DD287191A5 - MEANS OF INCREASING THE STRESSTOLERANCE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF WATER IN AGRICULTURAL CULTURAL PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to novel means for increasing the stress tolerance and the yield-effective use of water in agricultural crops, in particular cereals. According to the invention, in addition to the usual excipients and carriers the active ingredient is a fatty acid mixture of microbial origin in which the chain length of the fatty acids comprises a range of 12 to 18 carbon atoms and the proportion of saturated fatty acids 98% and branched-chain iso and anteiso fatty acids 50% . is {Stresztoleranz; crops; Grain; Fettsaeuregemische; Water use; agents; saturated fatty acids; branched chain fatty acids}

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to agents that are used in crops to increase the utilization of yield-limiting water supply.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions The current beach of technical solutions is characterized mainly by the fact that with the help of

transpiration-reducing agents an improved water utilization is to be achieved. For this purpose means are used, which lead either to a drastic reduction of the stoma aperture of the sheets or the training of

Allow molecular films with low water vapor permeability. To dan stomataschließenden chemicals include

et al Phenylmercuric acetate, aliphatic epoxy-, hydroxy- and ketone-monocarboxylic acids (DD-PS 96002, DD-PS 75420, DE-

OS 1767829), decenylsuccinic acid and some arylsulfonates. Water-vapor-permeable films form, for example, alcohols having a chain length of Cn to C ₂ 2 in a mixture with Ethylene oxide and oleic acid and organo-silioium compounds (US Pat. No. 2,333,887, US Pat. No. 2,921,095) and paraffin waxes (DE

OS 1767100).

The disadvantage of the drastically antiperspirant synthetic agents is that parallel to transpiration the Photosynthesis and biological production are inhibited. Under climatic conditions with only temporary moderate Dryness often leads to yield depressions in crop production due to the effects of photosynthesis due to the effects of effector. In addition, the production of most synthetic drugs is expensive, or toxicological,

occupational hygiene or ecological reasons

Furthermore, microbially produced products are used to the yield of crops even at times unfavorable

climatic condition Jn to stabilize. So Biolipidextrakt from the microbial production of feed protein is used (DD-PS 253729).

Since biolipid extract contains 40 to 50% of a petroleum distillate fraction in addition to yeast lipids, use at rates up to

10 wt .-% in the aqueous SpriUbrühen (200 to 400 l / ha) from an ecological point of view adversely.

The use of microbially obtained fatty acid mixtures in the chain length range of Ci? to C, ₈ with a share Ci; _: i-fatty acids from 25 to 35% and to C | _7- fatty acids in total from 30 to 45% (DD-PS 226472) or fatty acid mixtures with

a proportion of C _{) 8} - to ^ fatty acids> 70% and a mandatory proportion of C22: i fatty acids, preferably> 45% (DD-PS 226471) has the disadvantage that at the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids changes

Autoxidation processes can take place. The proposed to increase the yield of water use also Fatty acid mixtures in the chain length range C ₂₂ to C ₁₄ (DD-PS 237779) as well as hopanoids, especially Hop-22 (29) -en (DD- PS 258171) have the disadvantage that they are difficult to formulate due to their pronounced lipophilic character. Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to develop means for increasing the utilization of water in the process of biological material production with limited supply of water for agriculturally important crops that are inexpensive to produce, toxicological, occupational hygiene and environmentally safe and easy to formulate.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop means for increasing the utilization of water in the material formation process of crops, the application of which does not lead to the inhibition of biological production and already unfolds at low dose high biological activity in both root and shoot growth.

According to the invention, such agents contain, in addition to customary auxiliaries and excipients, as active ingredient a fatty acid mixture of microbial origin in which the chain length of the fatty acids comprises a range of 12 to 18 carbon atoms, the proportion of saturated fatty acids> 98% and branched-chain iso and ante- Fatty acids> 50%.

The fatty acid mixtures can be made more thermophilic, acidophilic or biomass by known methods

alkalophilic bacterial strains are obtained. The fatty acid mixtures may also be in the form of fatty acid-containing or with

Fatty acid-enriched fractions are used. The compositions according to the invention are primarily for crop stabilization, promotion of young plant growth and for Effectuation of the water balance of crops, especially of cereals, can be used. The microwave fatty acids show high activity even at very low dose. They are facing air and Insensitive to light, so that when stored or in the agrochemical process, the biological activity

remains unchanged. With known Formierungsrnitteln the fatty acid mixtures are easily used, i.a.

they can also be used in the form of their salts.

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention. embodiment Example 1: Influence of fatty acid mixtures of microbial origin on the water utilization of spring barley (variety Salome) under stress

The influence of fatty acid mixtures of microbial origin on water utilization was determined in a vial experiment. The Pflenzenanzucht (to FEEKES stage 2) was carried out on Quarzsant (6.5 kg quartz sand / vessel). In each Mitscherlich vessel 25 plants were cultivated at the following fertilization / vessel: 0.63 g N; 0.49g P; 0.62g K; 0.58 g Ca, 0.26 g Mg; 0.12 ml of FeCl ₃ as a 10% solution; 0.12 ml AZ (a) solution according to HOAGLAND (diluted 1:20).

Table 1: Influence of FS fractions of TP32 and SAL on root, shoot solids and water extraction of

Spring barley in a vascular test under stress (variety "Salome"; drug application to DC10 / 11, eml / vessel harvest to DC14 / 15; η = 4)

variant parameter Concentrate '' η 1 Root-TM Shoot-TM water use 3.98 ppm 10 mg rel. mg rel. Total TM = 100 100 mg TM / g H ₂ O 84.3 * 1 rel. 107.9 Control. + - _ 100 306 592 109.1 * _ = 100 " = 100 101.2 control + + - 116.7 ⁺ 133.4 * 105.3 TP32 + - 128.9 ⁺ 132.2 ⁺ 110.0 TP32 110.4 106.2 TP32 + - 102.9 94.7 SAL 129.9 119.4 * SAL + - 119.2 * 100

Note: + - soil moisture 65% nF \ bte DC10 / 11, then 35% nFÄb! S to harvest ++ constant soil moisture of 65% nFÄ

 1) + Significance when testing variant versus control at α = 0.05.

The water consumed in the vessel cultures (current evapotranspiration) was replaced by daily repeated weighing. The transpiration quantum per mitscherlich vessel was calculated by subtracting the Evapotranspirationsanteils from water consumption / vessel

 The utilization of the appropriated water in biological material production (WUE) was calculated as follows:

_w .,. _ produced biomass dry matter / g total biomass transpiration quantum / kg in growing season

Table 1 shows that even at low loading concentration of the microwave fatty acid mixtures under stress (+ -) a better root wax or improved water utilization than in the non-stressed control variant (++) was achieved.

Example 2 Production of the Microwave Fatty Acid Mixture The fatty acid mixtures used as active ingredients in Example 1 were prepared as follows: The spray-dried or freeze-dried biomasses of Bacillus stearothermophilus spec., And of a thermophilic Bacterlenmischpopulation bred on sulfite waste liquor (SAL) are mixed with organic solvents or Extracted solvent mixtures. From the extracts, the fatty acids after alkaline hydrolysis in a known manner

won. The fatty acid mixtures had the composition listed in Table 2.

Table 2: Composition of fatty acid mixtures of microbial origin

fatty acids TP32 SAL i C14: 0 (12-CH ₃₎ 1.4 0.6 ai C 14: 0 (12-CH ₃ 2.0 - C14: 0 1.1 1.3 i C 15: 0 (13-CH ₃ 9.1 3.9 ai C 15: 0 (13-CH ₃ ) - - C15: 0 3.4 2.3 i C 16: 0 (14-CH ₃ ) 41.6 32.5 C16: 0 14.7 31.3 i C 17: 0 (15-CH ₃ ) 10.5 7.0 ai C 17: 0 (15-CH ₃ ) 4.2 7.5 C17: 0 3.4 2.7 i C18: 0 (16-CH ₃₎ 2.2 2.3 ai C 18: 0 (16-CH ₃ ) - - C 18: 0 1.3 2.4 saturated 100 100 branched 71 54

Claims (3)

1. A means for increasing the stress tolerance and the yield-effective Wesserausnutzung in agricultural crops, characterized in that they contain, in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient a fatty acid mixture of microbial origin, wherein the chain length of the fatty acids comprises a range of 12 to 18 carbon atoms and the Proportion of saturated fatty acids> 98% and branched-chain iso and anteiso fatty acids> 50%. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acid mixture is used in the form of alkali soaps. 3. Composition according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that fatty acid-containing lipid extracts come to the application.