CS241328B1 - Equipment for the extraction of viscous oils from an open landfill - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a device for extracting viscous oils from an open dump by means of gradual heating in two tanks and extrusion by a gaseous medium into its own transport route. The heating tanks are closed, placed one inside the other to reduce energy losses and the escape of harmful vapors into the environment.

Description

The invention provides a device for extracting viscous oils from a formed landfill by means of gradual heating in two stages and extrusion with a gaseous medium into a separate transport route.

Viscous oils occur in common practice as more or less waste materials and are most often used for the production of energy or heat in energy facilities. They are primarily substances arising from the processing of crude oil and/or its individual fractions or also in petrochemical production as the heaviest components of hydrocarbon mixtures during fractionation and rectification processes.

Waste oils from pyrolytic or cracking processes are particularly important, as they contain higher hydrocarbons (C more than 1.5) with a tendency to degrade into asphaltenes and resins. Depending on the severity of the process of formation, these are hydrocarbons and degradation structures that are more or less aromatic.

Particularly aromatic are the heavy oils from pyrolysis processes in the production of acetylene as the main or one of the main products. Pyrolysis temperatures of up to 2,000 °C break down aliphatic hydrocarbons into carbon segments, and the oils resulting from the condensation of these segments have a pronounced aromatic character.

The predominant identifiable components are higher aromatic hydrocarbons of the naphthalene series, as well as 3 to 4 and more ring condensed aromatics. The benzene-toluene-xylene fraction is of secondary importance in such oil. The total amount of detectable aromatics does not exceed 40 wt. %.

The residue is unidentifiable resinous substances of aromatic character (distillation residue at 200 °C, 1,000 Pa) similar in character to coal pitch.

Higher oils from acetylene pyrolysis have freezing points usually higher than 0 °C, their viscosity under normal conditions is of the order of 10 ³ to 10 ⁵ cP and decreases proportionally with increasing temperature.

Heavy oils of an aromatic nature have some specific properties that cause difficulties in handling.

In connection with the subject of the invention, it was found that when handling oils of the above-mentioned properties, it is necessary to maintain a certain oil temperature, which is 100 to 130 °C for an oil with a melting point of 0 to 20 °C. At a lower temperature, the oil is too viscous, at a higher temperature, lower aromatic hydrocarbons are separated in the gas phase, while the freezing point of the residual oil rises sharply, which in extreme cases forms clusters that make transport in the pipeline impossible, especially in stressful places (elbows, fittings, unheated places). An even more complex problem is the transport of heavy aromatic oil from open or closed unheated landfills.

Storing large quantities of oil in a liquid state is economically unviable due to the consumption of the heating medium, whether water or electricity. Therefore, in certain cases, large-scale landfills are created in earth or concrete tanks. Under normal conditions, oil is a solid, slightly viscous substance and only at temperatures below °C does it become brittle.

The simplest method of back-mining is therefore direct breaking and melting in heated reservoirs and subsequent pumping in the winter months. The applicability of this method is obvious and is not feasible for most of the year and is weather dependent.

In direct extraction, it is necessary to heat the oil, but the heating basket, for example, heated by steam, heats the oil unevenly. The melted oil spreads over the surface, which increases energy losses, the pumping equipment inside the basket is not fully utilized, since most of the melted oil solidifies again on the wide surface of the tank. The oil is not melted sufficiently, the pump sometimes runs empty and the oil overheats with all the above-mentioned adverse effects.

It is advantageous to solve the above problem using a device according to the invention.

The device consists of two tanks placed one inside the other, heating elements and pipes. The outer preheating tank is placed directly on the oil surface, has an open bottom and is equipped with a heating element. It houses a transport tank with position switches for opening and a line for supplying oil to the tank is connected to its lower part, in the upper part there is a line for draining oil, which ends below the oil surface in the tank, and a line for supplying the extrusion medium.

It is also advantageous to provide the transport tank with position switches for opening and closing the oil inlet and the outlet of the displacement medium to prevent the displacement medium from entering the oil discharge pipe. This arrangement is given by the fact that the transport tank is alternately filled with oil and emptied with the displacement medium, thereby changing the specific gravity of the tank. With a suitable arrangement, this tank can move and ensure the function of the position switches.

The following usage examples illustrate, but do not limit, the possible uses.

Example 1 • During high-temperature pyrolysis of gasoline, a heavy aromatic oil with the following composition is produced in an amount of 0.2 t/t of C2-fraction (ethylene + -j-acetylene):

% wt. gasoline 0.12 to 0.68 •toluene 0.01 to 0.70 m, p-xylenes 0.21 to 0.59 o-xylene, styrene 0.29 to 0.90 ethylbenzene 0.27 to 0.64 everyday 0.44 to 1.50 naphthalene 12.19 to 12.72 2-methylnaphthalene 0.61 to 1.20 1-methylnaphthalene 0.35 to 0.83 diphenyl 0.21 to 0.53 acenaphthene 0.24 fluorene 0.26 benzo (S) pyrene 0 to 0.052 phenanthrene footprints indane 0 to 0.008 distillate (200 °C, 2.63 kPa) up to 40% distillation residue (resin) 46.9 to 60 The mentioned olďj has the following physical properties: freezing point 10 to 15°C specific gravity (100 °C) 1100 kg/ ^m3 viscosity at 50 °C 8,505 cP 75°C 632 cP 100°C 136 cP calorific value 38.34 MJ/kg

The said oil is dumped in an open landfill.

The oil is extracted using a device placed directly on the surface of the landfill (see Fig. 1), which consists of two parts:

— preheating tank 2, closed from above and from the side, with heating coil 4 inside,

S is open from below, from where oil 1 with high viscosity (10 ⁴ cP at 20 °C) flows. Heating coils 4 with a supply of 0.6 MPa of superheated steam 3 are designed to heat the oil to approximately 70 °C.

— closed transport tank 6, with an inlet opening for preheated oil 5 from preheating tank 2 with a supply of the pressure medium 1.3 MPa of steam 9 and with an oil discharge pipe 9. Oil 5 flows into the transport tank 6 until it is full, while the tank is almost completely submerged below the oil level. After filling, the oil inlet 5 is closed and the oil is heated to a temperature of about 120 °C by means of a heating coil 8 with a supply of 0.5 MPa of steam 7. The discharged oil is discharged through the pipe 10 with a pressure medium 1.3 MPa of steam for further use.

Example 2

The oil extraction device according to Fig. 1 is operated in such a way that the transport tank in the form of a pressure vessel is provided with position switches, located so as to switch the function described below. When the vessel 6 is tensioned, the vessel is immersed until the upper position switch is switched on, when the oil inlet 5 is automatically closed. After heating the oil, the oil is extruded through the extrusion pipe 10, the vessel emerges only after the lower position switch is switched on, when the oil outlet 10 and the extrusion medium inlet 9 are automatically closed. In this way, the output oil pipe 10 is secured against the penetration of the extrusion medium.

Claims (2)

241328 S% wt. petrol 0.12 to 0.68 • toluene 0.61 to 0.70 m, p-xylenes 0.21 to 0.59 o-xylene, styrene 0.29 to 0.90 ethylbenzene 0.27 to 0.64 indene 0.44 to 1.50 naphthalene 12.19 to 12.72 2-methylnaphthalene 0.61 to 1.20 1-methylnaphthalene 0.35 to 0.83 diphenyl 0.21 to 0.53 acenaphthene 0.24 fluorene 0, 26 benzo (S) pyrene 0 to 0.052 phenanthrene traces of indane 0 to 0.008 distillate (200 ° C, 2.63 kPa) to 40% distillation residue (resin) 46.9 to 60 The following properties have physical properties: pour point 10 up to 15 ° C specific gravity (100 ° C) 1100 kg / m3 viscosity at 50 ° C 8 505 cP 75 ° C 632 cP 100 ° C 136 cP calorific value 38.34 IU / kg -developed landfill. The oil is extracted by means of a device placed directly on the surface of the landfill (see Fig. 1), which consists of two parts: - preheating tank 2, closed from the top and side, with heating coil 4 inside, open from below, from where oil flows 1 about high viscosity (104 cP at 20 ° C). Heating coils 4 with a supply of 0.6 MPa 'of superheated steam, 3 are dimensioned to heat the oil to about 70 ° C. - a transport tank 6 closed, with an inlet of preheated oil 5 from a pre-heating tank 2 with a delivery medium of 1.3 MPa of steam 9 and an oil discharge pipe 9. The oil 5 flows into the <transport tank 6 until filling, this will cause the tank to be almost completely submerged in the oil level. After filling, the oil-inlet 5 is closed and the oil is heated to 120 ° C by means of a heating coil 8 with a supply of 0.5 MPa of steam 7. It is heated by means of a 1.3MiPa steam discharge medium through line 10 to further use. EXAMPLE 2 An oil extraction apparatus according to FIG. 1 is operated in such a way that the transport tank in the pressurized container is provided with position switches positioned to switch the other described function. Upon filling the vessel 6, the vessel is immersed only after the upper position switch has been switched on, the oil supply 5 is automatically closed. After heating the oil of the salt extrudate through the extrusion line 10, the hopper emerges only after the lower position switch has been switched on, when the oil drain 10 and the extruder feed are automatically closed. medium 9. Thus, the oil outlet pipe 10 is secured before penetration of the extrusion medium. OBJECT Apparatus for the extraction of viscous oils with a freezing point of 0 to 30 ° C, characterized in that it consists of a pre-heated open-bottom tank (2), freely disposed on the surface of the bed, provided with a heating element (4) in which the conveyor is located a tank (6) provided with a heater (8) for a transport tank (6) in the lower part is a connected conduit (5) for supplying a viscous oylene bed; oil level and line (9j for extrusion medium supply). Viscous oil extraction plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport tank (6) is provided with position switches for opening and closing the oil supply and for transferring the extruding medium to reduce the penetration of the extrusion medium of the outlet pipe (10). 1 sheet of drawings%