CS255360B1 - Method of laminated silicate building unit production - Google Patents

Description

The invention solves the process of manufacturing laminated silicate structural components from a dense reinforced composite with a cement binder and aerated concrete in a single continuous technological cycle.

The prior art manufacturing technologies of sandwiched silicate precasts proceed in such a way that the inserts or layers of heat-insulating materials are poured into the concrete mixture. The same applies to the use of aerated concrete as thermal insulation. Fred concretes or during concreting, the semiproducts prepared from already autoclaved aerated concrete in the form of slabs, blocks and the like are placed in molds. and watered with concrete, which is then compacted. The disadvantage of this manufacturing process is that:

a) the aerated concrete inserts must first be shaped by mechanical treatment and adapted to the steel reinforcement protruding from the concrete layer and other elements which interfere with the aerated concrete layer, which is very labor intensive, regardless of the fact that the heat-insulating layer is discontinuous;

b) aerated concrete, if not reliably fixed, flows to the surface of the concrete mixture during compaction,

c) aerated concrete rapidly drains the water from the concrete mixture, thereby compromising its thixotropic properties, which complicates the compaction process.

The above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by the process according to the invention, in which a layer of reinforced dense silicate composite with a cement binder is formed in the lower part of the mold and a raw porous concrete mixture is immediately poured onto it and cut. is cured by autoclaving.

The dense cement composite layer is not smoothed, thereby improving its bonding with the aerated concrete layer. For better bonding of the two layers, it is advantageous to apply, e.g. by spraying, a solution of alkali metal silicates or mixtures thereof with halosilicates, in particular with alkali metal fluorosilicates.

The composition of the dense composite with a cementitious binder corresponds to its desired strength and also the manner of its filling into the mold, corresponds to the required bulk density.

Shaping the cross-section of the next part, resp. the shaping or embossing of its surface areas is ensured by a system of inserts or dies customary from the production of concrete components. Similar cross-sectional or longitudinal separation of layers in the mold is achieved by fixed or removable inserts with knife or box inserts. The cellular concrete layer can also be separated by a cut prior to autoclaving. Cavities, vents and ducts in the dense or porous concrete layer as well as cross-layer passages are formed by removable or hollow permanently installed liners or cores.

The solidification time of the mass prior to slicing or removal of some inserts and separating elements is one to five hours and the time of autoclaving with water vapor at a pressure of 0.8-1.4 MPa is eight to sixteen hours, corresponding to the current rhythms. During solidification, it is advantageous to thermally insulate the mold containing it, thereby promoting uniform maturation of the mass.

The reinforcement of the bearing layer formed by the dense cement composite corresponds to the structurally static function of the component. A stronger mechanical connection of the two layers and their interaction under static stress is achieved by anchoring mandrels projecting from the reinforcement of the dense layer, which reach up to two thirds of the thickness of the aerated concrete layer.

It is advantageous to apply a plaster layer at a thickness of 5 to 15 mm, the material composition of which is similar to that of the porous concrete, after the overgrowth has been cut, before autoclaving.

Said process according to the invention makes it possible to produce a laminated component in a single technological engagement, which advantageously combines the physical and mechanical properties of dense reinforced silicate composites with a cement binder and aerated concrete. The proposed procedure can be implemented in aerated concrete plants with minimal investment requirements.

The manufacturing process is evident from specific examples:

Example 1

The fitting with anchoring elementary is placed in the assembled form painted from the inside with a molding coat and concrete mixture of nominal composition is poured to the height of the required depth of the layer:

gravel mixture 0-16 mm

1860 kg. m 'cement SPC 325 360 kg. m ^-3 water 180 1. m ¹

The mixture is compacted by submersible vibrators. On the surface of the compacted concrete layer, steel cores and liners are inserted through the mold faces and a raw porous concrete mixture consisting of:

in dry matter silica sand cement SPC 325 gypsum or gypsum

52-64 wt. 35-45 wt.

1 - 3 wt.

with calcium hydrate, aluminum powder and plasticizer additives. The whole mold is covered with a heat-insulating cover. After 3-4 hours the cover is removed, the cores are removed and the whole mold is moved under the cutting mechanism. First, the porous concrete overgrowth is cut, and then the mold faces and sidewalls are lifted with the heights forming the side and front profiling of the part, the cross-sectional and longitudinal sections of the porous concrete layer are completed. The mold faces are folded back to sleep and the backing mold with the workpiece is inserted into the autoclave. Curing process in autoclave with mode:

pressure rise time 3 hours isothermal heating 8 hours pressure descent 2 hours is complete, the molds are pushed back to the mold, while the inserts located at the bottom of the mold are also removed. Finishing operations are carried out on the individual finished parts and the parts are finally stored in the finished product warehouse.

Example 2

A dense concrete layer is formed as described in Example 1 and its surface is sprayed with a water glass solution. Then a measured amount of the aerated concrete mixture containing dry ash in the power plant ash is poured

69-77 wt. 20-30% wt. 1 - 3 wt.

and an additive of aluminum powder or paste and a plasticizer. The procedure is the same as in Example 1.

Example 3

The fitting with the anchoring elements is placed in the mold coated from the inside with a separating coating and the mixture is composed of parts of ground quartz sand 1 part of cement SPC 325 up to the corresponding layer thickness.

1.5 parts water.

The steel cores are inserted and the aerated concrete mixture is admixed:

dry matter power plant cement cement SPC 325 lime gypsum

05—70% wt. 15—25% wt. 10 - 20 wt. 1 - 3 wt.

with the addition of aluminum powder or paste and a plasticizer. The mold is covered with a heat insulating cover.

The procedure is the same as in Example 1.

Example 4

A dense and porous concrete layer is formed as described in any of Examples 1 to 3. After growth and setting, the porous concrete layer is overgrown 10 mm below the upper edge of the mold. The fronts and sides are folded out, removable inserts and cores are removed. However, the dividers between the individual parts in the mold are not removed. The whole and the sides of the mold are tilted to sleep and a plaster mixture is prepared, preferably prepared in an activator mixer, composed of:

parts by mass quartz sand grit 0–2 mm parts by weight ground quartz sand 1 part wt. ground calcium hydrate

1.5 parts by weight water containing 5-10% by volume of vegetable (rope, hemp, cotton, sisal or coconut) fibers 2-10 mm in length. The plaster layer is evenly leveled at the upper edge of the mold with a slat (ruler).

The mold is allowed to stand for at least 1 hour and then to stand! is placed in an autoclave.

The following procedure is the same as in Example 1.

Claims (6)

SUBJECT 1. A process for the production of a layered silicate component (horizontally) positively produced by first forming a layer of a dense reinforced silicate composite with a cementitious binder to which the raw porous concrete mixture is directly poured and the whole is cured by water vapor autoclaving. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, prior to the infusion of the raw porous concrete mixture, an alkali metal silicate solution and a mixture thereof with an alkali metal silicate is first applied to the surface of the layer of compacted silicate composite with a cementitious binder. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the free surface of the aerated concrete is covered with a layer of plaster or facade mixture after the overgrowth has been cut before being placed in the autoclave. INVENTION 4. A method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the bottom of the mold on which the dense silicate cementitious composite is deposited and which is cleanly cleaned of sulfur and hydrocarbon compounds or profiled into a tread is a matrix for forming a decorative free surface. The face of the concrete layer of the component. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that continuous longitudinal or transverse cavities are formed at the contact of the dense and porous concrete layers by means of removable cores. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein removable cavities or continuous longitudinal or transverse channels are formed in the dense layer of reinforced silicate composite with cement binder by means of removable or hollow permanently installed inserts or cores.