CS272732B1 - Method of metal-graphite materials sintering - Google Patents
Method of metal-graphite materials sintering Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS272732B1 CS272732B1 CS165288A CS165288A CS272732B1 CS 272732 B1 CS272732 B1 CS 272732B1 CS 165288 A CS165288 A CS 165288A CS 165288 A CS165288 A CS 165288A CS 272732 B1 CS272732 B1 CS 272732B1
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- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- sintering
- graphite
- graphite materials
- per hour
- iron
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010026749 Mania Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009766 low-temperature sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
CS 272 732 BlCS 272 732 Bl
Vynález sa týká sposobu spekania kovografitových materiálov 8 cielom dosiahnuť optimálně fyzikálně, mechanické a technologické vlastnosti pri rovnomsrnom rozloženi jednotlivých zložiek - médi, olova a grafitu - v štruktúre.The invention relates to a method of sintering metal-graphite materials 8 in order to achieve optimal physical, mechanical and technological properties while uniformly distributing the individual components - media, lead and graphite - in the structure.
V súčasnej době sa v ČSSRfótografitové materiály spekajú v prevádzkových peciach za nasledovných podmienok, a to pri teplote spekania 1023 K po dobu 4 hodin v parafine, pričom ohřev a ochladzovanie sa robí rýchlosťou SO K za hodinu. Na základe výsledkov realizovaného výakumu kovografitových materiálov možeme riadit parametre spekania pro dosiahnutie komplexu optimálnych vlastnosti a rovnomomernej štruktúry.At present, in Czechoslovakia phosphographic materials are sintered in operating furnaces under the following conditions, at a sintering temperature of 1023 K for 4 hours in paraffin, with heating and cooling being performed at SO K per hour. Based on the results of realized metallographic materials we can control the sintering parameters to achieve a complex of optimal properties and uniform structure.
Výskumom spekania bolo zistené, že proces spekania pri nízkých teplotách 673 K, 773 K sa charakterizuje predovšetkým ako spekania aktivované rozkladajúcimi kysličnikmi a účinkom olova ako spekacej tavaniny. Rozpustnost médi v tekutom olove je malá a adekvátně malý je aj transport madi. Pri vysokej teplota spekania 1023 K tavenina podlá rovnovážného diagramu roznúšťa okolo 8 % médi, a teda umožňuje velmi rýchly transport atomov módi. Metalurgická analýza ukázala, žs ostré výstupky částic médi sa rozpúštájú, póry zaoblujú, povodné dandritické částice sa globularizujú. Velká časf madi sa ale spotřebuje na globularizáciu a len menšia časť na budovania mostikov. Prato sa pevnostně vlastnosti spékaných výliskov mania lan velmi málo. Rsdukcia oxidu meňnatého, odstránenie pórov, kompaktnost madi ale výrazné zlepšujú vodivost. Prěto elektrická vodivost výrazné stúpa s teplotou spekania.The sintering research has revealed that the low temperature sintering process of 673 K, 773 K is characterized in particular as sintering-activated sintering and the effect of lead as a sintering melt. The solubility of the media in liquid lead is low, and the transport of media is also low. At a high sintering temperature of 1023 K, according to the equilibrium diagram, the melt dissolves around 8% of the medium, and thus allows very fast transport of mode atoms. Metallurgical analysis showed that the sharp protrusions of the particles of the medium dissolve, the pores round off, the original dandritic particles are globularized. However, much of the time is consumed for globularization and only a minor part for bridge construction. Therefore, the strength properties of the sintered moldings of mania ropes very little. However, the reduction of cuprous oxide, the removal of pores, the compactness of the copper significantly improve the conductivity. Therefore, the electrical conductivity increases significantly with the sintering temperature.
Nevýhodou je, že nadměrné spekania, resp. vyššie tsplntv spekania ako 1023 K a dlhšia výdrž ako 4 hodiny vedú k sferoidizácii a koagulácii Častíc madi, čim klesá měrný povrch a počet kontaktov. Pri vysokých percantách grafitu a olova može dojsť k izolácii častíc msdi, a tým k oslabeniu měděného skeletu a tiež mechanických vlastností kovografitov. Přitom aj pomalý ohřev na teplotu spekania 1023 K a pomalé ochladzovanie nevsdie k podstatnému zlapšaniu mechanických a elektrických vlastnosti oproti vlastnostiam nameraným rýchlym ohřevem a ochladzovanim. Pomalý ohrav na teplotu spekania 1023 K má podobný účinok ako nadměrné spekanie a vedie ku koagulácii častíc médi, v dosledku čeho sa pevnostně vlastnosti nezměnili a elektrická vodivost je a niečo vyššia v porovnaní s vlastnosťami získanými rýchlym ohrevom.The disadvantage is that excessive sintering, respectively. higher sintering temperatures than 1023 K and longer endurance than 4 hours lead to spheroidization and coagulation of the Madi particles, reducing the specific surface area and number of contacts. At high percentages of graphite and lead, it is possible to isolate the msdi particles, thereby weakening the copper skeleton and also the mechanical properties of the metallografites. Also, slow heating to a sintering temperature of 1023 K and slow cooling does not significantly reduce the mechanical and electrical properties compared to those measured by rapid heating and cooling. Slow heating to a sintering temperature of 1023 K has a similar effect to excessive sintering and leads to coagulation of the particles by the medium, as a result of which the strength properties have not changed and the electrical conductivity is and slightly higher compared to the properties obtained by rapid heating.
Uvedené nedostatky odstraňuje sposob spekania kovografitových materiáloví chemického zloženia 3 až 15 % práškového olova, 3 až 70 % grafitu so zvyškom elektrolytickáj práškovej médi podlá vynálezu, ktorého podstata spočiva v tom, ža sa kovografitový materiál speká v redukčnej atmosféře štispeného čpavku s rýchlosťou ohřevu 100 až 550 K za hodinu na spekaciu teplotu 973 až 1073 K s výdržou 60 až 240 minút a následným ochladenim rýchlosťou 100 až 550 K za hodinu.The above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by the sintering method of the metallographic material chemical composition of 3-15% powdered lead, 3-70% graphite with the remainder of the electrolytic powder medium according to the invention, characterized in that the metallographic material is sintered in a reduced atmosphere 550 K per hour to a sintering temperature of 973 to 1073 K with a holding time of 60 to 240 minutes and subsequent cooling at a rate of 100 to 550 K per hour.
Vynález sposobu spekania kovografitových materiálov umožňuje výrobu kvalitného kovografitového materiálu s optimálnym komplexem fyzikálnych, mechanických a technologických vlastností pri úspora elektrickej energie, ochrannéj atmosféry a pracovnej sily.The invention of the method of sintering metal-graphite materials enables the production of high-quality metal-graphite material with an optimal complex of physical, mechanical and technological properties while saving electrical energy, protective atmosphere and labor.
Spravidla sa kovografitový materiál s chemickým zloženim 3 až 15 % práškového olova, 3 až 70 % grafitu so zvyškom elektrolytickéj médi speká v redukčnej atmosféře štiepeného čpavku s rýchlosťou ohřevu 100 až 550 K za hodinu na spekaciu teplotu 973 až 1073 K s výdržou 60 až 240 minút s následným ochládáním rýchlosťou 100 až 550 K za hodinu. Rýchlosť ohřevu na spekaciu teplotu ako aj rýchlosť ochladzovanie možno volif a prisposobiť podlá zloženia spekanóho materiálu a režimu spekacej pece. Konkrétny postup sposobu spekania závisí od použitého typu spskacsj pece.As a rule, a metallographic material with a chemical composition of 3 to 15% lead powder, 3 to 70% graphite with an electrolyte residue is sintered in a reduced atmosphere of split ammonia with a heating rate of 100 to 550 K per hour to a sintering temperature of 973 to 1073 K with a holding time of 60 to 240 minutes followed by cooling at 100 to 550 K per hour. The rate of heating to the sintering temperature as well as the rate of cooling can be selected and adjusted according to the composition of the sintered material and the mode of the sintering furnace. The particular sintering process depends on the type of sintering furnace used.
Sposob spekania kovografitových materiálov možno využit v hutnických a metalurgických výrobných odvetviach.The method of sintering of metallographic materials can be used in the metallurgical and metallurgical industries.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS165288A CS272732B1 (en) | 1988-03-14 | 1988-03-14 | Method of metal-graphite materials sintering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS165288A CS272732B1 (en) | 1988-03-14 | 1988-03-14 | Method of metal-graphite materials sintering |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS165288A1 CS165288A1 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
| CS272732B1 true CS272732B1 (en) | 1991-02-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS165288A CS272732B1 (en) | 1988-03-14 | 1988-03-14 | Method of metal-graphite materials sintering |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS272732B1 (en) |
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1988
- 1988-03-14 CS CS165288A patent/CS272732B1/en unknown
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS165288A1 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
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