CS259356B1 - Thermal insulation material - Google Patents

Abstract

A new thermal insulation material, as a shaped or monolithically applied building material, prepared by cementing grains of expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite or calcined diatomaceous earth, or their combinations by chemical means. Its production process uses chemical bonds of water glass with calcium oxide, or Portland cement. It is used in the construction of thermal insulation walls up to 600 °C at lower costs compared to traditional comparable building materials, mainly due to fuel and energy savings in its production and labor savings. In addition to comparable mechanical and physical properties with traditional materials, it stands out for its high acid resistance, which also makes it preferable for use in the construction of chimneys and flues in general.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a thermally insulating building material produced by cementing beads of expanded perlite, respectively. of expanded vermiculite, optionally treated granular kieselguhr or a combination thereof chemically.

For the production of similar heat-insulating building materials, production processes based on the use of binder materials based on various ore-anic substances (phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and other resins, starch, casein, bitumen, etc.), mortar-based or ceramic bonding of grains carbon dioxide or sodium hexafluoro-silicate cured waterglass. The disadvantages of organic binders are, in particular, the low temperature limit of the use of the final product and the often harmful working environment from harmful vapors of used organic binders. The disadvantage of the binder compositions is also the low shelf life of the products and their low handling strength at the required bulk weights below 350 kg. m ^-3 . Production with a phosphate binder has the disadvantage, in particular, of high raw material costs. Ceramic production has the disadvantage, in particular, of the fuel-energy intensity. The disadvantage of carbon dioxide-cured water glass production is the low handling strength and high grip of the product. When using water glass cured with sodium hexafluorosilicate, it is disadvantageous that it is a toxic raw material component which requires special precautions for the production technology.

These disadvantages can be effectively reduced by using a novel raw material mix of the inventive inventive thermal insulation composite, which is based on an expanded perlite composition having a bulk density below 150 kg. m ^-3 or expanded vermiculite or treated diatomaceous earth, or combinations thereof, of waterglass, calcium oxide, or Portland cement and water, as appropriate for its processing (mechanical or hand-made, fittings or monolith). In this production process, chemical bonds of water glass with oxide, resp. calcium hydroxide, optionally with Portland cement to cement the granular filler. For the production of these molded articles, it is also possible to use the existing technological equipment for the production of ceramicoperite, phosphateoperite, lightweight fireclay or concrete fittings by adapting the initial part of these production lines. The solidification of the molded piece or of the material to be seized in monolithic application takes place at normal temperature in the production environment. If necessary, the strengthening of the material can be accelerated by drying.

The subject thermal insulating building material is usable up to a temperature of 600 ° C and has similar mechanical-physical properties, such as e.g. comparable traditional ceramic-ceramic product. It surpasses all traditional comparable heat-insulating materials in acid resistance, which enables its successful use even for the construction of chimneys and flue pipes in general. Compared to the prior art production of similar insulating materials, the present invention reduces the production costs, in particular, of the fuel and energy consumption of distilleries which are completely eliminated and the laboriousness of handling the products in these discharged sections of the production technology. In monolithic application, the labor cost can be further streamlined compared to the previous use of the shaped building material.

Example 1

Production mixture 57% / wt. expanded perlite with a bulk density of 110 kilograms. m ^-3 , 34 wt. % water glass with a 38% concentration, 0.65% wt. % calcium oxide and 8.35 wt. The water is prepared by first dissolving the calcium oxide powder in water, pouring it into water glass while stirring and spraying the binder liquid thus obtained onto expanded perlite in a mixer while stirring. From the raw material mixture thus prepared, the shaped pieces are pressed on a suitable, e.g. hydraulic presses with a coefficient of compression of about 1.8, are placed on pads on which they are allowed to dry freely and then placed on transport pallets. The hardening process of the material finishes during storage and installation. If necessary, forced drying can also be used to accelerate. The product obtained in the dry state has a bulk density of 300 to 320 kg. m- ³ , a compressive strength of 0.5 to 0.7 MPa, and a thermal conductivity coefficient at 25 ° C of 0.085 to 0.090 W. m ^_1 . K ¹ , which is on the comparator of operability. Production costs compared to the ceramic level with the characteristics of traditional keraperlite decrease by about 20% and up to 80 Nm ^{3 of} natural gas needed for firing can be saved for each cubic meter of products.

Example 2

Production mixture of 47 wt. expanded perlite with a bulk density of 120 kilograms. m ^-3 , 36 wt. % water glass with a concentration of 38%, 1% by weight; % of calcium oxide and 16 wt. The prepared mixture can be used for the manual production of more complex product shapes or for the preparation of monolithic heat-insulating layers of building structures, which cannot be realized from the traditional comparable heat-insulating material and at the same time eliminates the existing evil and labor application. Material similarities are achieved and it is necessary to ensure the technical properties of the material as before drying.

1. In cases of

Claims (1)

6 Live and laborious application. Similar to the material, it is necessary to ensure even more technical properties of the material than its drying out. 1. In the case of sealed enclosures, 239356 SUBSTANCE The heat insulating lining material of expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite, or granular burnt kieselguhr, or combinations thereof and lime-cured or Portland cement-cured aqueous glass, is characterized by characterized in that it comprises 65 to 80 wt. % of expanded perlite or expanded vermiculite but with a combination of 18 to 30 wt. % water glass, 0.6 to 5 wt. calcium oxide or Portland cement and the appropriate amount of water.