DD298196A5 - MEDIUM FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL AND USE PLANTS AGAINST VIRUSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agents for the protection of crops and crops against viruses. According to the invention they contain as active ingredient one or more compounds from the structural class of the diphenyls of the general formula. Formula {means for protecting crops and crops against viruses; Tobacco mosaic virus; Barley stripe mosaic virus; diphenyl derivatives}

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to agents for increasing the resistance of crops and crops to viruses.

The funds are found in the laboratory and greenhouse area as well as in Fold - under practical growing conditions - application against various infectious diseases, such as

in the case of the bean (Phaseolus vulgarls L.)

against the common bean mosaic virus (Bean mosaic virus) against the bean yellow mosaic virus (bean yellow mosaic virus)

- for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

against barley stripe mosaic virus against barley yellow dwarf virus

- with the cucumber (Cucumissativus L)

against the Gur! cucumber grenn mottle mosaic virus against the cucumber mosaic virus

- in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

against the potato virus X (potato virus X) against the potato virus Y (potato virus Y)

- turnip (Beta vulgarls L.)

against the Virösa root beardness (beet necrotic yellow vein virus) against the mild beet yellowing virus (beet mild yellowing virus)

- with tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L)

against the tobacco morocco virus (Tobacco mosaic virus) against the tobacco necrosis virus (Tabasco necrosis virus)

Characteristic of the known state of the art Direct pest control

The development of virucidal agents for direct control of the virus has, to date, provided insignificant results compared to the product range of fungicides or insecticides (RF WHITHE and JF ANTONIW: Direct Control of Virus Diseases, Crop Protection 2 (1983), 259-271). The main reason lies in the fact that, unlike that of fungi or bacteria, the metabolic rate of viruses does not occur autonomously, but is inseparably linked to the metabolism of the plant Chemotherapeutic interventions in the virus metabolism therefore always influence the metabolism of the host Means of the class of base analogues, ribavirin (synonym: virazol, G. SCHUSTER: Effect of virazole on the multiplication of systemic viruses in N. tabacum ,, Samsun. "Report of the Institute of Tobacco Research, Dresden 23 [1976], 21 to 36 ) and dioxohexahydrotriazine (abbreviation: DHT; G. SCHUSTER et al.: Antiphytoviral activity of 2,4-dioxohexahydrotriazines. Acta Virologica 23 [1979], 412-420) have not yet reached the experimental stage beyond the experimental stage.

The methods used in practical plant protection for direct pest control are, as already stated, in ecological, toxicological, z.T. also in economic terms not always problem-free, also difficult is the increasing selection of strains that have become resistant to pesticides. In addition, these methods can not control all major infectious diseases. Alternatives provide the methods for increasing the resistance of the plants. These methods mainly include the breeding resistant varieties. The

Use of such varieties is burdened with the problem of resistance overcome by virulent pathotypes whose selection may be favored under modern growing conditions.

Increasing the resistance of the plants

Increasing the resistance of plants is a crucial alternative to direct control of pathogens. In this case, one uses the genetically fixed defense potential of the plants, which is either constantly effective (and manifests itself as a specific degree of resistance that can be influenced by the breed) or requires activation (resistance induction).

2.1. Breeding resistant varieties

The great successes of resistance breeding are also accompanied by an increasing selection of virulent strains of virus that can break through the resistance of new plant forms and suddenly make species known so far susceptible. Furthermore, in some areas of plant breeding, it is becoming increasingly difficult to combine the demands for high yields and good quality in breeding with high resistance properties at the same time.

2.2. Activation of plant's own defense mechanisms

The exploitation of the inherent possibilities of this principle represents a great potential in the fight against viruses

Today's plant protection therefore needs to develop practicable methods of using this principle.

At present, there are essentially two methods that are based on the activation of natural defense systems against plant Viruses are based on virus interference (premunity, cross protection) and the acquired or induced resistance. Virus interference is a phenomenon in which the systemic spread of a weak strain of virus in the plant is her

gives increased resistance to a strong strain of the same virus. Although in practice in

Field crops or used on plants under glass and plastics, the pre-ununification remains because of the biological Instability of the plant and virus material an extremely critical process. Induced resistance is defined as the "deliberately alterable disease disposition of the plants in the direction of a plant

increased resistance (= resistance) "(W. BEICHT: How to" immunize "plants?

Rundschau 37 [1984], 309 to 312). Its essence is the activation of genetically preformed resistance mechanisms; the

In contrast to classical chemotherapy, applied agents do not work against the virus itself, but rather put it into action

Reactions that interfere with the process of virus injection or spread are inhibiting. Currently the most advanced is the induction of resistance by application of plant extracts (H.N. VERMA et al. M.M.A.A. KHAN: Management of plant virus diseases by Pseudoranthemum bicolor leaf extract. Journal for Plant diseases and crop protection 91 [1984], 266 to 272). However, the need to produce extracts places significant limits on spreading to large areas. There

the heretofore known active components being characterized as high molecular weight substances with polysaccharide or polypeptide nano, synthetic access is currently not possible.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention are novel means of protection against pathogenic viruses in crops and useful plants, which is to be effectively countered the development or spread of pests - the spread of virus-related plant diseases in agricultural and horticultural crops.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

It was therefore the task, by physiologically harmless usable, synthetically produced chemical means for resistance activation effective control of viral infectious diseases in crops and crops to allow with ecological benefits and high benefits in increasing and stabilizing yields - without genetic intervention and without the Use of toxic pesticides.

This object is achieved in that the means for protecting crops and crops against viruses in addition to conventional auxiliaries and additives by containing one or more compounds of the general formula

CD

in which R ₍ to R ₄ different or in pairs R ₁ + R ₃ and R ₂ + R ₄ are each the same and where R i, R _{3 is} for

Cl, -OH, -NH ₂

aliphatic primary or secondary amines having preferably one to four carbon atoms, which may furthermore carry oxy, oxyalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl radicals;

- Eliphatl alcohols with preferably one to four carbon * .. Mnen

- cycloaliphatic amines

^ CH ₂ -CH.

- heterocycles, such as - N · .. ^ O

CH ₂ -CH ₂

optionally also substituted aromatic amines or phenols, in particular of the compound strain benzene or naphthalene, whose substituents are, for example, -Cl, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , OCH ₃ , and

R ₂ , R ₄ for

- A substituted aromatic amine of the general formula

3 ^X

X = Na, K, NH ₄ or aliphatic amine and

Z = -H, -Colder-SO ₃ Xbedouten;

a compound of the general formula

wherein X and Z have the meaning given above;

- An optionally substituted aromatic amine of the basic structure

in the Z has the meaning given above and is either in the ring A and B in pairs or isolated such that at Z im

Z in the ring B = H and vice versa and

C, D for

- SO ₃ Na or H, wherein instead of the two substituents D, the two phenyl rings can also be connected by an SO ₂ group.

The ready-to-use agents contain one or more biologically active compounds of the abovementioned type together with carriers and / or surface-active substances.

The present invention overcomes the stated shortcomings of the hitherto known technical solutions. The agents according to the invention, when applied, provide resistance to viral pathogens by activating plant-specific defense systems (indirect pest control); they are physiologically harmless in all application variations. Phytotoxic effects have not been detected in any case. Special examinations also showed no toxic effects in humans and animals.

Plants are known to have a natural resistance potency, which is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and can be activated by non-genetic type interventions.

The active compounds of the presented agents are readily accessible by chemical synthesis. The industrial production of the funds is very economical, just as much as in the agricultural and horticultural practice their application (application rate) is extremely economical.

Compared to the conventional methods for pest control, there are no toxicological and ecological problems when using the means; the economy in production and application of the compositions according to the invention is highly favorable compared to, for example, conventional pesticides.

embodiments

The examples are intended to explain the effect of the agents according to the invention in more detail. Active substances of the following structure were included in the test against viruses:

NH

N / A

CH ₂ CH ₂ OH

π?

The respective substituents C and D of the diphenyl structure and the corresponding active ingredient number are summarized in the following table; The numbers of active ingredients named in Examples 1 to 3 refer to this information.

Substituents in the diphenyl structure

Active ingredient no.

SQjNa SO ₃ Na

-Q-NH ₅

SO ₃ Na SO ₃ Na

H ₂ N

NH,

example 1

Reinforcement of the defense reaction against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun) by the

agents according to the invention

The tobacco plants are dripped wet in the 5 ... 6-leaf stage 48h and 24h before viral inoculation with a 0.05% aqueous solution of the active compound with the addition of 0.01% of a surfactant (Tween 20: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) sprayed. The infection is carried out by manually rubbing a diluted aqueous suspension of the purified virus (TMV) after previous carborundum pollination of the leaves. The virus spreads systemically in the plants. 14 days after the inoculation is harvested. The virus concentration in the pressed juices obtained from the leaves by means of a roller press is determined by means of a simplified spectrophotometric determination method and compared with the virus concentration in the pressed juice from untreated leaves.

Active ingredient no.

Virus concentration (%)

78.0 70.2 77.6 54.9

It turns out that the virus concentration is reduced by the treatment with the inventive compositions to about 55% to 80% compared to the untreated control.

Example 2

Reinforcement of the defense reaction against the tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum var.Samsun NN or Xanthi-nc by means of the invention. (The active ingredient numbers correspond to the information from Example 1.) The tobacco plants are in the 8-leaf stage 48h and 24h before virus inoculation with a 0.05% aqueous solution of the active compounds with the addition of 0.01% of a surfactant (Tween 20: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) sprayed dripping wet The infection is carried out by manually rubbing a dilute aqueous suspension of the purified virus (TMV The virus is localized at the site of its entry into the leaf where it forms visible lesions, the number of which is determined to be 4 to 6 Ti, depending on the inoculation, and its decrease compared with the untreated one Control is a measure of the antiviral effect.

Active substance number of lesions (%)

No.

1 61.9

2 76,8

3 39.4

4 68.5

The number of lesions is reduced by the treatment with the agents according to the invention to about 40 to 75% compared to the untreated control.

Example 3

Enhancement of the defense reaction against the barley stripe mosaic virus in barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) by application of the agents according to the invention. The active ingredient numbers are as described in Example The barley plants are in the 3-leaf stage 48h and 214 h before virus inoculation with a 0.05% aqueous solution of the active compound with the addition of 0.01% of a surfactant (Tween 20: polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) dripping wet sprayed. After application, the plants are rinsed thoroughly with tap water. Infection is by manual rubbing with a diluted extract of infected plants after previous carborundum pollination. The virus spreads systemically to the plants. 14 days after the inoculation is harvested. The virus concentration in the buffer extracts obtained from the leaves is determined by a spectrophotometric or serological method and compared with the virus concentration in the buffer extract from untreated leaves.

Active substance virus concentration (%)

No.

1 67,1

2 70.5

3 48.9

4 56.7

The treatment with the agents according to the invention leads to a lowering of the virus concentration to 50 to 70% compared to the untreated control.

Claims (1)

Claim: Agent for the protection of crops and crops against viruses, characterized in that it is in addition to customary auxiliaries and additives by a content of one or more compounds of the general formula C D D C in which R ₁ to R _{4 are} different or in pairs Ri + R ₃ and R ₂ + R _{4 are} each the same and Ri, R ₃ for Cl, -OH, -NH ₂ aliphatic primary or secondary amines having preferably one to four carbon atoms, which may furthermore carry oxy, oxyalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl radicals; - Aliphatic alcohols having preferably one to four carbon atoms - cycloaliphatic amines - ι ισισιυογκισιι, wiotuiii υοιαμισι - in - Where appropriate, substituted aromatic amines or phenols, in particular of the compound strain benzene or naphthalene, their substituents, for. B. -Cl, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -OCH ₃ are, and R ₂ , R ₄ for - A substituted aromatic amine of the general formula - NH, wherein X = Na, K, NH ₄ or aliphatic amine and Z = -Hj-CI ₁ OdGr-SO ₃ X; a compound of the general formula where X and Z are as defined above; an optionally substituted aromatic amine of the basic structure in which Z has the abovementioned meaning and is either in the ring A and B in pairs or isolated such that at Z in the ring A Z in the ring B = H and vice versa and C and D for - SOaNa or H, wherein instead of the two substituents D, the two phenylene rings can also be connected by an SO ₂ group.