant with the desired properties in the substrate, organic carbonaceous materials obtained by the treatment of oil or coal, for example gudrons, oil, petroleum bitumen, used plastics, oils, and waste from some of the productions, such as residues from production of polyethylene terephthalate, di-methyl terephthalate, cyclohexanol / so-called. MEK /, penta-syrup, pyrolysis of gasoline pyrolysis and the like. In the case of the use of wood, a wood mass is required before the carbonation, in order to activate the growth effect, by modifying the oil or coal processing substances. A similar effect can be achieved by mixing wood charcoal with a surface-active agent obtained by thermal exposure of petroleum-based materials.

239 SOI

The surfactant mass after the carbonization is usually treated by crushing or the volatiles are granulated. It does not exclude the use of a lesser amount of the dust fraction which has a beneficial effect on the soil substrate, as well as the optional modifying charcoal with fertilizer components, preferably a slow-soluble urea-based nitrogen. The obtaining of the surfactant additive according to the invention has hitherto been described in the literature and is documented by the following examples. Example 1

The surfactant additive is prepared by carbonization in a rotary oven heated to 900 ° C. The modified beech wood is carbonized with residues of 10% by weight of cyclohexanol production. based on the weight of the wood, followed by the specification of the residues: elemental analysis ... 59.4 wt. % of carbon by 8.0 wt. % 32.6 wt. oxygen combustion heat .......... 28 120 kJ.kg ”1 specific heat ........... 2,51 kJ.kg“ 1.K ”1 water content… ........ 6.40 wt. ash content .......... 0.19 wt. acid number ........ 269 mg KOH per 1 g saponification number ..... 416 mg KOH per 1 g bromine number ......... 20.9 g Br per 100 g hydroxi content 5.7 wt. solidification .............. below + 10 ° C paste consistency

complete solidification at -26 to 29 ° C

Specific gravity .......... 1.1374 g.cm "^ at 20 ° C

1,1177 g.cm-3 at 50 ° C dynamic viscosity

... 0.6268 Pa.s for 30 ° C 0.1209 Pa.s for 50 ° C 239 501 100 kg of the thus obtained surfactant3 is crushed by a grinder and separated on a screen sorter. Due to the crushing and sorting conditions, fractions of 0.3 to 0.8 mm / 45 kg are used to prepare the substrate and particles below 1 mm / 5 kg are used.

The substrate is prepared in a stainless steel blade homogenizer by mixing 50 kg of treated active material, 3 kg of perlite and 70 kg of parenis. Example 2 Preparation of a surfactant additive and a substrate as in Example 1, except that the active ingredient is saturated with a 30% urea solution. Example 3

The surfactant additive is prepared by incinerating a scattered noise comprising either coal in a fluidized bed at 2100 ° C.

The soil substrate is prepared by mixing 1 kg of drift with the content of grease from the fluidized bed, 1 kg of the additive prepared as in Example 1 (5 mm diameter) and 8 kg of silica sand. Example 4

The surfactant additive is prepared by carbonization of 20% wt. unglycolized residues from the production of polyethylene terephthalate. Carbonization is carried out at a temperature of 300 ° C and a content of 4% by volume in the released decomposition products.

The substrate is prepared as in Example 1, except that 90 kg of surfactant additive with a diameter of 0.5 mm, 5 kg of compost and 5 kg of nutritive topsoil are mixed. Example 5 239 501-5

The surfactant additive is prepared at 550 ° C by carbonation of the penta-syrup mixed oil, which is in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing 55% by weight. dry matter / contains condensates of aldehydes, respectively. simple sugars, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, calcium formate and free formaldehyde / and sulfuric acid / acidic resin containing 42.5% C by acidic gudrons from mineral oil refining; 7.5% H; 0.4% N, 12.2 S; 15.5% H 2 O; 5.6% oxide. ash; 10.0% H2SO4; 15.0% sulfone. acid (in a ratio of 1: 0.5: 0.5 by weight). The carbonization product is ground in the ball mill to a particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 mm after cooling in air. The particles obtained are granulated with a size of 1 to 2 mm with the aid of a urea-formaldehyde binder granulation additive / binder content of 10% by weight. The total weight of the granulate is prepared by mixing 95 kg topsoil, 4 kg per liter of 1 kg granulated surfactant. Example 6

The surfactant is prepared from cyclohexanol residues, as specified in Example 1. (containing H 2 F 2, H 2 O, Cyclohexanone, Glutaric Acid Semianhydride, Adipic Acid, ρ 5 Acid A-keto Adipic, Valeric Acid, Caproic Acid, Methyl Ester) glutaric semianhydrides, glutaric acid, malonic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, dimethyl adipate, dimethylglutrate, propionic acid, butyric acid, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl malonate, methanol, ethanol, which make up about 30% of the anhydrous residues remaining formed by products with higher Aplekula weight, whose structure and descent could not be unambiguously identified. Carbonization takes place at 450 ° C. Further, the surfactant mass is treated as in Example 5. The obtained surfactant additive is applied in an amount of 0.1 kg per 100 kg of topsoil. Example 7

239 SOI The substrates obtained in Examples 1,3,4 and 6 were applied in the years 1975-78 applied to plots of 10 m2 of test field, for the cultivation of potatoes, maize, cabbage and sugar beet. The average yields in the following table are compared to the standard ie. in a non-fertilized pad free of surfactant and against the same amount of pure unmodified charcoal as exemplified in Examples 1,3 and 4 (parentheses).

Table

Crop does not contain surface-active ingredient Crop yields vq / ha Substrate used / Example / 1 3 4 6 Potatoes 150 - - - 215 Corn / Seed / 15 - - 30,5 - • Μ »- / 15,5 / ' - Cabbage 173 295 - - -) / 175 / - • Sugar beet 273 - 324 - - - / 270 / - -

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 239 501 A method for preparing a surfactant additive to a beer, characterized in that the oil processing products are gudrons, oil, petroleum resins, used plastics, oils, residues from the production of polyethylene terephthalate, dimethyl terephthalate, cyclohexanol, penta-syrup and / or coal, alone or optionally mixed with wood in a weight ratio of processing products to wood 1: 20 to 1: 2, are thermally exposed at 250 to 2100 ° C, preferably at 400 to 1200 ° C.