CS277527B6 - A method for treating a textile material with at least a partial content of thermoplastic fibers by loosening - Google Patents

Abstract

Textile material (6), for example fibrous waste containing at least some thermoplastic fibres, is fed directly from the production line into shredding machines with an additional device, where a cooling and separating emulsion (7) is continuously applied to the waste fibres. This emulsion (7) is released during the mechanical action of the working parts of the shredding machine, creating a mist in the space of the shredding machine, which cools the metal parts of the shredding machine and at the same time creates a microfilm on the fibres, protecting the fibres from the effects of heat and reducing the frictional forces between the fibres, thereby limiting the amount of heat generated. The pulping is gentler and the fibres obtained can be processed as primary raw material. The cooling and separating emulsion (7) is supplied from the tank (1) via a transfer roller (3) and via a wading roller (2) to the textile material (6). The pressure roller (4) ensures close contact of the transfer roller (3) with the textile material (6), which is fed from the additional device into the hopper (8) of the tearing machine. The pressure force of the rollers (2, 3, 4) is adjustable by the pressure device (5).

Description

The invention relates to a process for treating a textile material with at least a partial content of thermoplastic fibers in order to recover these fibers for further textile processing, in particular low-melting fibers. The textile material is processed by loosening, for example on a tearing machine with an attachment. The textile material consists mainly of wastes, namely of woven, knitted and above all non-woven character, for example needled and interwoven fabrics, bonded fleece.

Prior art

The sharp and constantly growing trend of using technical textiles, such as geotextiles, shoe felts, brings with it a large increase in waste, generated mainly by trimming the edges of these textiles. Due to the content of thermoplastic fibers in these products, the resulting waste was no longer processable. In known methods of waste disintegration, heat is generated due to friction, the amount of which is determined primarily by the cohesion of the nonwoven fabric. Heat damages the thermoplastic fibers, forms lumps, and this causes considerable difficulties in mechanical disintegration on conventional shredding machines.

The essence of the invention

This disadvantage is eliminated by the method of recovering fibers, in particular thermoplastic fibers with a low melting point, from the textile material by loosening, for example on a tearing machine with an attachment device. The textile material is mainly textile waste, mainly from non-woven textiles.

The essence of the solution lies in the fact that the heat generated during the disintegration of the textile material, which acts directly on the fibers of the textile material, is eliminated during the friction of the fibers by a cooling and separating emulsion from a mixture of water and oil, which is applied to the textile material before the disintegration process. As the textile material loosens, the emulsion forms a microfilm on the fibers, which protects the fibers from heat and reduces the frictional forces between the fibers, thereby reducing the amount of heat generated.

The emulsion is applied to the textile material on an additional device, which is preceded, for example, by a tearing machine. The advantage of the solution according to the invention is the elimination of the heat generated during disintegration, which prevents the melting of thermoplastic fibers and their degradation. There is a reduction in frictional forces due to the separating and cooling emulsion on the surface of the fibers, which makes it possible to reduce the shortening of the fiber length due to the mechanical action of the tearing or disintegrating machine on the reinforcing bonding points in the fabric. During the mechanical action of the working parts of the machine on the textile material with the clogged cooling and separation emulsion, a nebula is formed in this part of the machine, which on the one hand cools the metal parts of the machine and on the other hand forms a microfilm of this emulsion on the fibers of the textile material. In this way, the loosened textile material is as close as possible to the raw material presented to the production line, which allows the introduction of waste-free technology during production.

Example of an embodiment of the invention

The attached drawing shows a specific embodiment of an additional device to a tearing machine, which is intended for applying a cooling and separating emulsion 7 to a textile material 2. The additional device forms one unit with the tearing machine. The textile material 6 enters directly behind the hopper 8 of the shredding machine behind the additional device.

The attachment device consists of a metal or plastic tank 1 for separation and cooling emulsion 2 / wading roller 2, transfer roller 3 and pressure roller 4. The surface of wading 2 and transfer roller 3 is formed by a soft absorbent surface, e.g. wool-synthetic felt, is formed by a hard surface, for example metal. The drive of the rollers is derived from the input rollers of the shredding machine or is separate with the possibility of speed control.

As the cooling and separating emulsion 2, a 1% aqueous mixture with lard oil D 1 / N or a similar emulsion is used, which is poured into the tank 1. The textile material 6 is fed directly from the production line to the blasting machines with additional equipment. The cooling and separating emulsion 2 is continuously applied to the textile material 6 by means of a wading roller 2 and a transfer roller 2. The pressure roller 4 ensures tight contact of the textile material 2 with the transfer roller 2 ^and a pressure device 5, by means of which the wading roller 2 and the pressure roller 4 are pressed against the transfer roller 2 ·

During the mechanical action of the working parts of the tearing machine, the cooling and separating emulsion 2 is released in the space of the tearing machine and forms a microfilm on the fibers of the textile material, protecting the fibers from heat and reducing frictional forces between the fibers.

The transfer of the cooling and separation emulsion 2 to the textile material 6, for example non-woven waste, can also be carried out by spraying nozzles on the waste to be treated, both from the top and from the bottom of the material. The amount of clogged emulsion can be freely changed by means of adjustable nozzles.

The attachment can also operate as a stand-alone machine that can be freely moved to different blasting machines. The use of this system is important especially in the lines for the production of needled fleece textiles and the creation of fleece on carding machines, where a cobweb is formed, which is further layered and needled.

Claims (1)

patent claims A process for treating a textile material with at least a partial content of thermoplastic fibers by disintegration, for example on a tearing machine with attachments, in particular nonwovens and in particular textile waste, characterized in that a cooling and separating emulsion consisting of a mixture of water and oil is applied to the textile material before disintegration. which, in the disintegration process, forms a microfilm on the fibers of the textile material, protecting the fibers from heat and reducing the frictional forces between the fibers, thereby limiting the amount of heat generated.