CZ20003201A3 - Spark plug with enhanced operating characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to spark plugs for igniting the fuel charge in an internal combustion engine, and is particularly concerned with an improved spark plug construction which improves combustion pressure and fuel mileage and diminishes exhaust pollution, as compared with known prior art plugs.

Description

Ignition plugs with improved performance characteristics

Technical field

The invention relates to spark plugs for igniting a fuel charge in an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to an improved ignition coil design which, compared to prior art spark plugs, increases ignition pressure, reduces fuel consumption per mileage, and also reduce harmful exhaust emissions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to the following patent applications which it classifies for comparison:

serial number 60 / 076,669 register March 2, 1998, serial number 60 / 089,458 register. June 6, 1998, serial number 60 / 089,491 register, June 6, 1998, serial number 60 / 089,499 register, June 6, 1998, serial number 60 / 114,439 register. 31 December 1998.

Prior art ignition coils are well known. These ignition coils include a central electrode and a ground electrode that is separate from the central electrode. If a sufficiently large voltage is applied through the gap, a spark jumps over the gap. This spark can be used to ignite the fuel mixture compressed inside the internal combustion engine.

U.S. Patent 5,051,651 specifies a "cylindrical opening" that is formed around a central electrode by shading an external ground electrode. U.S. Patent 5,051,651 claims that multiple "germs of ignition" are formed inside this cylindrical opening. In each example, the grounding electrode has a "substantially concave inner surface corresponding to the radial face surface of the center electrode" (paragraph 8, line 33). This creates a concentric curved surface having an inner radius equal to the "size of the center electrode radius, where the electrode contact gap (spark gap) may be the same as the radius of the cylindrical bore" (paragraph 1, line 54).

In Fig. 13 of Patent 5,051,651 and in the description of Independent Claim # 18, the invention relies specifically on spark-producing areas, wherein "at least a portion of every /

4 4 44 44 The 4 perpendicular inner sides include a concave surface with a curvature that corresponds to the axial front surface of the center electrode ”.

As the sparks propagate along the shortest paths, from the center electrode to the ground electrode, the surfaces according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,651 similar to other concentric annular constructions (Patents # 1,748,338, # 1,942,242, # 1,912,516, # 5,430,346, # 5,280,214) in which the grounding electrode is shaped by a corresponding radius centered on the same axis as the central electrode. U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent 5,051,651 provides a concentric annular structure for the functional core, as with others.

The applicant is convinced that the concentric annular structure provides no performance advantage over a standard spark plug.

Reference is also made to U.S. Pat. U.S. Patent 5,612,586, which emphasizes the 90 ° bend limitation common to standard spark plugs.

The prior art patents also include certain advanced features. However, there is still a need for improved candle design that provides improved fuel efficiency and reduced pollutant emissions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the use of an edge coil ignition coil tangential to the central electrode.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improvement in the ignition coil.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved ignition coil grounding electrode.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ignition coil that exhibits improved fuel efficiency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an ignition coil that exhibits improved combustion pressure.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved ignition coil that provides less pollutants in the exhaust gas.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, depending on the drawings and the appended claims.

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Overview of the drawings

Giant. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of the present invention showing an overall view of the embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the first embodiment of the ignition coil 10 of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a plan view of two electrodes, the ground electrodes 51 and the center electrodes 20 used in the second embodiment of the present invention. 4 shows a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 52 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the third embodiment, comprising three segments, tri tangential relationships and three peaks; Figure 5 shows a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 53 and center electrodes 20 used in a fourth embodiment comprising six segments, at least four tangential relationships and five peaks; Figure 6 shows a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 60; the central electrodes 20 used in the fifth embodiment, which comprises four segments and Four Tangential Relations, Fig. 7 shows a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 70 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the sixth embodiment, which may be considered a "closed box" design with four tangential relations and four peaks. Figure 8 is a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 80 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the seventh embodiment, which can be considered as a "closed hexagonal box" with six tangential relationships and six peaks; a plan view of two electrodes, grounding electrodes 90 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the eighth embodiment, which may be considered as a single aligned straight electrode " with one tangential relationship; FIG. 10 shows a plan view of three electrodes, two ground electrodes Γ00,101 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the ninth embodiment, which can be considered as a " double aligned straight electrode " with two tangential relationships, FIG. 11 shows a plan view of three electrodes, two ground electrodes HO, 111 and center electrode 20 used in the tenth embodiment, which can be considered as a "double T electrode" with two tangential relationships, Φ φ Φ Φ Φ · · · · · · · · · · 4 ·· · ·

ΦΦΦ φ φ

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φ · ··· 44 Fig. 12 shows a plan view of three electrodes, two grounding electrodes 120,121 and a center electrode 20, which are used in the eleventh embodiment, which can be considered a "aligned double T electrode" design with two tangential relationships 13 is a plan view of four electrodes, three grounding electrodes 130, 131. 132 and the center electrodes 20 used in the eleventh embodiment, which may be considered to be a "triangular triple T electrode" embodiment with three tangential relationships, FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of a typical center electrode 20 shown below in cross section of a portion of the ground electrode 140. including a lower corner edge directed towards the central electrode in a tangential relationship; Figure 15 illustrates a ground electrode 150 providing a single convexly curved edge disposed at a single edge central electrode 20 in a tangential relationship wherein the cross-section of the ground electrode has a rectangular shape; a straight edge disposed at the central electrode, wherein one edge is shown tangentially, the cross-section of the ground electrode having a rectangular shape, FIG. 17 illustrates the use of four ground electrodes 170 which no tangential relationship is shown, although the four edges may be in the zone shown in FIG. 26, with the cross-section of each of the four grounding electrodes having a rectangular shape, FIG. 18 shows a triangular grounding electrode 180 with three edges and three peaks located at the center electrode. Three edges in tangential relationship are shown, wherein the cross-section of each linear segment of the grounding electrode is substantially rectangular, FIG. 19 shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 11, showing a triangular grounding electrode 190 and a triangular center electrode 195. showing three tangential relations 20 shows an embodiment of an open-ended structure comprising a grounding electrode 200 with three curved edges and two peaks located at the center electrode 20. Three "curved" edges with tangential relationships are part of this embodiment. Note that the tangential relationship can be a "direct tangential relationship", or it can include a curved tangential relationship ", * fcfcfc • fcfcfc fcfc

Figure 21 shows an open-ended structure comprising a grounding electrode 210 with three straight edges and two apexes positioned at the center electrode of the fcfc fcfc. 20 showing three tangential relationship edges and two peaks, FIG. 22 shows an open-end structure similar to that of FIG. 21, but with the difference that the center electrode 20 shares the shape of the earth electrode 220 that is Fig. 23 shows a "forked" structure in which there are two tangential relationships and one vertex, while the earth electrode 220 and the center electrode 230 are also shown. Fig. 24 shows the two earth electrodes 240 each of which at the end includes a "spike" that serves to surround the protruding portion of the center electrode 20, e.g. it also shows four straight tangential relationships and two peaks; Figure 25 shows a simple concave curved edge disposed at the center electrode 20 by the ground electrode 250.

26 is a side view showing the different positions 1, 2 and 3 in which the ground electrode 260 may be disposed relative to the center electrode, wherein the positions 1, 3, 3 are within the "zone" This position within the zone provides that each of these positions exposes the lower edge of the grounding electrode to the outer edge of the center electrode, which, in the inventor's view, at the time of filing may create a "chimney" effect for the aspirated gases, Fig. 27 shows a cross-sectional front view of FIG. the electrode 20), with the lower edges of the ground electrode 270 positioned above the center electrode in tangential relation to the peripheral projection of the central electrode, FIG. 28 shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 27, except that the cross-section of the ground electrode 280 has aerodynamic shape. less resistance to frontal spread pla 28 shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 28, except that the grounding electrode has a limited number of edges to only one edge supported by the arc, as seen in the electrode structure of FIG. Such a structure may also suit the view of Fig. 15. The cross-section may have any shape that differs from the shape shown that presents an edge (straight or other) as the closest surface to the top edges of the center electrode 20; of grounding electrodes. 302 (four grounding electrodes - not shown) may be used that provide several straight edges located at the top of the center electrode and are inclined below a certain

-6 • Upward and inward angle. Said angle is not as important as the end position of the tips of the elongate elements, FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional view of an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 1, but with the cross-section of the ground electrode 310 having a rhombic shape presenting the edges to the top. This construction can improve the flame current upon ignition of the mixture by beveling above and below the edges of the ground electrode, FIG. 32 shows a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 1, except that on the top surface of the ground electrode 320 is a simple bevel, which could offer some advantage over the embodiment of FIG. 31, as well as ease of manufacture; FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment including an earth electrode similar to that of FIG. 1 except that a notch has been formed on the center electrode 335; 34, FIG 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1 with a grounding electrode 340 except that a top section of the center electrode 345 is formed, a narrow section forming a fine wire discharge tip on the center electrode; FIG. 35 illustrates the edge of the ground electrode 350 positioned from above, through one shaft (shown) or several shanks (not shown) that support the "important" edge. The center electrode also has a notch formed on the upper portion, Fig. 36 illustrates an arrangement that includes "maximized edge distance arrangements" of the two edges defined by center and ground electrodes 365.360. Although this arrangement is more expensive to manufacture than other arrangements, said arrangement represents less shielding of the spark between the edges in the combustion chamber. The small electrode sizes should also serve to reduce the blockage of the incoming fuel and the existing flame core, Fig. 37 shows an ignition coil with an earth electrode 370 similar to the electrode in Figs. 1 and 2, except that the center electrode 375 is used. 38 shows a spark plug with a single electrode center electrode 385 and a ground electrode 380 similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 39 shows a view of a series of center electrodes that may be used with other grounding electrodes. the electrodes disclosed in this disclosure, including a chisel tip 395-A, a pyramid tip 395-B, a V-slot tip 395-C, a tip with a paddle 395-D.

395-E polygon tip. one tip 395-F, multi-tip tip 395-G, tapered tip 395-H. hollow cylinder 395-1. hollow polygon (polygon) 395-J and tapered configuration 395-K.

40A and 40B show a plan view and a front view of an arrangement that includes a T-shaped center electrode 405 with T-shaped ends defining edges, and a pair of grounding electrodes 400,401, each similarly defining an edge, with the center electrode edges positioned at the edges. 41A and 41B show a plan view and elevational view of an arrangement that includes an L-shaped center electrode 415 and a grounded tangential edge electrode 410. The two segments may be used as in Figs. 40A and 40B, or multiple segments may be used with the arrangement of Figs. 40A / 40B, Figs. 42A / 42B illustrate an arrangement comprising a center electrode 425 and a ground electrode 420 arranged to 43 shows an arrangement comprising a central electrode 20 and a ground electrode 430 that provides vertical and horizontal gaps between the designations G1 and G2. It is preferred that G1 be zero or greater and G2 is zero or greater. It is another way of depicting a " zone " concept, FIG. 44 shows a plan view of an exemplary center electrode 20 and two exemplary earth electrodes 440,441, further showing a tangential relationship that is a feature of the present invention. As can be seen, the "tangential relationship" does not only include the "case 1" of the 20,440 element relationship. but also "case 2" of the relationship of elements 20,241.

45 shows a plan view of an exemplary center electrode 20 and a two-tooth ground electrode 450 similar to that of FIG. 3 but having shorter teeth that provide a tangential relationship of 453.454. as shown in case 2 of the example of FIG. Also shown is the central peak 455.

Fig. 46 shows a "wide box" configuration similar to that of Fig. 1, except that instead of the four tangential relationships, the four edges of the ground electrode 460 are outside the center electrode protrusion and in the "zone" of Fig. 26. According to the inventor, at the time of filling, this provides additional space in the suction concept shown in Fig. 26, Fig. 47 shows a "wide fork" arrangement similar to the one shown in Fig. 3, except that instead of two tangential the edges of the grounding electrode are located outside the protrusion of the exemplary center electrode 20 and in the zone of Figure 26. According to the inventor, this at the time of filling provides additional space in the suction concept shown in FIG. 26, FIG. 48 shows the expected difference in the properties of the concentric and non-concentric electrodes, illustrates the concentric earth electrode 480, the " open "

4

-84 44 «· · 444 4 · 44

Both in conjunction with a typical central electrode 20, while, as can be seen, the open electrode surfaces tend, according to the inventor, to promote the propagation of the flame core.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed, according to the general description, to an ignition coil with a conventional center electrode and one or more ground electrodes, each defining at least one corner end that is oriented substantially tangentially to the circumference of the annular electrode.

One arrangement contemplated in the context of the present invention may be called the box ignition arrangement shown in FIG. 1. The box candle uses an electrode having a generally square shape and surrounding, viewed from above, a central electrode. In fact (see FIG. 2), the box does not surround the center electrode since there is a gap (0.63 mm in one test) defined between the upper circular surface of the center electrode and the plane in which the downwardly directed lower surfaces of the split fork tips are located.

As can be seen, the electrode 30 comprises two end tips 32, which initially diverging eventually converge. Both end tips 32 comprise two segments 34 of equal length. Two of these segments can be considered as diverging segments 34 and the other as converging segments 34. This means that each nib comprises one diverging segment and one converging segment. An "elbow" can be considered to be an element connecting a particular diverging segment to a corresponding converging segment. Such "elbows" (two in Fig. 1) are shown in a substantially vertical plane extending across the median longitudinal axis of the central tip.

The grounding electrode comprises three peaks, the main peak 40 and the two inner peaks 41 of the elbow. htofr

The cross-sections of the segments 34 have a rectangular shape, one embodiment having a width of 1.27 mm and a thickness of 1.27 mm. Such a cross section provides four outwardly directed and substantially linear (at least not near the bend) corner edges (see also FIG. 14). It can be believed that the relationship of the at least one lower corner edge to the center electrode provides improved performance. Such a relationship is called a "tangential relationship" and in Figure 1 four such tangential relationships are shown, one for each segment.

It will be appreciated that the center electrode of FIG. 2 is an upward centered electrode in this application. However, this is not intended to be limiting. In operation, such an electrode may be oriented in different directions.

Other designs * «44 · ·

-9 ··· 4 4 · 44 44 4 • 4 44

Other embodiments of grounding electrodes are contemplated in accordance with the present invention. Figure 3 shows a plan view of two electrodes, grounding electrodes 51 and center electrodes 20 used in the second embodiment of the present invention, which is considered a "forked" arrangement with two 4 shows a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 52 and center electrodes 20, which are used in a third embodiment comprising three segments, three tangential relationships and three peaks; FIG. 5 shows a plan view of two electrodes and ground electrodes 53 and center electrodes 20 used in the fourth embodiment, which includes six segments, at least four tangential relationships and five peaks, FIG. 6 shows a plan view of two electrodes, ground electrodes 60 and center electrodes 20, which are used in a fifth embodiment that includes four segments and four tangential relationships, Fig. 7 shows a plan view of two electrodes, grounding electrodes 70 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the sixth embodiment, which can be considered a "closed box" design with four tangential relations and four peaks; Figure 8 shows a plan view of two electrodes, grounding electrodes 80 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the seventh embodiment, which can be considered as a "closed hexagonal box" with six tangential relationships and six peaks; a plan view of two electrodes, grounding electrodes 90 and center electrodes 20, which are used in the eighth embodiment, which may be considered as a single aligned straight electrode " with one tangential relationship; FIG. 10 shows a plan view of three electrodes, two ground electrodes 100, 101 and center electrodes 20 which are used in the ninth embodiment, which can be considered as a " double aligned straight electrode " with two tangential relationships, FIG. 11 shows a plan view of three electrodes, two ground electrodes 110.111 and a central electrode 20 used in of the tenth embodiment, which can be considered as a " double T electrode " embodiment with two tangential relationships, FIG. 12 shows a plan view of three electrodes, two grounding electrodes 120.121 and a central electrode 20 used in the eleventh embodiment, considered to be an "aligned double T electrode" embodiment with two tangential relationships, Fig. 13 shows a plan view of four electrodes, namely three ground electrodes 130, 131. 132 and center electrodes 20 that are used in the eleventh embodiment, which may be 9

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Figure 9 shows a front view of a typical center electrode 20 shown below a cross section of a portion of a ground electrode 140 comprising a lower corner edge directed towards the center electrode in a tangential relationship; 15 illustrates a ground electrode 150 providing a single convexly curved edge disposed at a central electrode 20 with a single edge in tangential relationship wherein the cross-section of the ground electrode is rectangular in shape; FIG. 16 shows a simple straight edge disposed at the center electrode with one edge in tangential Figure 17 illustrates the use of four grounding electrodes 170 that merge to form multiple straight edges positioned adjacent the center electrode. No tangential relationship is shown, although the four edges may be in the zone shown in Figure 26, with the cross-section of each of the four grounding electrodes having a rectangular shape; Figure 18 shows a triangular grounding electrode 180 with three edges and three peaks positioned at center electrodes. Three edges in tangential relationship are shown, wherein the cross-section of each linear segment of the grounding electrode is substantially rectangular, FIG. 19 shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 11, showing a triangular grounding electrode 190 and a triangular center electrode 195. showing three tangential relations 20 shows an embodiment of an open-ended structure comprising a grounding electrode 200 with three curved edges and two peaks located at the center electrode 20. Three "curved" edges with tangential relationships are part of this embodiment Note that the tangential relationship may be 21 shows an open-ended structure comprising a grounding electrode 210 with three straight edges and two vertices positioned at the central e-tangent relationship, or may include a " curved tangential relationship " 22 illustrates an open-end structure similar to that of FIG. 21, except that the center electrode 20 shares the shape of the earth electrode 220 that is in this case Square, while showing three tangential relationships,

-11 • 4 * 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 4 · 44 · 4 4 ·

Fig. 23 shows a "forked" structure in which there are two tangential relationships and one vertex, while the earth electrode 220 and the center electrode 230 are also shown.

Figure 24 shows two grounding electrodes 240, each having a "spike" at the end that serves to surround the protruding portion of the center electrode 20, also showing four direct tangential relationships and two peaks; Figure 25 shows a simple concave curved edge disposed at the center electrode 20 by a ground electrode 250.

26 is a side view showing the different positions 1, 2 and 3 in which the ground electrode 260 may be disposed relative to the center electrode, wherein the positions 1, 3, 3 are within the "zone" This position within the zone provides that each of these positions exposes the lower edge of the grounding electrode to the outer edge of the central electrode, which, in the inventor's view, at the time of filing, may produce a "chimney" effect for the gases being drawn; FIG. 27 shows a cross-sectional front view of FIG. the electrode 20), with the lower edges of the ground electrode 270 positioned above the center electrode tangential to the peripheral projection of the center electrode, FIG. 28 illustrates an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 27, except that the cross-section of ground electrode 280 is aerodynamic in shape less resistance to the front Propagation pl Fig. 29 shows an embodiment similar to that of Fig. 28, except that the grounding electrode has a limited number of edges only per edge supported by the arc, as seen in the electrode structure of Fig. 25. Such a structure may also suit the view of Fig. 15. The cross-section may have any shape that differs from the shape shown that presents an edge (straight or other) as the closest surface to the top edges of the center electrode 20; grounding electrodes 300,301, 302 (four grounding electrodes (not shown) may also be used) that provide several straight edges positioned at the center electrode apex and are inclined at an angle upward and inward. The angle is not as important as the end position of the tips of the elongate elements, FIG. 31 shows a cross-sectional front view of an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 1, but with the cross-section of the ground electrode 310 having a rhombic shape presenting the edges to the top. the circular edge of the central electrode 20.

This construction can improve the flame flow upon ignition of the mixture due to the chamfer above and below the edges of the earth electrode, Fig. 32 shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 1, except that a simple chamfer is performed on the top surface of earth electrode 320. FIG. 33 illustrates an embodiment including a grounding electrode similar to that of FIG. 1, except that a notch has been formed on the central electrode 335 to improve the spark effect; FIG. .34 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1 with ground electrode 340 except that a " tapered " section is formed at the top of center electrode 345 to form a fine wire discharge tip on the center electrode; Figure 35 shows the edge of the ground electrode 350 positioned from above, through one or a few (not shown) that support the "important" edge. The center electrode also has a notch formed at the top, FIG. 36 illustrates an arrangement that includes a " maximized edge-to-edge arrangement " of the two edges defined by the center and ground electrodes 365. 360. Although this arrangement is more expensive to manufacture than other an arrangement, said arrangement representing less shielding of the spark between the edges in the combustion chamber. The small electrode sizes should also serve to reduce blockage of the incoming fuel and the existing flame core, Fig. 37 shows an ignition coil with an earth electrode 370 similar to the electrode in Figs. 1 and 2, except that the center electrode 375 is used. 38 shows a spark plug with a single electrode center electrode 385 and a ground electrode 380 similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 39 is a view of a series of central electrode configurations that may be used with other grounding electrodes. the electrodes disclosed herein, including a chisel tip 395-A, a pyramid tip 395-B. V-groove tip 395-C. nib with point 395-D, polygon nib 395-E. one tip 395-F. tip with multiple edges 395-G. tapered tip 395-H, hollow cylinder 395-1. hollow polygon 395-J and tapered configurations 395-K, Figs. 40A and 40B show a plan view and elevational view of an arrangement that includes a T-shaped center electrode 405 with T-shaped ends defining edges, and a pair of grounding »9 • ···

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The electrodes 400,401 each similar to each define an edge, with the edges of the center electrode positioned at the edges of the grounding electrodes each with respect to each other. Figs. 41A and 41B show a plan view and a front view of an arrangement that includes a center an L-shaped electrode 415 and a grounding electrode 410 with curved tangential edges. The two segments may be used as in Figs. 40A and 40B, or multiple segments may be used with the arrangement of Figs. 40A / 40B, Figs. 42A / 42B illustrate an arrangement comprising a center electrode 425 and a ground electrode 420 arranged to Fig. 43 illustrates an arrangement comprising a central electrode 20 and a ground electrode 430 that provides vertical and horizontal gaps between G1 and G2. Preferably G1 is zero or greater and G2 is zero or value. It is another way of depicting a " zone " concept, FIG. 44 shows a plan view of an exemplary center electrode 20 and two exemplary earth electrodes 440,441, further showing a tangential relationship that is a feature of the present invention. As can be seen, the "tangential relationship" does not only include the "case 1" of the 20,440 element relationship. but also the " case 2 " relationship of the elements 20,241, FIG. 45 shows a plan view of an exemplary center electrode 20 and a two-tooth ground electrode 450 similar to that of FIG. 3 but having shorter teeth that provide a tangential relationship of 453,454. as shown in case 2 of the example of FIG. Also shown is the central peak 455.

Fig. 46 shows a "wide box" configuration similar to that of Fig. 1, except that instead of the four tangential relationships, the four edges of the ground electrode 460 are outside the center electrode protrusion and in the "zone" of Fig. 26. According to the inventor, at the time of filling, this provides additional space in the suction concept shown in FIG. 26, FIG. 47 illustrates a " wide fork " configuration similar to that of FIG. 3, except that instead of two tangential the edges of the grounding electrode are located outside the protrusion of the exemplary center electrode 20 and in the zone of Figure 26. According to the inventor, this at the time of filling provides additional space in the concept of suction shown in FIG.

Tangential relationship

In some cases, it is desirable to have one or more straight edges tangential to the annular top edge of the ground electrode. This relationship will be called the "tangential relationship of the straight edge" because the straight edge defined by φφφ * * φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φφ φφ • φ

The grounding electrode is represented by one or more straight edges, each edge having a tangential relationship to the circumferential projection of the center electrode. -14. Such an arrangement is shown, for example, in Fig. 1,3,4,9, although many others are also shown).

It should be noted that the tangential relationship of the "curved" edge is also contemplated within the scope of the present invention, and is shown, for example, in Figs. 15,23,25.

An important point to note is that the spark connects the center electrode to the nearest ground electrode. The actual positioning of the ground electrode tips can be realized anywhere near the outer periphery (which need not be circular) of the central electrode protrusion, at a selected height at, or above, the center electrode apex.

It will be appreciated that according to certain aspects of the invention, it is contemplated to use some displacement of the tangential relationship as shown in Figures 17 and 26.

Straightness of edges

As mentioned, it is desirable in some cases for the straight edges to be tangential to the curved upper edge of the earth electrode. It will be appreciated that certain aspects of the invention contemplate, in such tangential relationships, the use of curved edges.

Zone concept

To illustrate the zone concept, reference may be made to Fig. 26, where any of the positions shown exposes the ground electrode edge toward the outer edge of the center electrode (the upper peripheral edge, which may be circular in shape).

There is another related concept of the invention in which the edges are positioned (or exposed) together and not necessarily tangential, but are so close to each other that their edges are the closest parts of both electrodes, or at least as close to each other as any other two parts electrodes in the area of the spark. At the time of suction (filling), it is believed that the "shielding" of the upper portion of the center electrode, by placing the earth electrode outside the perimeter, is an advanced concept, and stands above and outside the tangential and / or peak concept. Placing the bottom of the " active edge " of the grounding electrode at / above the center electrode allows the fuel mixture to enter the sparking area much more easily.

Peaks • fcfc · fc · fc fc fcfc fc • fc fcfc fc «

-15 • fcfcfc fcfc fcfc fcfcfcfcfcfc

The inventor believes that at the time of suction, the tangential relationship and peaks that occur in some embodiments of the invention (for example, shown in Figs. 1,3,4,5,6 and others) provide some improvement over the prior art. Some such peaks provide a vertical "opening" or "chimney effect" providing improved flame propagation properties. The inventor believes that at the time of intake, such "zone" relationship and peaks that provide some embodiments of the invention provide some improvements over the prior art.

Procedures used

Simple shapes of the grounding electrodes described in this application can be created by secondary and subsequent operations on a standard electrode powered by a cable that is currently in use in the industry. Different types of mandrels and punches can be used to form different segments of each electrode. Alternatively, the electrode can be made by molding, allowing specific configurations to be made. The pressed electrode is then welded to the base of the ignition coil. Instead of pressing, the shape of the electrode can be formed by laser cutting, water jet cutting, chemical etching, forging, casting, metal powder molding, etc. Each electrode produced by the methods is ultimately welded to the base of the ignition coil at a designated location.

9 and 10, these electrodes can be formed by a small change in the lead wire arrangement. Offset relative to the center electrode can be generated by adjusting the base wire shifting device or by using a secondary operation that creates a specific connection of the conventional side wire.

Various notes

For example, in Figure 1, the thickness of the grounding electrode including the end portions (including their segments) has a value as known in the art, or about 1.27 mm, and may also be 1.02 mm-1.65 mm, but equally 0.25 mm 0.38 mm and other values, without prejudice to the spirit of the invention. The width of the shaft may be 1.9 mm-0.32 mm as well as 0.25 mm-0.38 mm, without prejudice to the essence of the present invention.

The inventor believes that the spike width at the fork is not a critical value, but the sharpness of the edges is important. In the preferred embodiment, the tip width is 1.27 mm and the thickness is 1.27 mm, but both dimensions may be from 0.25 mm to 0.38 mm, but other dimensions may be present without touched upon the essence of the present invention;

4 *

-16 «

4 «·

It should be appreciated that it cannot be believed that a grounding electrode could have a square or rectangular shape if it had a sharp corner, which represents a lower corner edge oriented towards the center electrode (see Figs. 14 or 16).

The diameter of the center electrode may be 0.25 mm-0.38 mm. The thickness of the electrode shaft may be 0.10 mm -1.65 mm, but also 0.25 mm 0.38 mm and other dimensions without prejudice to the spirit of the invention.

The materials used are known in the art, including hitherto used quality materials (e.g. platinum).

Comparison with the prior art

Unlike U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,651, in this invention, a spark discharge electrode surface is shaped into an open concave curve, a straight line, or even a convex curve, to "clear" the path for the flame core to Spark generation areas to expand. This is done at the microscopic level so that any indication of the concentric radius of the surface hit by the spark discharge has a negative effect on the growth of the flame core. This discovery of the extreme sensitivity of the combustion and combustion process to the radius of said surface is one important part of one of our inventions.

The inventor believes that the design of the concentric ring, regardless of the minimum length of the concentric curved portions, does not perform better in practice than a conventional ignition coil design. This is a substantial difference between the invention of Mr. P. Cyrilek and the invention described in patent # 5,051,561. The latter patent relies on a "hollow cylindrical grounding electrode, in which the combusted gas can be dissipated from." (Para.2, line 59)

The distance of the ground electrode from the center electrode of # 5,051,561 is given by the gap. Tangential relations are useful in the invention of the pyrotheque due to the open nature of the surface hit by the spark discharge. Any concentric radius of said surface in tangential relation would severely limit the development of the flame core.

Patent # 5,051,651 discloses two mounting shafts that provide some shielding effect to the flame core, in particular by comparison, and one shank in the invention of Mr. P. Cyril.

Conclusion

While the description of the invention has been described in detail in the above embodiments, it is understood that many variations and modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as described in the appended claims,

Claims (18)

PATENT CLAIMS (Claims Fixed) 1. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: an upwardly facing central electrode with a cross-sectional and height-like protrusion, a grounding electrode defining an elongated edge that is longer than the major dimension of the central electrode, wherein said elongated edge is tangential to the cross-section of the upwardly facing central electrode protrusion; a portion at the uppermost portion, or higher than the uppermost portion of said center electrode. 2. The spark plug of claim 1 wherein said edge is a substantially straight edge. 3. The spark plug of claim 1 wherein said edge lies along a curved path with a larger radius than said center electrode, wherein the center of the radius does not coincide with the center of said center electrode. 4. A spark plug providing a spark in an ignition region, said coil in an upright position comprising: an upwardly directed central electrode defining an edge of the center electrode, a grounding electrode defining an elongated edge of the ground electrode that is longer than a major dimension of the central electrode, wherein said elongated edge of the ground electrode is separated from the edge of said central electrode; the edge of the center electrode, the edge of the center electrode being oriented towards the elongated edge of the ground electrode, such that both are located between the closest portions of their respective electrodes within the ignition region. 5. A spark plug providing a spark in an ignition region, said coil in an upright position comprising: fc fcfc fc • fc fcfc an upwardly centered electrode defining an edge of the center electrode, a grounding electrode defining an elongated edge of the ground electrode, wherein said elongated edge of the ground electrode is separated from the edge of said center electrode, wherein the elongated edge of the ground electrode is at or above wherein the elongated edge of the ground coil is located at or outside the edges of the center electrode, wherein the elongated edge of the center and ground electrodes comprises non-concentric portions, such that the center electrode edge and the elongated edge of the ground electrode are facing each other of both respective electrodes within the ignition region. 6. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: an upwardly directed central electrode with cross-section and height, a grounding electrode defining an elongated edge that is longer than the major dimension of the central electrode, wherein said edge is outside the projection and has the lowest portion at the highest portion of said central electrode or above. 7. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: an upwardly directed central electrode of circular cross-section and diameter, a grounding electrode defining an elongated edge that is at least as long as the value of said diameter and located above and outside said protrusion has the lowest portion at the highest portion of said center electrode or above. 8. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in the upright position, includes: an upwardly directed central electrode with a circular cross-section, a grounding electrode defining two elongated edges tangentially relative to said protrusion cross-section of the upwardly directed central electrode, wherein said edges form one intermediate vertex apart from said protrusion * 4 4 4 4 4 · · 4 ** · * · * '* 9. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: an upwardly directed central electrode with a circular cross-section, a box-shaped ground electrode comprising an end portion divided into two prongs, each prong comprising a first length portion and a second length portion, the first length portions being divergent with each other; each length has a free end, wherein the two spikes are joined to provide four tangential relationships to the cross-section, and also provide three intermediate peaks. 10. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: an upwardly directed central electrode defining an elongated end, a grounding electrode defining an edge, wherein said central electrode edge and the ground electrode edge are in a non-concentric relationship, both edges oriented toward each other, allowing a spark to occur therebetween. 11. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: a central electrode having a circuit defining a generally circular contour, a ground electrode having a main body extending above the central electrode and splitting into two prongs, said prongs forming an incomplete box shape, said box shape comprising four sections oriented tangentially to the circular outline of the ground electrode. 12. The spark plug of claim 11, wherein the spark plug comprises an apex located outside the circumference. 13. The spark plug of claim 12, wherein said apex is located at a divergence point of said two prongs. 14. The spark plug of claim 13, wherein the first section is parallel to the second portion. • -2ο- ·· • ·· · · · fc fc fcfcfc · ·· ♦ * ·· ·· 15. The spark plug of claim 14 wherein said second section is parallel to the fourth section. 16. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: a center electrode, a grounding electrode extending above the center electrode, defining at least three tangential relationships. 17. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and which, in an upright position, includes: a center electrode, a grounding electrode extending above the center electrode, defining at least four tangential relationships. A spark plug providing a spark in the ignition region and comprising in an upright position. a center electrode, a grounding electrode extending above the center electrode, defining at least five tangential relationships.