DD237779A1 - MEANS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVE USE OF WATER USES OF AGRICULTURAL CULTURAL PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to means for increasing the yield-effective water utilization of crops, in particular cereals. The object of the invention is the development of agents that are inexpensive to produce and toxicologically, occupationally hygienic and harmless in terms of environmental protection. The agents according to the invention contain, in addition to customary excipients and carriers, as active ingredient a mixture of long-chain carboxylic acids with a chain length in the range from about C22 to C34. The mixture of long-chain carboxylic acids can be used in the form of montan acids or crude or refined montan waxes.

Description

embodiments example 1 Influence of the agent according to the invention on the utilization of water and biological production of spring barley

abiotic stress The influence of the carboxylic acid mixture according to the invention on the water utilization and biological substance production was determined in a vessel experiment. Plant cultivation (up to FEEKES stage 6) was carried out on quartz sand (6.5 kg quartz sand / vessel). In each Mitscherlich vessel are 25 plants at the following fertilization / vessel: 0.63 g N; 0.49g P; 0.62g K; 0.58g Ca; 0.26 g of Mg; 0.12 ml of FeCl ₃ as a 10% solution; 0.12 ml of AZ (a) solution according to HOAGLAND (1:20) diluted, cultured. The water consumed in vascular cultures (current evapotranspiration) has been replaced by daily repeated weighing. The transpiration quantum per mitscherlich vessel was calculated by subtracting the Evapotranspirationsanteils from water consumption / vessel. The utilization of the appropriated water in biological material production (WUE) was calculated as follows:

produced dry biomass (g total biomass)

Transpiration Quantum (kg in growing season) The test results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1:

Influence of the agent according to the invention on the water utilization (WUE), biological material production (P) and the root growth of spring barley with abiotic load

variant Dose ¹¹ 15 WUE p ²¹ G Root-TM 1500 G vessel G vessel kg H ₂ O 12.92 vessel without preparation - 6.65 11.47 3.47 Carboxylic acid mixture 0.15 ' 6.10 16.33 * 3.26 Carboxylic acid mixture 1.5 8.24 * 13.94 3.79 Carboxylic acid mixture 7.09 12.42 3.52 Carboxylic acid mixture - 6,24 3.68

¹¹ Spray application ²¹ P = total dry matter Exposure conditions: 8 days in dry conditions (30% nWK), remaining vegetation wet (60% nWK)

* = significant difference to the variant without preparation at 2 α = 0.05

From the results of Table 1 it can be seen that under stress conditions the fatty acid mixture (at 1.5 μg / vessel, composition of the mixture according to Example 4) increased the WUE by 23.9% and the biomass production by 26.4%. Improved water utilization is associated with 9.2% increased root growth.

Example 2 Influence of the agent according to the invention on the water utilization (WUE) of spring barley without stress

The experimental procedure corresponded to the information in Example 1. According to Table 2, the agent according to the invention exerted no adverse effect on the water utilization in the absence of loading conditions.

Table 2:

Influence of the agent according to the invention on the water utilization of spring barley without environmental pollution

variant Dose μ9 WAY g P g Root TM g vessel kg H ₂ O vessel vessel without preparation Carboxylic acid mixture Carboxylic acid mixture Carboxylic acid mixture 0.38 0.75 1.5 7.9 7.8 8.1 8.0 9.08 8,18 8,10 8,02 2.67 2.29 2.19 2.33

Example 3

The carboxylic acid mixture used as active ingredient in Examples 1 and 2 was prepared as follows:

A raw montan wax of a central German lignite mining area, variety "Romonta", was oxidized after acidification in a technically known manner by means of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid to acid wax (montan acids).

Composition of the carboxylic acid mixture of montan acids:

Number of carbon atoms carboxylic acid Salary in% by weight 22 0.5 24 4.5 25 0.9 26 13.0 27 2.7 28 22.8 29 4.8 ._; - 30 29.3 31 3.6 32 13.1 33 1.0 34 3.8

Claims (3)

Invention claim: 1. A means for increasing the yield of water crop yield useful agricultural crops, characterized in that they contain in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient a mixture of long chain carboxylic acids having a chain length in the range of about C ₂₂ to C ₃₄ , wherein the even-numbered carboxylic acids having a chain length in Range of C ₂ 6 to C32 are the main constituents of the carboxylic acid mixture. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of long-chain fatty acids in the form of montan acids is used. _t 3. Composition according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that crude or refined montan waxes are used. Field of application of the invention The invention relates to agents that are used in agricultural crops to improve the utilization of water in the process of biological production. Characteristic of the known technical solutions The current state of the technical solutions is mainly characterized in that with the help of transpiration-lowering agents improved water utilization should be achieved. For this purpose, agents are used which either lead to a drastic reduction in the stoma aperture of the leaves or allow the formation of molecular films with low water vapor permeability. The stomatase-containing chemicals include, among others, phenylmercuric acetate, aliphatic epoxy, hydroxy and ketomonocarboxylic acids (DD-PS 96002, DD-PS 75420, DE-OS 1767829), decenylsuccinic acid and some arylsulfonates. Water-vapor-permeable films form, for example, alcohols having a chain length of Cn to C22 in admixture with ethylene oxide and oleic acid and organosilicon compounds (US Pat. No. 2,333,887, US Pat. No. 2,923,095), paraffin waxes (DE-OS No. 1,771,700) and wax / oil mixtures Base of petroleum (DE-OS 1767427), wherein the latter substances are also intended to stimulate plant growth. However, the stimulation of plant growth by emulsions based on paraffin waxes and petroleum hydrocarbons requires strict adherence to dosages which are close to the limits of inhibiting growth and the occurrence of plant damage, so that there are considerable risks in their use. The disadvantage of the drastically antiperspirant synthotic agents is that photosynthesis and biological production are inhibited parallel to transpiration. Under climatic conditions with only temporary moderate drought, the effects of photosynthesis due to effector effects often lead to yield depressions in plant production. In addition, the production of most synthetic drugs is expensive, or there are toxicological, occupational hygiene or environmental reasons use concerns. The effect of ethanolamine has particular environmental and genotype dependencies. Object of the invention The aim of the invention is to develop means for increasing the utilization of water in the process of biological material production in particular with limited supply of water for agriculturally important crops that are inexpensive to produce, toxicological, occupational hygiene and environmentally safe. Explanation of the essence of the invention The invention is based on the object. To develop means of increasing water utilization in the pulping process of crops whose use does not inhibit biological production of matter and which have a high biodegradability, especially in the soil. In addition, at low dose high biological activity is sought. According to the invention, such agents contain, in addition to customary auxiliaries and excipients as the active ingredient, a mixture of long-chain carboxylic acids having a chain length in the range of about C ₂₂ to C ₃₄ , wherein the even-numbered carboxylic acids having a chain length in the range C ₂₆ to C _{32 are} the main constituents of the carboxylic acid mixture. The carboxylic acid mixture is preferably used in the form of montan acids. The montan acids are an essential component of the crude montan wax, which is obtained in large quantities when extracting the brown coal with organic solvents. The montan acids, which are partially esterified in the raw montan wax with long-chain aliphatic alcohols, can be obtained from the raw montan wax or its refining products by known methods. For example, the technically produced montan acids, which are obtained in industrial Entharzung and oxidative purification of the crude montan wax with cleavage of the ester group, an acid wax, which consists predominantly of the long-chain carboxylic acids according to the invention. However, the crude products for the carboxylic acids according to the invention, the crude or refined montan waxes, can also be used directly, in which case the optimum application rate of the composition according to the invention must be adapted to the composition of the crude product. The agent according to the invention can be used for the rational utilization of the water in the material formation process of the crop plants, in particular cereals. The active ingredients are available as by-products of the lignite industry at low cost. They are at the low dosages shown in the embodiments toxicological, industrial hygiene Antaiin I ^ ΐ ι- * γ »ι / -» 1-ι + |; ^ \ 1-ϊ r4 r \ c · II e