CS276089B6 - Combined organo-mineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

Solution aa relates to combined organo-mineral fertilizers that can be prepared by pressure granulation, compression, or extrusion of a mixture containing 6 to 75 wt. % of dry poultry manure and 25 to 94 !» inorganic and/or organic substances containing plant nutrients. Dry manure with a moisture content of 4.8 to 21.2 wt. % can be enriched with trace and secondary nutrients

Description

The invention relates to a combined organo-mineral fertilizer for fertilizing agricultural crops.

A relatively wide range of industrial fertilizers is produced abroad, but also in our country, for the fertilization of basic and special crops.

In the countries of Western Europe, mainly complex-multicomponent granular fertilizers are widespread in products of this type.

In the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, several powdered and granulated complex multicomponent industrial fertilizers are currently produced for gardeners, for intensively used growing areas, fruit and ornamental trees, as well as for growing vegetables and flowers.

An overview of solid special multicomponent industrial fertilizers currently produced in our country and abroad shows that these, with the exception of PRAGUE FERTILIZER produced in our country, contain exclusive synthetic chemical compounds which are a source of mineral plant nutrients and do not contain an organic fertilizer component.

Humus is extremely important for soil fertility. This is primarily a source of nutrients and physiologically active substances for plants. Mineralization of humus releases about 15 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare per year. Carbon dioxide enters the air, from where plants use it for photosynthesis. Humus helps to create the soil structure, improves the thermal, water and air properties of the soil. Humus is active in the process of weathering, transformation and accumulation of mineral components, is a substrate for saprophytic flora and fauna and also has a positive effect on detoxification of pesticides and biocides in general, as well as their residues (SOTÁKOVÁjS .: Organic matter and soil fertility. Nature-Bratislava 1982 BEDRNA, Z .: Filed by Nature-Bratislava, 1984). In order to maintain the optimal humus content in the soil, it is therefore necessary to supply at least 8 to 16 kg of a suitable source of organic humus-forming matter per year per 10 m of the useful part of the garden, from which 1.6 to 3.2 kg of soil humus will be produced (BEDRNA, Z .: Póda. Nature-Bratislava 1984). When intensifying plant production, we must ensure not only a harmonious ratio of plant nutrients in the soil, but also in the supplied fertilizers. Unilateral application of exclusively industrial fertilizers and neglect of the use of organic fertilizers results in a gradual deterioration of the basic chemical properties of the soil, i. carbon and nitrogen content of the soil. The optimal ratio (C: N = 10: 1) can be destabilized by fertilization under nitrogen, as a result of which the mineralization of soil humus is accelerated.

A particularly preferred source of organic humifiable substances is poultry manure, while also containing a relatively very high proportion of basic, secondary and trace plant nutrients, it is also a rich source of microorganisms as well as native growth substances.

Poultry manure is close to guano in its properties.

According to data published by ŠKARDA and later BAIER (ŠKARDA, M .: Fertilization of farmyard fertilizer in concentration and specialization of agricultural production. Havířov, Sborník Domu techniky - Ostrava, 1973; BAIER, J .: Fertilization system of field crops. SZN - Prague, 1979) .Fresh poultry manure contains:

14.5% organic matter

1.49% N

1.22% P

0.55% K

CS 276089 B5

0.22 X MgO and 2.39% CaO.

Poultry manure is also a source of economically particularly useful bacteria - such as ammonizing, nitrifying, nitrogen scavenging bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria and pectin substances and the like. In addition to bacteria, it also contains actinomycetes, microscopic fungi (molds and yeasts) as well as protozoa. The stimulating effect is also due to the presence of microscopic fungi such as the genera Trichoderme and Penicilium. This makes it possible to explain that after the application of manure - manure, about 50 times more carbon dioxide is released into the soil than after fertilization only with straw with the same amount of carbon (Káš, V .: Zemědělská mikrobiologie, SZN Praha, 1964; Kopčanová, E. : Microbiology, Nature, Bratislava, 1983). Poultry manure is also a source of native growth regulators - auxins (Kutina, J .: Growth regulators and their use in agriculture and horticulture, SZN Prague, 1977; Pejve, J .: Biochemistry under, SVPL Bratislava, 1966).

Despite the high proportion of plant nutrients, organic, easily humidifiable substances, as well as several other biological and agrochemical active substances, poultry manure produced mainly in connection with Specialized Large-Scene Poultry is often irrational, inefficiently used or even unpleasant and unusable waste. .

It has now been found that high-quality organo-mineral fertilizers for crop nutrition can be prepared on the basis of poultry manure. Fertilizers can be prepared by pressure granulation, compression, or extrusion of a mixture containing 6 to 75 wt. % of poultry manure dry matter with a moisture content of 4.8 to 21.2 wt. X. Towels can be enriched with trace and secondary plant nutrients. The mixture further contains 25 to 94 wt. % of inorganic and / or organic substances containing plant nutrients. The aa is treated at a temperature of 18 to 93 ° C.

In order to achieve a suitable ratio of all biologically active substances as well as to achieve good storage and handling properties of the product, it is suitable that the dry matter content of the poultry manure is 32.6 to 55 wt. X product.

The use of poultry manure in the production of said organo-mineral fertilizer is rational from the point of view of the technological method of its production, as well as the achievement of high utilization of trace element complexes bound to organic matter. Of the poultry droppings, the most suitable for the preparation of organo-mineral fertilizers in terms of the proposed solution proved to be the droppings of chicken manure obtained in connection with large-scale laying hen and broiler farms.

The advantage of the granular organo-mineral fertilizers according to the invention is that, in contrast to the wide range of multicomponent and special multicomponent industrial fertilizers currently produced, they are not only a source of agrochemically and physiologically balanced plant nutrient complex, but are also a very effective source of organic humicable component. and a variety of biologically active substances of native origin. In view of the above, the granular organomineral fertilizers according to the invention are suitable for basic fertilization by fertilizing the soil under vegetables, fruit and ornamental trees, vines, flowers, for the production of soil substrates for ornamental plants and vegetables, for fertilizing and fertilizing plants grown in containers. in pots and in various balcony containers, they are also very suitable for fertilization and fertilization in nurseries, in intensively used growing facilities (foil plants, greenhouses, steam rooms, etc.), as well as for fertilizing lawns and public greenery.

The physicochemical properties of the combined organo-mineral fertilizers according to the invention allow their rational storage and application.

The following examples illustrate and illustrate, but in no way limit, the scope of the invention.

He added

Per 50 kg of liquid chicken manure, the character of a relatively thick suspension, obtained in connection with large-scale laying hens and containing: 0.87 wt. % N; 0.43 wt.% P; 0.38 wt. % K; 0.6'3 wt. % fat; 3.32 wt. fiber; 3.94 wt. % ash; 1.62 wt. -? -1-1% Ca; 9.10 wt. % Mg; 0.19 wt. % On the; 0.40 wt. % K; 11.2 mg Cu.kg; 449 mg Fe.kg; 132.6 mg Mn.kg ^- ^; 89.4 mg Zn.kg ”· '' and 18.65 wt. % dry matter, 2.85 kg of technical ammonium phosphate, 2.61 kg of technical urea and 0.26 kg of technical thiourea were added with efficient homogenization. The prepared suspension was then dried by means of a jet drier heated by means of natural gas - in a stream of natural gas flue gases. The dryings obtained contained 94.1 wt. % dry matter. To 15.7 kg of dry matter, 3.48 kg of technical potassium sulfate and 0.82 kg of technical magnesium oxide obtained by thermal treatment of magnesite (brick flour) were added in a Lodige Sálej homogenizer. The homogeneous mixture, having the character of a fibrous powder, was processed into a compacted form by compression between rotating rollers and subsequent partial disintegration of the thus prepared compress. A fraction of 1 to 4 mm was sorted from the disintegrated compact as production. The granulate prepared by pressure granulation contained 10.3 wt. % total N, 10.0 wt. T, P ₂ 0 ₅ , 11.4 wt. SK ₂ 0, 3.6 wt. % S and 2.8 wt. X MgO.

Example 2

A suspension of poultry manure obtained in connection with large-scale laying hens, characterized by the composition given in Example 1, and a liquid concentrate of chelated secondary and trace elements were continuously metered into a vortex dryer heated by natural gas flue gases. On an average of 8 kg of liquid concentrate of secondary and trace elements, 100 kg of liquid concentrate of secondary and trace elements were continuously metered into the dryer by means of a perlstatic-hose pump per 100 kg of liquid continuously dosed chicken manure. The liquid concentrate of secondary and trace elements used, which had the character of a clear aqueous solution of dark green color, was prepared by gradual homogenization of the following components:

(kg of ingredient per 100 kg of concentrate)

Syntron C (ca. 30% aqueous solution of pentasodium salt of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, ^c i4 ^H xg ^N 3 ° iQ ^Na 5) 85.38

Crystalline magnesium sulfate, MgSO 4 .7H _{2 05.98}

Crystalline calcium nitrate, Ca (NO 2) ₂ .4H ₂ 01.74

Crystalline sulfate manganese, MnSO 4 .5H ₂ 0 1.04 Crystalline sulfate Ferrous, FeSO 4 .7H ₂ 0 1.76 Crystalline sulfate zinc, ZnSO 4 .7H ₂ 0 0.47 Crystalline sulfate cobalt, CoS0 ^ 7H ₂ 0 0.14 Crystalline sulfate copper, CuSO 4 .5H ₂ O 0.46 Crystalline boric acid, H 2 BO 2 0.34 Crystalline ammonium molybdate, (NH 4 JgMo-jO 2 0.05 Thermal acid trihydrogenphosphoric, H 2 PO 2 (ca. 56S P ₂ 0 $) 2.64

The liquid concentrate thus prepared contained: 0.59 wt. % chelated Mg; 0.3 wt. chalatized Ca; 0.24 wt. % of chalatized Mn; 0.35 wt. % chalatized fe; 0.11 wt. % of chelated Zn; 0.03 wt. % chelated Co; 0.12 wt. % chelated Cu; 0.06 wt. % B; 0.027 wt. % Mo; 1.25 wt. % WITH; 5.85 wt. % On the; 2.35 wt. % N and 1.43 wt., PgOj. The pH was 7.23 and the specific gravity at room temperature was 1320 kg. alcoholic solution of beta-indolyacetic acid. The added additives were perfectly homogenized with the chicken droppings suspension.

For every 50 kg of enriched hen droppings containing 94 wt. 14% of dry matter (determined by drying to constant weight at 102-105 ° C) 14.23 kg of technical ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 17.41 kg of technical KgSO 4, 14.36 kg of technical crystalline urea and 4.0 kg were added in a Lodige homogenizer. technical MgO (thermally processed magnesite - so-called brick torment). The homogeneous mixture was further processed by granulation by applying pressure between counter-rotating smooth rollers. The temperature of the compressor was in the range of 35 to 55 ° C. The compressed thus prepared was partially disintegrated, and a granulate fraction of 2 to 4 mm was separated from the disintegration product.

Example 3

In order to assess the agronomic efficiency of the granular organo-mineral fertilizer according to the invention in comparison with a conventional granular industrial fertilizer, as well as with an experimental variant in which poultry manure was used in a mixture with an industrial fertilizer.

For the small-field experiment, lettuce was chosen as the crop, due to its relatively short growing season (in order to test the granular organopiperinal fertilizer according to the invention more quickly). The experiment was carried out on the alluvial floor, under the foil floor and also on the free floor.

Habitat characteristics;

Parameter Serve under a foil tray Free lodges C v ie ox 1.08 1.27 N total. in % 0.18 0.20 pH (H ₂ 0) 7.8 7.6 pH (KCl). 7.0 6.8 Duration of the experiment 25.3.-4.5 3.5. - 11.6 Plot size 10 m ² 10 m ² Planting alate 30.3. 10.5. Salad collection 4.5. 11.6.

Experiment variants:

I. variant - unfertilized control

II. variant - 9.5 g N, 4.15 g P, 4.36 g K, 2.7 g CaO, 3.3 g MgO, 3.7 g S, 0.4 g Fe, 175 mg Mn, 87 mg B, 57 mg Zn, 45 mg Cu, 4.5 mg Co, 4.5 mg Mo, 8.0 mg Ti and 1.4 g CS (NH 3) ₉ in the form of a granular organo-mineral fertilizer 2 2 according to the invention on 1 m (in 100 g fertilizer / m)

III. variant - 10 g N, 4.2 g Pa 4.2 g K in the form of granular industrial fertilizer type 11-15-15 (DEMETRA) and ammonium oxide with dolomite (LAD 27.5) on 2 · 1 m

IV. Variant - 10.2 g N, 4.2 g of P, 4.35 g K "0, 8.4 g of calcium in the form of an aqueous suspension of ^EXAMPLE 2 - fresh chicken droppings per 1 m of the soil.

The effectiveness of the applied fertilizers was assessed on the basis of the achieved lettuce yield in individual variants of the small-field experiment, both under the foil and in the wild. The achieved results are summarized in the table:

Harvest head salad (t. ha ¹ ) Attempt Come foil Free lodges (t.ha ^-1 ) (% against control) (t.ha ^-1 ) (% against control) I. 26.7 100.0 28.5 100.0 II. 39.6 148.3 41.5 145.7 III. 33.7 126.2 33.2 116.5 IV. 35.0 131.0 34.7 121.6

The results of small-field experiments in the cultivation of lettuce under the film and in the open indicate the high agronomic efficiency of the granular organo-mineral fertilizer according to the invention.

Example 4.

Poultry manure suspension, obtained in connection with large-scale laying hen farming, and a liquid concentrate of biogenic elements of the lignosulfonate type under the trade name BIOMEK were continuously metered into the vortex dryer.

This concentrate of trace plant nutrients contained at least:

% 'of dry matter

1.8% iron 0.2% copper

0.16% zinc

0.65% manganese

0.1% cobalt 0.01% molybdenum and 0.2% boron.

In order to prepare 500 kg of poultry manure enriched with trace elements,

386.5 kg of poultry manure suspension (20% dry matter) was dosed with 273.5 kg of BIOMEK concentrate.

Into a homogenizer equipped with a plow and knife stirrer (Lodige system)

then gradually awarded: 500.0 h.d. enriched poultry manure, 158.0 h.d. potassium sulphate, 142.3 h.d. Technical Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (MAP) 130.0 h.d. urea, 40.0 h.d. technical magnesium oxide MAGNOVIT, 13.0 h.d. technical thiourea - CStNH? ^, 16.7 h.d. ground natural zeolite ZÉOCHEM.

After all of the above ingredients were metered in, the homogenizer was closed and the stirrers were started. By homogenizing for 2 minutes, 1,000 parts by weight of the mixture were obtained for its subsequent processing by extrusion into a compacted mold.

An extruder commonly used in connection with the production of feeds and compound feeds was used to compact and shape the organo-mineral mixture being prepared. The extrusion of the fertilizing organo-mineral medium took place as a result of forcing the mixture through a horizontally situated perforated die by the action of four truncated cone-shaped rotating bodies rolling along the surface of the matrix. The size of the holes in the matrix was 5 mm. A knife rotated at an adjustable speed on the underside of the die, which cut the extrudate into rolls 5 to 7 mm long.

The granular organo-mineral fertilizer prepared in this way contained min. 9.5% N, min. 9.5% Ρ £ θ5 ^and min. 10.5 ⁱⁿ chloride-free form. It also contained min.

2.7% calcium (expressed as CaO), min. 3.3% magnesium (in the form of oxide), min. 3.7% sulfur and min. 0.4% iron (as Fe). The content of trace biogenic plant elements in * ppm, resp. in mg / kg in the organo-mineral fertilizer was as follows:

manganese min. 1750 mg Mn. . kg ^-1 zinc min. 450 mg Zn, . kg ^-1 me3 min. 570 mg Cu. . kg “ ¹

cobalt min. 45 mg What . . kg ¹ bor min. 870 mg B. . kg ^-1 . -1 titanium min. 80 mg You. . kg ¹ molybdenum min. 45 mg Mo. . kg ¹

The aqueous extract of the granular organo-mineral fertilizer had a practically neutral chemical reaction (pH IX of the extract in boiled distilled water at 25 ° C: 7.05).

Example5.

3.0 t of poultry manure (SUHYT) were introduced into the homogenizer and 150 kg of potassium sulphate, 320 kg of powdered triple superphosphate (SFT), 665 kg of ground phosphorite, 820 kg of technical urea (fine crystalline) and 45 kg of technical crystalline thiourea. Homogenization of this mixture gave 5 t of powdered fibrous material, which was further processed into granules by extrusion on a device of similar construction as described in Example 4.

The obtained granular organo-mineral fertilizer contained 10.2 wt. % of total nitrogen,

11.5 wt. % of total P 2 O 2, approx. 6.0 wt. % 1 ^ 0 and about 1.0 wt. % sulfur.

Example 6

An average of one hour was fed into the drum granulator:

9.3 t of powdered triple superphosphate (44% P 2 O 3),

0.6 tons of poultry manure (obtained in a Seidler-type jet dryer, TCW), 1.9 tons of granulation liquid consisting of 540 kg of concentrated sulphite slags (44 ”dry matter) and 1,360 kg of approximately 20 ammonia water.

Next, a return material consisting of a sieved and a disintegrated oversized fraction was added to the granulation drum, the weight ratio of the feedstock to the recycle material ranging from 1: 2.5 to 1: 3.5. The crude granulate obtained in the granulator was dried by passing it through a drum drier. By sorting the production fraction with a size of 2 to 4 mm and in the above-mentioned manner, it prepared about 10 t / h of organo-mineral phosphorus granular fertilizer, in which the P ₂ ° 5 content was equal to about 40%. The granular organo-mineral fertilizer contained an average of 5! 5 agronomically active, easily humidifiable organic component, consisting of a mixture of poultry manure and lignin derivatives.

Example 1 and d 7

A mixture of the following composition was prepared in a flow-through trough homogenizer for the preparation of granular organo-mineral fertilizer:

75.0 h.d. poultry manure, prepared by drying an 18 to 20% poultry manure suspension in a continuously operating jet drier,

7.22 h.d. triple superphosphate powder (44% ^P 2 ° 5 ^ 7.70 h.d. potassium salt - technical potassium chloride (60 SK ₂ 0), 4.33 h.d. ground phosphorite (30 £ P ^ O ^), 5.75 h.d. homogeneous suspension of fresh poultry manure (20S dry matter)

CS 2760Θ9 B6

The homogeneous mixture was continuously granulated by passing it through an extrusion granulator, usually used for granulating compound feeds. In this way, a granular organo-mineral fertilizer in the form of rollers was obtained, which contained:

2.5% N, 7.0% P ₂ 0 ₅ , and 6.5% K ₂ 0.

ExampleS

The following were gradually introduced into a batch-operated mixer from Lodige type FM / D: 60.0 kg of poultry - chicken droppings from large-scale laying hen production, 25.0 kg of captured fly ash from magnesite furnaces supplied under the trade name MAGNOVIT

15.0 kg ground natural zeolite ZEOCHEM ·

The mixture obtained by documentary homogenization was processed by compacting between smooth weights into a predominantly continuous plastic, which was subsequently initially disintegrated and the final product - compacted organo-mineral fertilizer containing magnesium, calcium and gradual nitrogen in the form of grain size 1 - was sorted from the mixture after disintegration. up to 5 mm.

Example 9

500 kg of ground natural zeolite under the trade name Nitrosorb ^{was added per 5 m 3 of} liquid faeces to a stirred tank of liquid laying manure from a large-scale laying hen located in front of a vortex dryer of poultry manure. Poultry manure contained 21.5. mass % of dry matter and ground zeolite Nitrosorb contained 5 wt. % humidity. The mixture, after homogenization, was continuously metered into the dryer in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 kg.s -1. The vortex dryer was heated by direct natural gas flue gases. An average of 400 kg of intermediate was obtained from the drier per hour, which contained 65.7 wt.%, Poultry manure, 25.2 wt. % of zeolite dry matter and 9.1 wt. % humidity.

The obtained intermediate was homogenized with finely ground dolomitic limestone in a weight ratio of 1: 1. Subsequent extrusion at 80-95 ° C gave an organo-mineral fertilizer containing slow-acting nitrogen, magnesium and calcium.

P r i k 1 a d 10

500 kg of ground natural zeolite ^{per 5 m 3 of} liquid faeces was added to a stirred tank of liquid laying manure from a large-scale laying hen located in front of a vortex dryer of poultry manure. Poultry manure contained 21.5 wt. % of dry matter and ground zeolite Nitrosorb contained 5 wt. H humidity. After homogenization, the mixture was continuously metered into the dryer in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 kg. The vortex dryer was heated by direct flue gas of natural gas. An average of 400 kg of organo-mineral fertilizer, which contained 65.7 wt.%, Was obtained from the dryer per hour. % dry matter of poultry manure, 25.2 wt. % dry matter of zeolite and 9.1 wt.% moisture. The mixture thus prepared was processed into granular organomineral fertilizer according to the method of Example 2.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS A combined organo-mineral fertilizer for fertilizing agricultural crops obtainable by pressure granulation, compression or extrusion of a mixture containing 6 to 75 wt. % of poultry manure, possibly enriched with secondary and trace plant nutrients, with a moisture content of 4.8 to 21.2 wt. % and 25 to 94 wt. % of inorganic and / or organic substances containing plant nutrients, at a temperature of 18 to 93 ° C.