CS276783B6 - Ceramic, especially earthenware - Google Patents

Abstract

Ceramic, especially stoneware material for the production of roofing material contains a clay component, for example dried and ground stoneware clay, a grit component, water, a coloring component, for example brick coloring clay and a plasticizer. The material can be used, for example, for the production of roofing material for the reconstruction of historical buildings.

Description

The invention relates to a ceramic material, in particular an earthenware mass, for the production of a roof covering.

Brick plastic is known for the production of roofing with a moisture content of 14 to 18% by weight. The mass is prepared by the wet method, ie by wet grinding, kneading and subsequently processed on vacuum belt presses, or even pressed into the desired shape by articulated or hydraulic pressing. In the case of direct drawing of the roofing, the zone press pulls out the zone of the required profile, from which the cutting machine then shapes the individual pieces of roofing. When overlays are used, pre-extracts are drawn on a belt press, which are subsequently formed by overprinting.

The disadvantage of this method is the subsequent technologically very demanding section of drying the moldings. It must be carried out in such a way that deformations, such as warping or the formation of internal or external cracks, do not occur as a result of drying. It is therefore a process that significantly contributes to the quality of the final product. Defects caused by drying can no longer be eliminated by further technological processing. This results in high demands on the control of the drying process, which therefore becomes a frequent source of poor quality production. Also from the point of view of space, drying is very demanding, because the individual moldings must be dried on pads and only after drying are they removed from the pads and stored on kiln wagons using various burning aids. Another disadvantage of this material is that the roofing made from them has a high absorbency of the shard and low strength, which significantly affects the frost resistance, and thus the life of the roofing.

Furthermore, earthenware plastic is known for the production of roofing, the main component of which is earthenware clays. The roofing made from it has a significantly lower absorbency of the shard and higher values of other parameters, such as compressive and bending strength than from brick material, which ensures a significantly longer service life.

As in the production of brick roofing, the main disadvantage here remains the high technological and spatial demands on the drying process, which is even more demanding in the case of stoneware due to the denser shard than in the case of brick roofing. For this reason, the production of roofing from earthenware plastic has not become more widespread.

Another disadvantage of the hitherto known plastics for the production of roofing is the need to handle the products between drying and firing. The dried compacts are removed from the drying pads and transferred for firing. Manipulations are a source of mechanical damage and thus quality deterioration. During firing, the roofing in the furnace is fixed with burning aids or tied with wire, which is also a source of poor quality products.

These shortcomings are largely eliminated by the ceramic, in particular earthenware, for the production of the roofing according to the invention, which consists of 50 to 80 parts, parts of clay component, 10 to 40 parts, parts of slag component, 4 to 10 parts. parts of water and further max. 20 masses, parts of coloring component and max. 5 masses, parts of plasticizer. Dried and ground earthenware clay or clay mixtures are used as clay components, dried and ground brick clay dyes are used as coloring components, possibly with the addition of non-ceramic dye, and natural or ceramic fired slag with a maximum grain size of 1.5 mm is used as slag components, wherein part of the slag component may be formed by a material which acts as a flux during firing, for example a finely ground bell.

The components of the ceramic flat material are dosed into a mixer, where they are mixed, moistened and homogenized into a semi-dry working material, the so-called drolenka. It is used to create a roof covering, such as beavers, manholes, on a hydraulic press. These are stored in firing cordierite U-cartridges, in which both drying and firing take place in a vertical position.

An exemplary embodiment of a semi-dry ceramic is given in the following examples:

CS 276783 B 6

Example 1

A semi-dry ceramic composition was created with the composition:

earthenware 70 mass parts brick clay - July 10 mass parts burnt lupine 20 mass parts plasticizer 3 mass parts water 7 mass parts Example 2 earthenware 80 mass parts burnt lupine 15 mass parts ground bead (up to 0.5 mm) 5 mass parts plasticizer 3 mass parts water 8 mass parts Example 3 earthenware 75 mass parts oxide dye 5 mass parts fired earthenware 20 mass parts water 8 mass parts

The roofing, made of the semi-dry ceramic material according to the invention, has a dense shard with low absorbency and porosity, exhibits high strength and frost resistance. The high acid resistance increases the resistance to, for example, acid rain, and due to the higher thermal conductivity of the shard and the smaller thickness of the product, the mechanical stresses due to temperature changes are more quickly equalized, which further increases the product life. The higher relative strength of the earthenware shard allows the pressing of the covering with a lower thickness and thus also by weight. The method of creation allows for various design modifications as well as pressing of holes for a firm attachment of the roofing.

The roofing made of the material according to the invention can be advantageously used, for example, in repairs and reconstructions of monuments, with regard to the possibility of using a visually adequate roofing and also with the possibility of making roofs in monuments with a high tilt.

Claims (5)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Ceramic, in particular earthenware, for the production of roofing, characterized in that it contains 50 to 80 parts by weight of clay component, 10 to 40 parts by weight of slag component, 4 to 10 parts by weight of water, up to 20 parts by weight components and up to 5 parts, parts of plasticizer. 2. A ceramic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that dried and ground earthenware clay or a mixture of clays is used as the clay component. 3. Ceramic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that dried and ground brick coloring clay is used as coloring component, optionally with the addition of a non-ceramic dye. 4. A ceramic composition according to claim 1, characterized in that natural or ceramic fired slag with a maximum grain size of 1.5 mm is used as the slag component. CS 276783 B 6 5. A ceramic composition according to claim 4, characterized in that part of the slag component forms a material which, when fired, behaves like a flux, like a finely ground bell.