CS268750B1 - A method for preparing a substrate for growing basidiomycetes - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of substrate preparation is based on the use of fibrous keratoproteins as a source of nitrogenous nutrition for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. The essence is that fibers or powder of fibrous keratoproteins, for example wool, rabbit hair or bristles, are added to a lignocellulosic substrate, for example unchopped straw, sawdust or cotton with a moisture content of up to 70%, in an amount from 1% to 20% of the weight of the dry lignocellulosic substrate. The substrate prepared in this way is fermented, or sterilized and planted with seedlings of the appropriate mushroom species.

Description

The invention relates to a method of preparing a new type of substrate for growing certain basidiomycetes, for example oyster mushrooms.

Methods for cultivating edible mushrooms, such as oyster mushrooms, are based on the principle of using a lignocellulosic substrate, such as wood, straw, cotton, etc.

The fungus decomposes these substrates by the action of enzyme complexes, releasing mainly glycidic compounds. These are gradually degraded by the fungi, and the products of this decomposition are used both as energy sources and as building blocks or components of the fungal body. The final product of catabolic processes is carbon dioxide and water, and carbon dioxide can be incorporated into amino acids by the fungus and ultimately into proteins in this form.

Some groups of wood fungi grow on substrates that, in addition to sources of organic carbon and nitrogen, also contain sources of other biogenic elements. Wood fungi decompose such substrates. During this decomposition, they use the components of the substrate both for building their bodies and for transformation into new substances.

The aforementioned wood fungi secrete into the environment a number of enzyme systems that are involved in the breakdown of proteins, including, as has been discovered, complex substances such as scleroproteins. - ..

These substances gradually release peptides and amino acids, which the fungi use to build their bodies and create metabolic products.

All of the above processes do not require strictly aerobic conditions, as these fungi are semiaerobic organisms.

The above method of mushroom cultivation requires the enrichment of lignocellulosic substrates with substances containing nitrogen, which is necessary for the growth and metabolism of the mushroom.

The invention aims to increase the yield of fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms by suitable nutrient additions.

' The previously known method of preparing a substrate for growing certain basidiomycetes, for example oyster mushrooms, consists in sterilizing a lignocellulosic substrate, for example wood, straw, cotton, etc., and then inoculating it with a mushroom seedling. There is also a known method of enriching a commonly used substrate with nitrogenous substances, for example corn meal.

The disadvantage of the methods of substrate preparation used so far is the low nutritional value of the substrate and thus the low yield. Enriching the substrate and nitrogen-containing substances will increase the yield. In the case of adding nitrogenous substances in the form of corn meal to commonly used substrates, the high price is disadvantageous and this increases costs.

The above disadvantages are eliminated by the method of preparing a substrate for growing higher basidiomycetes, for example oyster mushrooms, according to the invention, which is based on the knowledge that some woody fungi are able to use proteins of the fibrous keratin type for their nutrition. According to the invention, fibers or powder of fibrous keratoproteins, for example wool, rabbit hair or bristles, are added to lignocellulosic substrates, for example unsplit straw, wood sawdust or cotton with a moisture content of up to 70%, in an amount of from 1% to 20% of the weight of the dry lignocellulosic substrate. The substrate prepared in this way is further fermented, optionally sterilized and planted with seedlings of the respective type of fungus.

The 'essence' of the method of preparing the substrate according to the invention consists in adding to the lignocellulosic substrate a mass amount of fibrous keratins corresponding to 0.5 to 1.5% nitrogen of the total mass of the substrate.

The method of preparing a substrate for growing higher basidiomycetes, for example oyster mushrooms, according to the invention has the advantage that the added fibrous scleroproteins are practically otherwise unusable waste from the textile industry and the meat industry, and this results in a reduction in the costs of growing edible mushrooms. Another advantage of preparing the substrate according to the invention is a higher nutritional value and thus a higher yield.

CS 268750 Bl

Example 1

Particles of fibrous keratoproteins, i.e. wool, rabbit hair, or bristles, are added to chopped straw with a moisture content of .70%. The amount of fibrous keratoproteins constitutes 10% of the dry weight of straw. The substrate prepared in this way is further fermented, or sterilized, and then planted with oyster mushroom seedlings.

Example 2

The procedure is the same as in example 1. The fibrous keratoprotein is added in the form of a powder, which is mixed in so that it is evenly dispersed throughout the entire volume of the substrate.

Claims (1)

Method of preparing a substrate for growing higher basidiomycetes, for example oyster mushrooms, using a lignocellulosic substrate, for example chopped straw, wood sawdust or cotton with a moisture content of up to 70%, characterized in that fibers or powder from fibrous keratoproteins, for example wool, rabbit hair or bristles, are added to the substrate in an amount from 1% to 20% of the weight of the dry lignocellulosic substrate, after which the substrate prepared in this way is further fermented, optionally sterilized and planted with seedlings of the respective mushroom species.