DE10351004A1 - Nanopartikuläre Wirkstoffformulierungen - Google Patents
Nanopartikuläre Wirkstoffformulierungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10351004A1 DE10351004A1 DE10351004A DE10351004A DE10351004A1 DE 10351004 A1 DE10351004 A1 DE 10351004A1 DE 10351004 A DE10351004 A DE 10351004A DE 10351004 A DE10351004 A DE 10351004A DE 10351004 A1 DE10351004 A1 DE 10351004A1
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- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- active ingredient
- formulation according
- acid
- methyl
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 title description 3
- -1 acrylate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 198
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004171 alkoxy aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000005160 aryl oxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000278 alkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000005128 aryl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013583 drug formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 15
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005869 Pyraclostrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical group COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182692 Strobilurin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical group NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- BHKKSKOHRFHHIN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 1-[[2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-4-chlorophenyl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound N[C@H](C)C1=C(CN2C(NC(C3=C2C=CN3)=O)=S)C=CC(=C1)Cl BHKKSKOHRFHHIN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RONFGUROBZGJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminoctadine Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCN=C(N)N RONFGUROBZGJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YPHMISFOHDHNIV-FSZOTQKASA-N cycloheximide Chemical compound C1[C@@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)CC1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1 YPHMISFOHDHNIV-FSZOTQKASA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dazomet Chemical compound CN1CSC(=S)N(C)C1 QAYICIQNSGETAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005644 Dazomet Substances 0.000 description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RYAUSSKQMZRMAI-ALOPSCKCSA-N (2S,6R)-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=CC=1CC(C)CN1C[C@H](C)O[C@H](C)C1 RYAUSSKQMZRMAI-ALOPSCKCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QNBTYORWCCMPQP-JXAWBTAJSA-N (Z)-dimethomorph Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)=C/C(=O)N1CCOCC1 QNBTYORWCCMPQP-JXAWBTAJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- STMIIPIFODONDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(O)(CCCC)CN1C=NC=N1 STMIIPIFODONDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HZJKXKUJVSEEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(CCCC)(C#N)CN1C=NC=N1 HZJKXKUJVSEEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFNOUKDBUJZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C(C)C1CC1 UFNOUKDBUJZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RQDJADAKIFFEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)butanenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1CCC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C#N)CN1N=CN=C1 RQDJADAKIFFEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005740 Boscalid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005761 Dimethomorph Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005778 Fenpropimorph Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005780 Fluazinam Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005781 Fludioxonil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005797 Iprovalicarb Substances 0.000 description 8
- NWUWYYSKZYIQAE-ZBFHGGJFSA-N L-(R)-iprovalicarb Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 NWUWYYSKZYIQAE-ZBFHGGJFSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005811 Myclobutanil Substances 0.000 description 8
- IUOKJNROJISWRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(2-cyano-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C#N)NC(=O)C(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl IUOKJNROJISWRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005831 Quinoxyfen Substances 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N boscalid Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PYZSVQVRHDXQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithianon Chemical compound S1C(C#N)=C(C#N)SC2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O PYZSVQVRHDXQSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VDLGAVXLJYLFDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenhexamid Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C=1NC(=O)C1(C)CCCCC1 VDLGAVXLJYLFDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FKLFBQCQQYDUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenpiclonil Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CNC=2)C#N)=C1Cl FKLFBQCQQYDUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UZCGKGPEKUCDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluazinam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C(Cl)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1NC1=NC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1Cl UZCGKGPEKUCDTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N fludioxonil Chemical compound C=12OC(F)(F)OC2=CC=CC=1C1=CNC=C1C#N MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FQKUGOMFVDPBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N flusilazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 FQKUGOMFVDPBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WRPIRSINYZBGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxyfen Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1OC1=CC=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C12 WRPIRSINYZBGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MGNFYQILYYYUBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]piperidine Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=CC=1CC(C)CN1CCCCC1 MGNFYQILYYYUBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005736 Benthiavalicarb Substances 0.000 description 7
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005777 Fenpropidin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005828 Pyrimethanil Substances 0.000 description 7
- VVSLYIKSEBPRSN-PELKAZGASA-N benthiavalicarb Chemical compound C1=C(F)C=C2SC([C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(O)=O)C(C)C)=NC2=C1 VVSLYIKSEBPRSN-PELKAZGASA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940118790 boscalid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 7
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- AMEKQAFGQBKLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxycarboxin Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCOC(C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 AMEKQAFGQBKLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl LKPLKUMXSAEKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimethanil Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=NC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 7
- XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N (1e)-2-(ethylcarbamoylamino)-n-methoxy-2-oxoethanimidoyl cyanide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)NC(=O)C(\C#N)=N\OC XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol Chemical compound C=1N=CN=CC=1C(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)Cl)(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2R,3S)-epoxiconazole Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1[C@@]1(CN2N=CN=C2)[C@H](C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)O1 ZMYFCFLJBGAQRS-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-OLQVQODUSA-N (3ar,7as)-2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPDBOQMNKNNODG-NTEUORMPSA-N (5E)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC1(O)C(C)(C)CC\C1=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PPDBOQMNKNNODG-NTEUORMPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VGPIBGGRCVEHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)OC(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VGPIBGGRCVEHQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(CCC)CN1C=NC=N1 WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PZBPKYOVPCNPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(OCC=C)CN1C=NC=C1 PZBPKYOVPCNPJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YIKWKLYQRFRGPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylguanidine acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCN=C(N)N YIKWKLYQRFRGPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YTOPFCCWCSOHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyl-4-tridecylmorpholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN1CC(C)OC(C)C1 YTOPFCCWCSOHFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OCC2=C1 WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SOUGWDPPRBKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxopentan-3-yl)-4-methylbenzamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C(C)(CC)NC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(C)C(Cl)=C1 SOUGWDPPRBKJEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FSCWZHGZWWDELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C=C)OC(=O)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 FSCWZHGZWWDELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PCCSBWNGDMYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-(phenylamino)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1C(C)(C=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)OC(=O)N1NC1=CC=CC=C1 PCCSBWNGDMYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005745 Captan Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005746 Carboxin Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005755 Cyflufenamid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005756 Cymoxanil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005757 Cyproconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005765 Dodemorph Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005767 Epoxiconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005775 Fenbuconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005786 Flutolanil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005789 Folpet Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005790 Fosetyl Substances 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005795 Imazalil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005868 Metconazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005809 Metiram Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005810 Metrafenone Substances 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
- C08F220/585—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine and containing other heteroatoms, e.g. 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid [AMPS]
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
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Abstract
Description
- Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Wirkstoffformulierungen, die neben mindestens einem Wirkstoff mindestens ein statistisches radikalisches Copolymer, das als Monomerbausteine mindestens eine olefinisch ungesättigte Sulfonsäure i oder ein Salz davon oder eine Mischung aus Säure und Salz, mindestens ein alkyl-, aryl-, alkylaryl-, arylalkyl-, aryloxyalkyl-, alkoxyaryl- oder hydroxyalkylsubstituiertes (Meth)acrylat oder (Meth)acrylamid ii und gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe enthält.
- Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin Verfahren zur Herstellung der Wirkstoffformulierungen, Dispersionen, die durch Redispergieren dieser Wirkstoffformulierungen in wässrigen Systemen hergestellt werden sowie die Verwendung dieser Wirkstoffformulierungen.
- Viele Wirkstoffe werden idealerweise in Form von wässrigen Systemen bereitgestellt. Dies erschwert naturgemäß eine effektive Anwendung von in Wasser nicht oder nur wenig löslichen Wirkstoffen, da die Bioverfügbarkeit und damit die biologische Aktivität gering sind. Viele Wirkstoffe, vor allem im Agro- und Pharmabereich sind von hydrophober Natur und unterliegen deshalb dem genannten Anwendungsproblem.
- Es ist bekannt, dass Löslichkeit, Dispergierbarkeit und Bioverfügbarkeit von Wirkstoffpartikeln durch Vergrößerung der Partikeloberfläche, das heisst durch Verkleinerung der Partikelgröße bei gleicher Gesamtmenge erhöht werden kann. Beispielsweise ist die Penetration biologischer Membranen bei kleinerer Partikelgröße vereinfacht.
- Das bedeutet gleichzeitig, dass gegenüber der Anwendung des Wirkstoffes in Form größerer Partikel die benötigten Wirkstoffmengen bei Verwendung von Partikeln im Größenbereich von einem Mikrometer und weniger zur Erzielung des gleichen Effektes kleiner sind.
- Zur Stabilisierung von nanopartikulären Systemen werden häufig oberflächenaktive Substanzen eingesetzt, die Kristallwachstum und Agglomeration inhibieren. Typische Stabilisatoren sind niedermolekulare Tenside oder Oligomere, die zur Mizellenbildung führen. Nachteilig ist der oftmals niedrige Wirkstoffgehalt derartiger Mizellen.
- Aber auch höhermolekulare Hilfsmittel wie beispielsweise Kolloide, amphiphile Polymere und Verdicker geben die Möglichkeit, Wirkstoffteilchen in kleiner Dimension zu stabilisieren.
- Während die zuvor genannten Schutzkolloide die Partikel dadurch gegen Agglomeration stabilisieren, dass sie die Oberfläche bedecken und zu repulsiver elektrostatischer und/oder sterischer Wechselwirkung zwischen den Partikeln führen, stabilisieren Verdicker kinetisch durch Herabsetzung der Diffusion und damit der Kollisionsrate zwischen den Teilchen.
- WO 97/13503 offenbart eine Methode zur Herstellung von Nanopartikeln, bei der ein Agens und eine Matrix in Lösung zusammengebracht werden um dann in einem Sprühtrocknungsschritt als Nanokompositpulver, welches in wässrigem Milieu redispergiert werden kann, dargestellt zu werden. Die derart erzeugten Nanopartikel sind kleiner als 5000 nm, besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 250 nm. Als mögliche Anwendungen werden neben therapeutischen und diagnostischen Mitteln unter anderem auch Pestizide genannt.
- Als Matrixmaterialien sind Kohlenhydrate, Proteine, anorganische Salze, Harze oder Lipide genannt, wobei als Harze Gelatine, Stärke, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Arabinogalactan, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyacrylsäure, Polyethylen, Polymethacrylate, Polyamid, Poly-(Ethylen-co-vinylacetat) und Schellack, als Kohlenhydrate Cellulosen genannt werden. Zur Redispergierung ist es erforderlich, weitere Komponenten wie Stabilisatoren und Surfactants hinzuzufügen.
- EP-A 0 275 796 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Herstellung kolloidal dispergierbarer Systeme durch die Bildung von sphärischen Nanopartikeln. Das Verfahren umfasst das Lösen einer ersten Komponente A in einem Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch, wobei optional oberflächenaktive Stoffe zugesetzt werden, und das Bereitstellen eines zweiten Lösungsmittels oder Lösungsmittelgemisches, wobei das zweite Lösungsmittel oder das Lösungsmittelgemisch die Komponente A nicht löst. Dabei werden dem zweiten Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch optional oberflächenaktive Stoffe zugesetzt werden und das zweite Lösungsmittel/Lösungsmittelgemisch ist in jedem verhältnis mit dem Lösungsmittel/Lösungsmittelgemisch der Komponente A mischbar. Beim Mischen der Lösung der Komponente mit dem zweiten Lösungsmittel/Lösungsmittelgemisch in einer Mischkammer mit Kontrolle der Vermischung und Verweilzeit (Mikronisierung) werden Nanopartikel gebildet, die kleiner als 500 nm sind. Als mögliche Komponenten A werden Polymere, Fette, Fettsäureester, biologisch aktive Substanzen, Pigmente, Schmiermittel oder Farbmittel genannt.
- WO 98/16105 offenbart feste Pflanzenschutzmittel, bestehend im Wesentlichen aus einem oder mehreren überwiegend amorphen, an sich festen Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffen mit einer Wasserlöslichkeit von weniger als 500 mg/l bei 25°C und einer die Wirkstoffe umgebenden Hüllschicht. Die Herstellung des Mittels erfolgt so, dass man eine flüssige Formulierung des Pflanzenschutz-Wirkstoffs mit einer flüssigen Formulierung eines Hüllmaterials mischt und den derart umhüllten Pflanzenschutzwirkstoff trocknet. Bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind flüchtige, mit Wasser mischbare Solventien. Die getrockneten Nanopartikel lassen sich in wässrigen Medien redispergieren, die Teilchengrößen betragen 0,1 bis 0,8 Mikrometer. Als Hüllschichtmaterialien eignen sich grenzflächen- oder oberflächenaktive polymere Kolloide oder oligomere, amphiphile Verbindungen oder Mischungen daraus. Vorzugsweise werden Biopolymere und modifizierte Biopolymere eingesetzt. Weiterhin geeignet sind synthetische anionische und neutrale Polymere beispielsweise wie Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon und Polyacrylsäure.
- WO 03/039249 bezieht sich auf eine feste Pflanzenschutzformulierung aus einem Pflanzenschutzmittel und einem statistisch radikalischen Copolymer, das mindestens ein hydrophiles und ein hydrophobes Monomer als polymerisierte Einheiten und optional weitere Additive enthält. In der beschriebenen wässrigen Dispersion befinden sich mindestens 50% der dispergierten Partikel in einem röntgenamorphen Zustand. Als hydrophile Monomere werden prokationische stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen wie vinylsubstituierte Pyridine oder aminoalkylsubstituierte (Meth)acrylamide eingesetzt.
- EP-A 0 875 143 offenbart Pestizid-Zusammensetzungen mit 0,01 bis 40 Gew.-% Polymeranteil, in denen mindestens eine der Komponenten ein Polymer ist, das die Kristallisation des Pestizid-Wirkstoffes der Zusammensetzung erniedrigt.
- Die Polymere können lipophilen oder sowohl lipo- als auch hydrophilen Charakter haben. Der hydrophile Charakter wird durch Monomereinheiten bestimmt, die ausgewählt sind substituierten Alkylestern, Alkylthioestern und Mono- oder Dialkylamiden monoethylenisch ungesättigter Monomerer wie Acryl-, Methacryl-, Fumar-, Malein- und Itaconsäuren, substituierten oder unsubstituierten Vinylestern von C1-C4-Carboxylaten, cyclischen Estern, Amiden und Heterozyklen und vinylsubstituierten Aminen.
- Der lipophile Charakter wird den Polymeren durch ethylenisch ungesättigte Monomere wie langkettigen Alkylestern und mono- oder disubstituierten Alkylamiden der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Fumarsäure, Maleinsäure oder Itaconsäure, durch α-Olefine oder Vinylalkoholester, Vinylhalogenide, Vinylnitrile und Vinylcarboxylate verliehen.
- WO 02/082900 beschreibt wässrige Suspensionen von Nanopartikeln. Die Nanopartikel sind aus einer amphiphilen Verbindung mit mindestens einer hydrophoben und mindestens einer hydrophilen Einheit und mindestens 50 Gewichtsprozent einer organischen, wasserunlöslichen agrochemischen Substanz auf 100 Teile der amphiphilen Verbindung aufgebaut. Als Phasenvermittler werden amphiphile Diblockcopolymere offenbart.
- DE-A 10151392 beschreibt pulverförmige Wirkstoffformulierungen, die aus einem biologischen Wirkstoff, einem Dispergiermittel, Polyvinylalkohol sowie gegebenenfalls Zusatzstoffen bestehen. Dabei werden der Wirkstoff und das Dispergiermittel in wässriger Phase suspendiert und bis zur Schmelze erwärmt, es bildet sich eine Emulsion. Diese Emulsion wird mit einem Strahldispergator homogenisiert und dann schnell bis zur Erstarrung der dispergierten Schmelze abgekühlt. Die feinteilige Dispersion wird danach mit wässriger Polyvinylalkohollösung versetzt, wodurch sich ein die Dispersionspartikel umschließender Film von Polyvinylalkohol bildet.
- EP-A 0875 142 offenbart Dispersionen von Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffen in landwirtschaftlichen Ölen und eine Methode zur Herstellung dieser Dispersionen. Die Größe der dispergierten Partikel liegt zwischen 0.5 und 10 Mikrometern. Die Polymere, die zur Dispergierung der Wirkstoffe eingesetzt werden, bestehen zu 2.5 bis 35 Gew.-% aus polaren Monomeren. Als polare Monomere werden Hydroxy-, Carbonsäure- und Stickstoffgruppen tragende Monomere verwendet. Bevorzugte Monomere sind langkettige (Meth)Acrylate und als polares Monomer Dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamid (DMAP-MA).
- Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, neue Möglichkeiten zur Formulierung von Wirkstoffen, insbesondere zur Nanodispergierung von an sich schwer wasserlöslichen Wirkstoffen in wässrigem Milieu bereitzustellen.
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Wirkstoffformulierungen, enthaltend
- a. mindestens einen Wirkstoff,
- b. mindestens ein statistisches radikalisches Copolymer, enthaltend als Monomere mindestens eine olefinisch ungesättigte Sulfonsäure der Formel I wobei X Sauerstoff oder NR5, R1 Wasserstoff oder Methyl bedeuten, n einen Wert von 0 bis 10 annehmen kann und R2 und R3 unabhängig voneinander C1- bis C6-Alkyl, R5 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können, bedeuten und die olefinische ungesättigte Sulfonsäure in Säure- oder Salzform oder als Mischung von Säure- und Salzform vorliegen kann, mindestens ein olefinisch ungesättigtes Monomer der Formel II wobei Y Sauerstoff oder NR5, R4 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R5 und R6 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl bedeuten, optional weitere Monomere sowie
- c. gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe.
- Salze der Sulfonsäure der Formel I sind bevorzugt Alkali- oder Ammoniumsalze.
- Als Alkylreste allein oder in den genannten Kombinationen kommen C1 bis C20-Alkyl in Betracht. Insbesondere seien genannt C1- bis C6-Alkyl wie Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, 1-Methylethyl, Butyl, 1-Methylpropyl, 2-Methylpropyl, 1,1-Dimethylethyl, Pentyl, 1-Methylbutyl, 2-Methylbutyl, 3-Methylbutyl, 1,1-Dimethylpropyl, 1,2-Dimethylpropyl, 2,2-Dimethylpropyl, 1-Ethylpropyl, Hexyl, 1-Methylpentyl, 2-Methylpentyl, 3-Methylpentyl, 4-Methylpentyl, 1,1-Dimethylbutyl, 1,2-Dimethylbutyl, 1,3-Dimethylbutyl, 2,2-Dimethylbutyl, 2,3-Dimethylbutyl, 3,3-Dimethylbutyl, 1-Ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-Trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl, 1-Ethyl-1-Methylpropyl und 1-Ethyl-2-Methylpropyl, Cyclohexyl, n-Heptyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Decyl, Isodecyl, Undecyl, Lauryl, Tridecyl, Myristyl, Pentadecyl-, Cetyl, Heptadecyl, Stearyl.
- Unter Arylresten werden ein oder mehrkernige, gegebenenfalls substituierte aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste verstanden. Beispielsweise seien Phenyl, Naphthyl oder durch Halogen wie Fluor oder Chlor substituiertes Phenyl genannt.
- Alkoxy steht für einen Alkylrest, der über ein Sauerstoffatom (-O-) an das Gerüst gebunden ist.
- Aryloxy steht für einen Arylrest, der über ein Sauerstoffatom (-O-) an das Gerüst gebunden ist.
- Als weitere Monomere können beispielsweise vinylaromatische Monomere wie Styrol und Styrolderivate wie α-Methylstyrol, Vinyltoluol, ortho-, meta- und para-Methylstyrol, Ethylvinylbenzol, Vinylnaphthalin, Vinylxylol sowie die entsprechenden halogenierten vinylaromatischen Monomere, nitro-, alkoxy-, haloalkyl-, carbalkoxy-, carboxy-, amino- und alkylaminogruppen tragende vinylaromatischen Monomere, α-Olefine wie Ethen, Propen, 1-Buten, 1-Penten, 1-Hexen, Isobuten, langkettige (C10-C20) Alkyl-α-Olefine, Diene wie Butadien und Isopren, Vinylalkoholester wie Vinylacetat, Vinylhalogenide wie Vinylchlorid, Vinylbromid, Vinylfluorid, Vinylidenchlorid, Vinylidenfluorid, Vinylidenbromid, Vinylnitril, Vinylcarboxylate, 1-Vinylamide wie 1-Vinylpyrrolidon, 1-Vinylpiperidon, 1-Vinylcaprolactam, 1-Vinylformamid, 1-Vinylacetamid oder 1-Methyl-1-vinylacetamid, N-Vinylimidazol, C1- bis C24-Alkylester und ein- und zweifach substituierte und unsubstituierte C1- bis C24-Alkylamide von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren wie Acryl-, Methacryl-, Fumar-, Malein-, und Itaconsäuren, Vinylsulfonsäure, Anhydride wie Maleinsäureanhydrid, ungesättigte Aldehyde wie Acrolein, ungesättigte Ether wie 1,4-Cyclohexandimethanoldivinylether, 1,4-Cyclohexandimethanolmonovinylether, Butandioldivinylether, Butandiolmonovinylether, Cyclohexylvinylether, Diethylenglykoldivinylether, Ethylenglykolmonovinylether, Ethylvinylether, Methylvinylether, n-Butylvinylether, Octadecylvinylether, Triethylenglykolvinylmethylether, Vinylisobutylether, Vinyl-(2-ethylhexyl)ether, Vinylpropylether, Vinylisopropylether, Vinyldodecylether, Vi nyl-tert-butylether, Xexadioldivinylether, Hexadiolmonovinylether, Diethyleneglykolmonovinylether, Diethylaminoethylvinylether, Polytetrahydrofuran-290-divinylether, Tetraethyleneglykoldivinylether, Ethylenglykolbutylvinylether, Ethyleneglykoldivinylether, Triethylenglykoldivinylether, Trimethylolpropantrivinylether, Aminopropylvinylether enthalten sein.
- Unter einem mit „radikalisch" bezeichneten Polymer wird ein durch radikalische Polymerisation hergestelltes Polymer verstanden.
- Unter einem mit „statistisch" bezeichneten Copolymer wird ein Copolymer verstanden bei dem die Monomersequenz durch die Copolymerisationsparameter der Monomere bestimmt wird. Entsprechendes gilt auch für Copolymere bestehend aus mehr als zwei Monomerarten.
- Diese Art von Polymeren wird auch als random-Copolymere bezeichnet.
- Die Sulfonsäuren der Formel I können in Säure- oder Salzform oder als Mischung von Säure- und Salzform vorliegen. Stellvertretend für alle diese Formen wird der Begriff „Sulfonsäure" verwendet.
- Salze der Sulfonsäure sind Metallsalze, insbesondere Alkalimetallsalze wie Lithium-, Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze oder Ammoniumsalze.
- In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das erfindungsgemäße statistische radikalische Copolymer als Monomere mindestens eine olefinisch ungesättigte Sulfonsäure der Formel I, mindestens ein (Meth)acrylat der Formel IIa wobei m die ganzzahligen Werte von 0 bis 4 und p die ganzzahligen Werte 0 oder 1 annehmen, R4 Wasserstoff oder Methyl und R7, R8 und R9 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C1 bis C6-Alkyl, Halogen, Hydroxy, C1 bis C6-Alkoxy, wobei Alkyl und Alkoxy halogensubstituiert sein können, bedeuten, sowie optional weitere olefinische Monomere der Formel IIb wobei Y O oder NR5, R10 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R5, R6 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können, bedeuten.
- Dabei steht Alkoxy für einen Alkylrest wie vorstehend genannt, der über ein Sauerstoffatom an das Gerüst gebunden ist. Aryloxy steht für einen Arylrest, der über ein Sauerstoffatom (-O-) an das Gerüst gebunden ist.
- Unter Arylresten werden ein oder mehrkernige, gegebenenfalls substituierte aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste verstanden. Beispielsweise seien Phenyl, Naphthyl oder durch Halogen wie Fluor oder Chlor substituiertes Phenyl genannt. Aryloxy steht für einen Arylrest wie vorstehend genannt, der über ein Sauerstoffatom an das Gerüst gebunden ist.
- Beispielsweise stehen Alkylaryl für Tolyl, Arylalkyl für Benzyl, Alkoxyalkyl für Ethoxyethyl, Aryloxyalkyl für Phenoxyethyl, Alkoxyaryl für Methoxyphenyl, Hydroxyalkyl für Hydroxyethyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl für Dimethylaminopropyl.
- In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das erfindungsgemäße statistische radikalische Copolymer aus mindestens einer olefinisch ungesättigten Sulfonsäure der Formel I und Phenoxy-C1-C6-alkylacrylat wie beispielsweise Phenoxyethylacrylat aufgebaut.
- In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das statistische radikalische Copolymer aufgebaut aus Monomeren der obenstehenden Formel I, insbesondere 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure und mindestens einem olefinisch ungesättigten Monomer der Formel II wobei Y für Sauerstoff oder NR5, R4 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R5, R6 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei Alkyl und Aryl die vorgenannten Bedeutungen haben, stehen sowie optional weiteren Monomeren.
- In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das statistische radikalische Copolymer als Monomere 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure und mindestens ein olefinisch ungesättigtes Monomer der Formel II, wobei Y Sauerstoff, R4 Wasserstoff und R6 Wasserstoff oder Alkyl bedeuten.
- Demnach enthält das statistische radikalische Copolymer in dieser besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform als Monomere 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure und mindestens einen Ester der Acrylsäure.
- Solche Ester der Acrylsäure sind beispielsweise Methylacrylat, Ethylacrylat, Propylacrylat, Isopropylacrylat, Butylacrylat, 2-Methylpropylacrylat, tert-Butylacrylat, Hexylacrylat, Cyclohexylacrylat, n-Octylacrylat, 2-Ethylhexylacrylat, Decylacrylat, Isodecylacrylat, Undecylacrylat, Laurylacrylat, Tridecylacrylat, Myristylacrylat, Pentadecyl-acrylat, Cetylacrylat, Heptadecylacrylat, Stearylacrylat.
- In einer ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält das statistische radikalische Copolymer als Monomere 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure, Phenoxyethylacrylat und mindestens einen Ester der Acrylsäure.
- In einer weiteren ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das statistische radikalische Copolymer aus den Monomeren 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure und Phenoxyethylacrylat aufgebaut.
- Die Molmassen Mw und Mn sowie die Uneinheitlichkeit der Polymere werden durch Größenausschlusschromatographie bestimmt. Als Kalibrationsmaterial können handelsübliche PMMA-Eichsätze verwendet werden.
- Erfindungsgemäß beträgt der prozentuale Anteil der mindestens einen olefinisch ungesättigten Sulfonsäure an der Gesamtmasse des mindestens einen statistisch radikalischen Copolymers 10 bis 90, bevorzugt 20 bis 80 und besonders bevorzugt 30 bis 70 Gewichtsprozent.
- Die erfindungsgemäßen statistischen radikalischen Copolymere werden bevorzugt in üblicher Weise durch freie radikalische Polymerisation synthetisiert. Es können aber auch andere, z.B. kontrolliert radikalische Verfahren zur Polymerisation eingesetzt werden. Die Polymerisation wird in Gegenwart der Monomere und eines oder mehreren Initiatoren durchgeführt und kann mit oder ohne Lösungsmittel, in Emulsion oder in Suspension durchgeführt werden.
- Die Polymerisation kann als Batchreaktion, in semikontinuierlicher oder kontinuierlicher Fahrweise durchgeführt werden.
- Die Reaktionszeiten liegen im allgemeinen im Bereich zwischen 1 und 12 Stunden. Der Temperaturbereich, in dem die Reaktionen durchgeführt werden können, reicht im allgemeinen von 20 bis 200°C, bevorzugt von 40 bis 120°C.
- Als Initiator für die radikalische Polymerisation werden übliche radikalbildende Substanzen eingesetzt. Bevorzugt wird der Initiator aus der Gruppe der Azoverbindungen, der Peroxidverbindungen oder der Hydroperoxidverbindungen gewählt. Beispielsweise seien genannt Acetylperoxid, Benzoylperoxid, Lauroylperoxid, Tert-Butylperoxy isobutyrat, Caproylperoxid, Cumolhydroperoxid, Azobisisobutyronitril oder 2,2-Azobis(2-Methylbutan)nitril. Besonders bevorzugt ist Azobisisobutyronitril (AIBN).
- Die radikalische Polymerisation wird bevorzugt in Lösung durchgeführt. Lösungsmittel sind Wasser, Alkohole, wie z.B. Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, dipolar-aprotische Lösungsmittel wie z.B. DMF, DMSO oder NMP, aromatische, aliphatische, halogenierte oder unhalogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z.B. Hexan, Chlorbenzol, Toluol oder Benzol. Bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind Isopropanol, Methanol, Toluol, DMF, NMP, DMSO und Hexan, besonders bevorzugt ist DMF.
- Erfindungsgemäß liegt das Verhältnis der Gewichtsanteile von Wirkstoffen) zu statistisch radikalisch(en) Copolymer(en) im Bereich von 1:10 bis 10:1, bevorzugt im Bereich von 1:4 bis 4:1, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1:2 bis 2:1.
- Als Wirkstoffe im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung kommen vorzugsweise schwer wasserlösliche Wirkstoffe wie biologisch oder pharmazeutisch aktive Verbindungen, aber auch schwer wasserlösliche Effektstoffe wie Farbmittel, Riechstoffe, Aromen und in der Kosmetik verwendete Wirk- und Effektstoffe in Betracht. Schwer wasserlöslich bedeutet eine Wasserlöslichkeit von weniger als 1000 mg/l, bevorzugt weniger als 100 mg/l jeweils bei einer Temperatur von 20°C.
- In den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen können mehrere solcher Wirkstoffe nebeneinander vorliegen.
- Die Erfindung betrifft bevorzugt die Formulierung von Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffen, Herstellung von Dispergaten dieser Pflanzenschutzformulierungen und Mittel und Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von Schädlingen und unerwünschten Pflanzenwachstums durch Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Pflanzenschutzformulierung.
- Als Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffe seien Fungizide, Bakterizide, Insektizide, Akarizide, Nematizide, Molluskizide, Herbizide und Pflanzenwuchsregulatoren genannt.
- Bevorzugte Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffe sind Herbizide, Akarizide, Insektizide, Nematizide und Fungizide, die unter http://www.hclrss.demon.co.uk/index_cn_frame.html(Index of common names) aufgeführt sind. Beispielsweise seien die folgenden Herbizide, Akarizide, Insektizide, Nematizide und Fungizide genannt:
Abamectin, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, acetoprole, acifluorfen, aclonifen, ACN, acrinathrin, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acypetacs, alachlor, alanap, alanycarb aldicarb, aldimorph, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, d-trans-allethrin, allidochlor, allosamidin, alloxydim, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alpha-cypermethrin, ametridione, ametryn, ametryne, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amidithion, amidoflumet, amidosulfuron, aminocarb, aminotriazole, amiprofos-methyl, amiton, amitraz, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, ampropylfos, AMS, anabasine, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, arprocarb, arsenous oxide, asulam, athidathion, atraton, atrazine, aureofungin, avermectin B1, azaconazole, azadirachtin, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azidithion, azimsulfuron, azinphosethyl, azinphosmethyl, aziprotryn, azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin, azothoate, azoxystrobin, barban (= barbanate), barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barium silicofluoride, barthrin, BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl, benazolin, bendiocarb, bendioxide, benefin (= benfluralin), benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, benoxafos, benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulide, bensultap, bentaluron, bentazon, benthiocarb, benzadox, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril, benzamizole, benzamorf, benzene hexachloride, benzfendizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzoepin, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid, benzomate benzoximate (= benzoylprop), benzthiazuron, benzyl benzoate, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, BHC, gamma-BHC, bialaphos, bifenazate, bifenox, bifenthrin, bilanafos, binapacryl, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bispyribac, bistrifluron, bitertanol, bithionol, blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, BPPS, bromacil, bromchlophos, bromfenvinfos, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromofenoxim, bromomethane, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromoxynil, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, BRP, bufencarb, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundy mixture, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butam, butamifos, butathiofos, butenachlor, buthidazole, buthiobate, buthiuron, butocarboxim, butonate, butoxycarboxim, butralin, butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, butylchlorophos, cacodylic acid, cadusafos, cafenstrole, caffeine, calcium arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide, calcium polysulfide, cambendichlor, camphechlor, captafol, captan, carbam, carbamorph, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbasulam, carbathion, carbendazim, carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbophos, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxin, carfentrazone, carpropamid, cartap, carvone, CDAA, CDEA, CDEC, CEPC, cerenox, cevadilla, Cheshunt mixture, chinalphos, chinalphosmethyl, chinomethionat, chlobenthiazone, chlomethoxyfen, chlor-IPC, chloramben, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl, chlorazifop, chlorazine, chlorbenside, chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane, chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole, chlorfenethol, chlorfenidim, chlorfenizon, chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfenvinphos-methyl, chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorflurecol, chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorinate, chlormephos, chlormethoxynil, chlornitrofen, chloroacetic acid, chlorobenzilate, chloroform, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloroneb, chlorophos, chloropicrin, chloropon, chloropropylate, chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxifenidim (= chloroxuron), chloroxynil, chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos, chlortoluron, chlozolinate, chromafenozide, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, cisanilide, cismethrin, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop, cloethocarb, clofentezine, clofop, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, cloransulam, closantel, clothianidin, clotrimazole, CMA, CMMP, CMP, CMU, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper carbonate, basic, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper 8-quinolinolate, copper silicate, copper sulfate, copper sulfate, basic, copper zinc chromate, coumaphos, coumithoate, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, CPMF, 4-CPP, CPPC, cresol (= cresylic acid), crotamiton, crotoxyfos, crufomate, cryolite, cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, CVMP, cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate, cyazofamid, cyclafuramid, cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprothrin, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyflufenamid, cycluron, cyfluthrin, betacyfluthrin, cyhalofop, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cymoxanil, cypendazole, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyperquat, cyphenothrin, cyprazine, cyprazole, cyprex, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid, cyromazine, cythioate, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, 2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, DBCP, DCB, DCIP, DCPA (USA), DCPA (Japan), DCU, DDD, DDPP, DDT, pp (pure)-DDT, DDVP, 2,4-DEB, debacarb, decafentin, decarbofuran, dehydroacetic acid, deiquat, delachlor, delnav, deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon (= demeton-S-methyl sulphone), DEP, 2,4-DEP, depallethrine, derris, 2,4-DES, desmedipham, desmetryn (= desmetryne), diafenthiuron, dialifos, diallate, diamidafos, dianat, diazinon, dibrom, 1,2-dibromoethane, dicamba, dicapthon, dichlobenil, dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichloralurea, dichlorfenidim, dichlormate, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, dichlorophen, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, dichlorvos, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclomezine, dicloran, diclosulam, dicofol, dicresyl, dicrotophos, dicryl, dicyclanil, dieldrin, dienochlor, diethamquat, diethatyl, diethion, diethofencarb, diethyl pyrocarbonate, difenoconazole, difenopenten, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflubenzuron, diflufenican (= diflufenicanil), diflufenzopyr, diflumetorim, dilor, dimefox, dimefuron, dimehypo, dimepiperate, dimetan, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dimexano, dimidazon, dimoxystrobin, dimpylate, dinex, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinitramine, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinosulfon, dinotefuran, dinoterb, dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion, diphenamid, diphenyl sulfone, diphenylamine, diphenylsulphide, dipropetryn, dipterex, dipyrithione, diquat, disugran, disul, disulfiram, disulfoton, ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithiometon, dithiopyr, diuron, dixanthogen, DMPA, DNOC, dodemorph, dodicin, dodine, dofenapyn, doguadine, doramectin (= 2,4-DP), 3,4-DP, DPC, drazoxolon, DSMA, d-trans-allethrin, dymron, EBEP, ecdysone (= ecdysterone), echlomezol, EDB, EDC, EDDP (= edifenphos), eglinazine, emamectin, EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal (= endothall), endothion, endrin, ephirsulfonate, EPN, epofenonane, epoxiconazole, eprinomectin, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, esfenvalerate, ESP, esprocarb, etaconazole, etaphos, etem, ethaboxam, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfu ron, ethidimuron, ethiofencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiprole, ethirimol, ethoate-methyl, ethofumesate, ethoprop (= ethoprophos), ethoxyfen, ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethyl pyrophosphate, ethylan (= ethyl-DDD), ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethyl formate, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, etinofen, ETM, etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, fenac, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenamiphos, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorphos, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenidin, fenitropan, fenitrothion, fenizon, fenobucarb, fenolovo, fenoprop, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyroximate, fenridazon, fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fentiaprop, fentin, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenvalerate, ferbam, ferimzone, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, flonicamid, florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazinam, fluazolate, fluazuron, flubenzimine, flucarbazone, fluchloralin, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fludioxonil, fluenetil, flufenacet, flufenerim, flufenican, flufenoxuron, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flumethrin, flumetover, flumetsulam, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, fluometuron, fluorbenside, fluoridamid, fluorochloridone, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroimide, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, fluquinconazole, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluromidine, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide, fluthiacet, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, folpel (= folpet), fomesafen, fonofos, foramsulfuron, formaldehyde, formetanate, formothion, formparanate, fosamine, fosetyl, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, furathiocarb, furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin, furmecyclox, furophanate, furyloxyfen, gamma-BHC, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, glufosinate, glyodin, glyphosate, griseofulvin, guanoctine (= guazatine), halacrinate, halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen, halosulfuron, haloxydine, haloxyfop, HCA, HCH, gamma-HCH, HEOD, heptachlor, heptenophos, heterophos, hexachlor (= hexachloran), hexachloroacetone, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexaconazole, hexaflumuron, hexafluoramin, hexaflurate, hexazinone, hexylthiofos, hexythiazox, HHDN, hydramethylnon, hydrogen, cyanide, hydroprene, hydroxyisoxazole, 8-hydroxyquinoline, sulfate, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IBP, imazalil, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imidacloprid, iminoctadine, imiprothrin, indanofan, indoxacarb, iodobonil, iodofenphos, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, ipazine, IPC, ipconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprymidam, IPSP, IPX, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isomethiozin, isonoruron, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isoprocil, isopropalin, isoprothiolane, isoproturon, isothioate, isouron, isovaledione, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, isoxathion, isuron, ivermectin, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jodfenphos, juvenile, hormone I, juvenile, hormone II, juvenile, hormone III, karbutilate, kasugamycin, kelevan, kinoprene, kresoxim-methyl, lactofen, lambda-cyhalothrin, lead arsenate, lenacil, leptophos, lime sulfur, d-limonene, lindane, linuron, lirimfos, lufenuron, lythidathion, M-74, M-81, MAA, malathion, maldison, malonoben, MAMA, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, mazidox, MCC, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, 2,4-MCPB, mebenil, mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, medinoterb, mefenacet, mefluidide, menazon, MEP, mepanipyrim, mephosfolan, mepronil, mercaptodimethur, mercaptophos, mercaptophos-teolovy, mercaptothion, mercuric, chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous, chloride, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, mesulphen, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metam, metamitron, metaphos, metaxon, metazachlor, metazoxolon, metconazole, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methacrifos, methalpropalin, metham, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, methazole, methfuroxam, methibenzuron, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb, methiuron, methocrotophos, metholcarb, methometon, methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryn, methoprotryne, methoxychlor, 2-methoxyethylmercury, chloride, methoxyfenozide, methyl bromide, methylchloroform, methyldithiocarbamic, acid, methyldymron, methylene, chloride, methyl, isothiocyanate, methyl-mercaptophos, methylmercaptophos, oxide, methyl-mercaptophos-teolovy, methylmercury, benzoate, methylmercury, dicyandiamide, methyl parathion, methyltriazothion, metiram, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metolcarb, metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone, metribuzin, metriphonate, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, mevinphos, mexacarbate, milbemectin, milneb, mipafox, MIPC, mirex, MNAF, molinate, monalide, monisouron, monochloroacetic, acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron, monosulfiram, monuron, morfamquat, morphothion, MPMC, MSMA, MTMC, myclobutanil, myclozolin, nabam, naftalofos, naled, naphthalene, naphthalic, anhydride, naphthalophos, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, natamycin, neburea, neburon, nendrin, nichlorfos, niclofen, niclosamide, nicobifen, nicosulfuron, nicotine, nifluridide, nikkomycins, NIP, nipyraclofen, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, nobormide, norbormide, norea, norflurazon, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron, NPA, nuarimol, OCH, octhilinone, o-dichlorobenzene, ofurace, omethoate, orbencarb, orthobencarb, ortho-dichlorobenzene, oryzalin, ovatron, ovex, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamyl, oxapyrazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxine-copper, oxine-Cu, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen, oxythioquinox, PAC, palléthrine, PAP, paradichlorobenzene, parafluron, paraquat, parathion, parathion-methyl, Paris green, PCNB, PCP, p-dichlorobenzene, pebulate, pédinex, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penfluron, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, PHC, phénétacarbe, phenisopham, phenkapton, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenothiol, phenothrin, phenthoate, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate, 2-phenylphenol, phorate, phosalone, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamide, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphocarb, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide, phthalophos, phthalthrin, picloram, picolinafen, picoxystrobin, piperophos, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimiphos ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, PMA, PMP, polycarbamate, polychlorcamphene, polyethoxyquinoline, polyoxins, polyoxorim, potassium arsenite, potassium cyanate, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III, pretilachlor, primidophos, primisulfuron, probenazole, prochloraz, proclonol, procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, profenofos, profluazol, profluralin, profoxydim, proglinazine, promacyl, promecarb, prometon, prometryn, prometryne, pronamide, propachlor, propafos, propamocarb, propanil, propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, propazine, propetamphos, propham, propiconazole, propineb, propisochlor, propoxur, propoxycarbazone, propyzamide, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, proxan, prymidophos, prynachlor, pydanon, pyracarbolid, pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen, pyrazolate, pyrazolynate, pyrazon, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazoxyfen, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridaben, pyridafol, pyridaphenthion, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyriftalid, pyrimétaphos, pyrimethanil, pyrimicarbe, pyrimidifen, pyrimitate, pyriminobac, pyrimiphos-éthyl, pyrimiphos-methyl, pyriproxyfen, pyrithiobac, pyroquilon, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quassia, quinacetol, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl, quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinomethionate, quinonamid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rabenzazole, rafoxanide, reglone, resmethrin, rhodethanil, rimsulfuron, rodethanil, ronnel, rotenone, ryania, sabadilla, salicylanilide, schradan, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, selamectin, sesone, sethoxydim, sevin, siduron, silafluofen, silthiofam, silvex, simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, simetryne, SMA, sodium arsenite, sodium chlorate, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenate, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium o-phenylphenoxide, sodium polysulfide, sodium silicofluoride, disodium tetraborate, sodium thiocyanate, solan, sophamide, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiroxamine, stirofos, streptomycin, sulcofuron, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfiram, sulfluramid, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, sulfotepp, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuryl fluoride, sulglycapin, sulprofos, sultropen, swep, 2,4,5-T, tau-fluvalinate, tazimcarb, 2,4,5-TB, 2,3,6-TBA, TBTO, TBZ, TCA, TCBA, TCMTB, TCNB, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, tedion, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, TEPP, tepraloxydim, terallethrin, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutol, terbutryn, terbutryne, terraclor, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetradisul, tetrafluron, tetramethrin, tetranactin, tetrasul, thenylchlor, theta-cypermethrin, thiabendazole, thiacloprid, thiadiazine, thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiameturon, thiazafluron, thiazone, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thifensulfuron, thifluzamide, thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiochlorphenphime, thiocyclam, thiodan, thiodicarb, thiofanocarb, thiofanox, thiomersal, thiometon, thionazin, thiophanate, thiophanate-ethyl, thiophanate-methyl, thiophos, thioquinox, thiosultap, thiram, thiuram, thuringiensin, tiabendazole, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tioxymid, TMTD, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, tolfenpyrad, tolylmercury acetate, toxaphene, 2,4,5-TP, 2,3,3-TPA, TPN, tralkoxydim, tralomethrin, d-trans-allethrin, transfluthrin, transpermethrin, tri-allate, triadimefon, triadimenol, triallate, triamiphos, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron, triazamate, triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazothion, triazoxide, tribenuron, tributyltin oxide, tricamba, trichlamide, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, trichloronate, trichlorphon, triclopyr, tricyclazole, tricyclohexyltin, hydroxide, tridemorph, tridiphane, trietazine, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, trifop, trifopsime, triforine, trimeturon, triphenyltin, triprene, tripropindan, tritac, triticonazole, tritosulfuron, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, validamycin, vamidothion, vaniliprole, vernolate, vinclozolin, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols, xylylcarb, zarilamid, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc naphthenate, zineb, zolaprofos, zoxamide trichlorophenate, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 2,3,3-TPA, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-DP, 2,4-MCPB, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4,5-TP, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 4-CPA, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate. - Besonders bevorzugte Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffe sind Fungizide, wie beispielsweise
- • Acylalanine wie Benalaxyl, Metalaxyl, Ofurace, Oxadixyl,
- • Aminderivate wie Aldimorph, Dodine, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Guazatine, Iminoctadine, Spiroxamin, Tridemorph,
- • Anilinopyrimidine wie Pyrimethanil, Mepanipyrim oder Cyrodinyl,
- • Antibiotika wie Cycloheximid, Griseofulvin, Kasugamycin, Natamycin, Polyoxin oder Streptomycin,
- • Azole wie Bitertanol, Bromoconazol, Cyproconazol, Difenoconazole, Dinitroconazol, Epoxiconazol, Fenbuconazol, Fluquiconazol, Flusilazol, Hexaconazol, Imazalil, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Penconazol, Propiconazol, Prochloraz, Prothioconazol, Tebuconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triflumizol, Triticonazol,
- • Dicarboximide wie Iprodion, Myclozolin, Procymidon, Vinclozolin,
- • Dithiocarbamate wie Ferbam, Nabam, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metam, Metiram, Propineb, Polycarbamat, Thiram, Ziram, Zineb,
- • Heterocylische Verbindungen wie Anilazin, Benomyl, Boscalid, Carbendazim, Carboxin, Oxycarboxin, Cyazofamid, Dazomet, Dithianon, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fenarimol, Fuberidazol, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Isoprothiolan, Mepronil, Nuarimol, Probenazol, Proquinazid, Pyrifenox, Pyroquilon, Quinoxyfen, Silthiofam, Thiabendazol, Thifluzamid, Thiophanat-methyl, Tiadinil, Tricyclazol, Triforine,
- • Kupferfungizide wie Bordeaux Brühe, Kupferacetat, Kupferoxychlorid, basisches Kupfersulfat,
- • Nitrophenylderivate, wie Binapacryl, Dinocap, Dinobuton, Nitrophthal-isopropyl,
- • Phenylpyrrole wie Fenpiclonil oder Fludioxonil,
- • Schwefel
- • Sonstige Fungizide wie Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Benthiavalicarb, Carpropamid, Chlorothalonil, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Dazomet, Diclomezin, Diclocymet, Diethofencarb, Edifenphos, Ethaboxam, Fenhexamid, Fentin-Acetat, Fenoxanil, Ferimzone, Fluazinam, Fosetyl, Fosetyl-Aluminium, Iprovalicarb, Hexachlorbenzol, Metrafenon, Pencycuron, Propamocarb, Phthalid, Toloclofos-methyl, Quintozene, Zoxamid
- • Sulfensäurederivate wie Captafol, Captan, Dichlofluanid, Folpet, Tolylfluanid
- • Zimtsäureamide und Analoge wie Dimethomorph, Flumetover oder Flumorph.
- Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind die Strobilurine wie Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin oder Trifloxystrobin, insbesondere Pyraclostrobin.
- In den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen können mehrere Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffe – auch unterschiedlicher Indikation – nebeneinander vorliegen.
- Eine bevorzugte Pflanzenschutzformulierung enthält als Komponente a. mindestens einen Pflanzenschutzwirkstoff ausgewählt aus der Klasse der Fungizide.
- Besonders bevorzugt sind Wirkstoffformulierungen, in denen der mindestens eine Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Strobilurine, insbesondere bevorzugt ist Pyraclostrobin.
- Weiterhin besonders bevorzugt sind Wirkstoffformulierungen, die als Wirkstoff Mischungen von Pyraclostrobin mit weiteren Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffen enthalten. Solche Mischungspartner sind
- • Acylalanine wie Benalaxyl, Metalaxyl, Ofurace, Oxadixyl,
- • Aminderivate wie Aldimorph, Dodine, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Guazatine, Iminoctadine, Spiroxamin, Tridemorph,
- • Anilinopyrimidine wie Pyrimethanil, Mepanipyrim oder Cyrodinyl,
- • Antibiotika wie Cycloheximid, Griseofulvin, Kasugamycin, Natamycin, Polyoxin oder Streptomycin,
- • Azole wie Bitertanol, Bromoconazol, Cyproconazol, Difenoconazole, Dinitroconazol, Epoxiconazol, Fenbuconazol, Fluquiconazol, Flusilazol, Hexaconazol, Imazalil, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Penconazol, Propiconazol, Prochloraz, Prothioconazol, Tebuconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triflumizol, Triticonazol,
- • Dicarboximide wie Iprodion, Myclozolin, Procymidon, Vinclozolin,
- • Dithiocarbamate wie Ferbam, Nabam, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metam, Metiram, Propineb, Polycarbamat, Thiram, Ziram, Zineb,
- • Heterocylische Verbindungen wie Anilazin, Benomyl, Boscalid, Carbendazim, Carboxin, Oxycarboxin, Cyazofamid, Dazomet, Dithianon, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fenarimol, Fuberidazol, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Isoprothiolan, Mepronil, Nuarimol, Probenazol, Proquinazid, Pyrifenox, Pyroquilon, Quinoxyfen, Silthiofam, Thiabendazol, Thifluzamid, Thiophanat-methyl, Tiadinil, Tricyclazol, Triforine,
- • Kupferfungizide wie Bordeaux Brühe, Kupferacetat, Kupferoxychlorid, basisches Kupfersulfat,
- • Nitrophenylderivate, wie Binapacryl, Dinocap, Dinobuton, Nitrophthal-isopropyl,
- • Phenylpyrrole wie Fenpiclonil oder Fludioxonil,
- • Schwefel
- • Sonstige Fungizide wie Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Benthiavalicarb, Carpropamid, Chlorothalonil, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Dazomet, Diclomezin, Diclocymet, Diethofencarb, Edifenphos, Ethaboxam, Fenhexamid, Fentin-Acetat, Fenoxanil, Ferimzone, Fluazinam, Fosetyl, Fosetyl-Aluminium, Iprovalicarb, Hexachlorbenzol, Metrafenon, Pencycuron, Propamocarb, Phthalid, Toloclofos-methyl, Quintozene, Zoxamid
- • Sulfensäurederivate wie Captafol, Captan, Dichlofluanid, Folpet, Tolylfluanid
- • Zimtsäureamide und Analoge wie Dimethomorph, Flumetover oder Flumorph.
- Bevorzugte Mischungspartner sind Metalaxyl, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Guazatine, Spiroxamin, Tridemorph, Pyrimethanil, Cyrodinyl, Bitertanol, Bromoconazol, Cyproconazol, Difenoconazole, Dinitroconazol, Epoxiconazol, Fenbuconazol, Fluquiconazol, Flusilazol, Hexaconazol, Imazalil, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Penconazol, Propiconazol, Prochloraz, Prothioconazol, Tebuconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triflumizol, Triticonazol,
Iprodion, Vinclozolin, Maneb, Mancozeb, Metiram, Thiram, Boscalid, Carbendazim, Carboxin, Oxycarboxin, Cyazofamid, Dithianon, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fenarimol, Flutolanil, Quinoxyfen, Thiophanat-methyl, Triforine, Dinocap Nitrophthal-isopropyl, Phenylpyrrole wie Fenpiclonil oder Fludioxonil, Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Benthiavalicarb, Carpropamid, Chlorothalonil, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Fenhexamid, Fentin-Acetat, Fenoxanil, Fluazinam, Fosetyl, Fosetyl-Aluminium, Iprovalicarb, Metrafenon, Zoxamid, Captan, Folpet, Dimethomorph,
Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin oder Trifloxystrobin. - Besonders bevorzugte Mischungspartner sind Metalaxyl, Fenpropimorph, Fenpropidin, Guazatine, Spiroxamin, Pyrimethanil, Cyrodinyl, Cyproconazol, Difenoconazole, Epoxiconazol, Fenbuconazol, Fluquiconazol, Flusilazol, Hexaconazol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil Propiconazol, Prochloraz, Prothioconazol, Tebuconazol, Triticonazol, Iprodion, Vinclozolin, Boscalid, Carbendazim, Carboxin, Oxycarboxin, Cyazofamid, Dithianon, Quinoxyfen, Thiophanat-methyl, Dinocap Nitrophthalisopropyl, Fenpiclonil oder Fludioxonil, Benthiavalicarb, Carpropamid, Fenhexamid, Fenoxanil, Fluazinam Iprovalicarb, Metrafenon, Zoxamid.
- Dimethomorph, Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin oder Trifloxystrobin.
- Ganz besonders bevorzugte Mischungspartner sind Fenpropimorph; Cyproconazol, Difenoconazole, Epoxiconazol, Fenbuconazol, Fluquiconazol, Flusilazol, Hexaconazol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil Propiconazol, Prochloraz, Prothioconazol, Tebuconazol, Triticonazol,
Boscalid, Dithianon, Quinoxyfen, Thiophanat-methyl, Dinocap Fenpiclonil oder Fludioxonil,
Benthiavalicarb, Carpropamid, Fenhexamid, Fenoxanil, Fluazinam Iprovalicarb, Metrafenon, Zoxamid, Dimethomorph, Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoximmethyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin oder Trifloxystrobin. - Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen können verschiedene Mengen und Arten von Zusatzstoffen wie beispielsweise Lösungsmittel enthalten.
- So können beispielsweise für die Herstellung der statistischen radikalischen Polymere sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden. Je nach Art der gewünschten Formulierung können die Lösungsmittel weitestgehend entfernt werden.
- Weitestgehend entfernt bedeutet, dass der Anteil des in der Formulierung verbleibenden Lösemittels an der Gesamtmasse der Formulierung weniger als 10, bevorzugt weniger als 2 und insbesondere weniger als 0,5 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.
- Demgemäß betrifft die Erfindung auch Wirkstoffformulierungen in getrockneter, fester, d.h. weitestgehend vom Lösungsmittel befreiter Form.
- Die festen Wirkstoffformulierungen können in unterschiedlichen makroskopischen Formen vorliegen. Als Beispiele für makroskopische Formen seien sprühgetrocknetes Pulver, Mahlgut, Granulat oder Film genannt.
- Die in der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierung enthaltenen statistisch radikalischen Copolymere sind dazu geeignet, den oder die in der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierung enthaltenen Wirkstoffe) in wässrigen Systemen in Form von nanopartikulären Dispersionen zu dispergieren. Solche nanopartikulären Dispersionen umfassen mindestens eine kontinuierliche Phase, welche in der vorliegenden Erfindung ein wässriges System ist, und mindestens eine dispergierte Phase. Die nanopartikulären Dispersionen können weitere Zusatzstoffe enthalten.
- Daher betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ebenfalls wässrige Dispersionen enthaltend die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen, ein wässriges System und gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe.
- Solche Zusatzstoffe sind Dispergiermittel Andicker, Antischaummittel, Bakterizide und Frostschutzmittel.
- Unter wässrigem System wird reines Wasser oder Wasser enthaltend ein Puffersystem oder Salze oder weitere Zusatzstoffe wie beispielsweise mit Wasser mischbare Lösungsmittel oder Mischungen daraus verstanden.
- Der pH-Wert des wässrigen Systems liegt im allgemeinen im Bereich von 2 bis 13, bevorzugt von 3 bis 12, besonders bevorzugt von 4 bis 10.
- Die Erfindung betrifft auch Verfahren zur Herstellung von wässrigen Dispersionen enthaltend die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen und optional weitere Zusatzstoffe dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen mit einem wässrigen System in Kontakt bringt und in üblicher Weise dispergiert.
- Eine wichtige Eigenschaft der erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen ist die durch quasielastische Lichtstreuung ermittelte mittlere Teilchengröße der dispergierten Partikel, die erfindungsgemäß kleiner als 1 Mikrometer, bevorzugt kleiner als 500 Nanometer ist, besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 100 Nanometer ist. Dabei wird unter Teilchengröße der mittels quasielastischer Lichtstreuung ermittelte Teilchendurchmesser verstanden. Die Methode der quasielastischen Lichtstreuung mittels Faseroptik ist aus dem Stand der Technik, beispielsweise aus H. Auweter, D. Horn, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 105 (1985) 399, D. Lilge, D. Horn, Colloid Polym. Sci. 269 (1991) 704 oder H. Wiese, D. Horn, J. Chem. Phys. 94 (1991) 6429 bekannt.
- Als Dispergiermittel kommen anionische und nichtionische Tenside zum Einsatz. Anionische Tenside sind Alkylarylsulfonate, Phenylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylethersulfate, Alkylarylethersulfate, Alkylpolyglykoletherphosphate, Polyarylphenyletherphosphate, Alkylsulfosuccinate, Olefinsulfonate, Paraffinsulfonate, Petroleumsulfonate, Tauride, Sarkoside, Fettsäuren, Alkylnaphthalinsulfonsäuren, Naphthalinsulfonsäuren, Ligninsulfonsäuren, Kondensationsprodukte sulfonierter Naphthaline mit Formaldehyd oder mit Formaldehyd und Phenol und gegebenenfalls Harnstoff sowie Kondensationsprodukte aus Phenolsulfonsäure, Formaldehyd und Harnstoff, Lignin-Sulfit-Ablauge und Ligninsulfonate, einschließlich ihrer Alkali-, Erdalkali-, Ammonium- und Amin-Salze, Alkylphosphate sowie Polycarboxylate wie z.Bsp. Polyacrylate, Maleinsäureanhydrid/Olefin-Copolymere (z.Bsp. Sokalan® CP9, BASF).
- Nichtionische Tenside sind beispielsweise Alkylphenolalkoxylate, Alkoholalkoxylate, Fettaminalkoxylate, Polyoxyeethylenglycerolfettsäureester, Rizinusölalkoxylate, Fettsäurealkoxylate, Fettsäureamidalkoxylate, Fettsäurepolydiethanolamide, Lanolinethoxylate, Fettsäurepolyglykolester, Isotridecylalkohol, Fettsäureamide, Methylcellulose, Fettsäureester, Silicon-Öle, Alkylpolyglykoside, Glycerolfettsäureester, Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol, Polyethylenglykolpolypropylenglykol-Blockcopolymere, Polyethylenglykolalkylether, Polypropylenglykolalkylether, Polyethylenglykolpolypropylenglykolether-Blockcopolymere und deren Gemische.
- Bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside sind Polyethylenglykolpolypropylenglykol-Blockcopolymere, Polyethylenglykolalkylether, Polypropylenglykolalkylether, Polyethylenglykolpolypropylenglykolether-Blockcopolymere und deren Gemische.
- In der erfindungsgemäßen Dispersion enthaltend die Wirkstoffformulierung und ein wässriges System werden gegebenenfalls Tenside als Zusatzstoffe eingesetzt. Geeignete Tenside sind anionische Tenside und nichtionische Tenside, bevorzugt sind Gemische aus beiden.
- Für die erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen geeignete, die Viskosität verändernde Additive (Andicker) sind Verbindungen, die der Formulierung ein pseudoplastisches Fließverhalten verleihen, d.h. hohe Viskosität im Ruhezustand und niedrige Viskosität im bewegten Zustand. Hier sind beispielsweise Polysaccharide bzw. organische Schichtmineralien wie Xanthan Gum® (Kelzan® der Fa. Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhone Poulenc) oder Veegum® (Firma R.T. Vanderbilt) oder Attaclay® (Firma Engelhardt) zu nennen, wobei Xanthan-Gum® bevorzugt verwendet wird.
- Als für die erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen geeignete Antischaummittel kommen beispielsweise Silikonemulsionen (wie z.Bsp. Silikon® SRE, Firma Wacker oder Rhodorsil® der Firma Rhodia), langkettige Alkohole, Fettsäuren, fluororganische Verbindungen und deren Gemische in Betracht.
- Bakterizide können zur Stabilisierung den erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen zugesetzt werden. Geeignete Bakterizide sind beispielsweise Proxel® der Fa. ICI oder Acticide® RS der Fa. Thor Chemie und Kathon® MK der Firma Rohm & Haas.
- Geeignete Frostschutzmittel sind z.B. Ethylenglycol, Propylenglycol oder Glycerin.
- Gegebenenfalls können die erfindungsgemäßen Dispersionen 1–5 Gew.% Puffer bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der hergestellten Formulierung zur pH-Wert Regulation enthalten, wobei sich die Menge und Art des eingesetzten Puffers nach den chemischen Eigenschaften des Wirkstoffes bzw. der Wirkstoffe richtet. Beispiele für Puffer sind Alkalisalze schwacher anorganischer oder organischer Säuren wie z.B. Phosphorsäure, Borsäure, Essigsäure, Propionsäure, Citronensäure, Fumarsäure, Weinsäure, Oxalsäure und Bernsteinsäure.
- Gegenstand der Erfindung sind weiterhin Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den mindestens einen Wirkstoff und das mindestens eine statistische radikalische Copolymer getrennt voneinander in gleichen oder verschiedenen, bevorzugt miteinander mischbaren organischen Lösungsmitteln löst und die so erhaltenen Lösungen miteinander mischt und optional Zusatzstoffe hinzufügt oder
eine gemeinsame Lösung herstellt, indem man den mindestens einen Wirkstoff in einem organischen Lösungsmittel gelöst vorlegt und und das mindestens eine statistische radikalische Copolymer und optional weitere Zusatzstoffe hinzufügt und löst und
man anschließend das oder die Lösungsmittel in üblicher Weise weitestgehend entfernt. - Übliche Verfahren zur Entfernung von Lösungsmitteln sind beispielsweise Sprühtrocknung, Verdampfen bei erniedrigtem Druck, Gefriertrocknung, Verdampfen unter Atmosphärendruck bei gegebenenfalls erhöhter Temperatur. Zu den für die Trocknung geeigneten Verfahren gehören weiterhin Lyophilisierung oder Trocknen in einem Fließbetttrockner. Man erhält demnach die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen in getrockneter Form.
- Befindet sich das Copolymer synthesebedingt bereits in einem Lösungsmittel, so wird bevorzugt diese Lösung zur Mischung mit dem Wirkstoff oder der Wirkstofflösung herangezogen.
- In einem ersten Schritt werden demnach getrennte Lösungen des mindestens einen statistisch radikalischen Copolymers und des mindestens einen Wirkstoffes im gleichen oder in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln miteinander gemischt und optional werden weitere Zusatzstoffe zugegeben. Das Herstellen einer Lösung des Polymers entfällt, wenn die Synthese des Polymers in einem Lösungsmittel durchgeführt wird und diese Lösung zum Einsatz im Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Formulierung geeignet ist.
- In einem zweiten Schritt wird/werden das/die Lösungsmittel durch geeignete Verfahren in üblicher Weise weitestgehend entfernt.
- Gegenstand der Erfindung sind weiterhin Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstofftormulierung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man das mindestens eine statistische radikalische Copolymer (Komponente b) in wässrige Lösung bringt, den mindestens einen Wirkstoff (Komponente a) in einem oder mehreren organischen Lösungsmitteln, das oder die mit Wasser mischbar sind, löst, die Lösungen der Komponenten a und b miteinander mischt, optional weitere Zusatzstoffe hinzufügt und man durch Einbringen von Scherkräften die Wirkstoffformulierung in dispergierter Form erhält und anschließend die Lösungsmittel in üblicher Weise weitesgehend entfernt.
- Mischbar mit Wasser bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang, dass die organischen Lösungsmittel ohne Phasenseparation zu mindestens 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zu 15 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zu 20 Gew.-% mit Wasser mischbar sind.
- Besteht synthesebedingt bereits eine wässrige Lösung des Copolymers, so wird bevorzugt diese wässrige Lösung zur Mischung mit der Wirkstofflösung herangezogen.
- In einem ersten Schritt werden das oder die statistisch radikalischen Copolymere und gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe in einem wässrigen System gelöst, sofern eine solche wässrige Lösung nicht bereits unmittelbar aus dem Schritt der Polymersynthese erhalten wird. Des weiteren wird der Wirkstoff bzw. werden die Wirkstoffe in einem mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittel gebenenfalls unter Hinzufügen weiterer Zusatzstoffe gelöst.
- Die beiden Lösungen werden dann miteinander gemischt.
- Vorteilhaft für den Erhalt feiner Partikel beim Mischen der wässrigen und organischen Phase ist ein Energieeintrag wie beispielsweise die Anwendung von Scherkräften durch hochfrequentes und hochamplitudiges Schütteln oder hochfrequentes Rühren, Turbinieren oder durch Verwendung einer Mischkammer.
- Das Mischen kann in kontinuierlicher oder diskontinuierlicher Art und Weise erfolgen. Bevorzugt ist kontinuerliches Mischen.
- Die auf diese Art erhaltene Dispersion kann in üblicher Weise wie oben ausgeführt von den Lösungsmitteln befreit werden.
- Geeignete Lösungsmittel zur Durchführung der Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstofftormulierung sind C1-C6-Alkylalkohole wie Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Isopropanol, 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol, tert-Butanol, Ester, Ketone wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisopropylketon, Methylisobutylketon, Acetale, Ether, cyclische Ether wie Tetrahydrofuran, aliphatische Carbonsäuren wie Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Propionsäure, N-substituierte oder N,N-disubstituierte-Carbonsäureamide wie Acetamid, Carbonsäureester wie wie beispielsweise Essigester und Lactone wie beispielsweise Butyrolacton, Dimethylformamid (DMF) und Dimethylpropionamid, aliphatische und aromatische Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe wie Methylenchlorid, Chloroform, 1,2-Dichlorethan oder Chlorbenzol, N-Lactame sowie Mischungen genannter Lösungsmittel.
- Bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, Dimethylformamid, N-Methylpyrrolidon, Methylenchlorid, Chloroform, 1,2-Dichlorethan, Chlorbenzol, Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisopropylketon, Methylisobutylketon, Tetrahydrofuran sowie Mischungen genannter Lösungsmittel.
- Besonders bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, Dimethylformamid und Tetrahydrofuran.
- Geeignete Feststoffgehalte der Lösungen liegen im Konzentrationsbereich von 0,5 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent (Gew.-%), bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 20 Gew.-%.
- Die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen liegen nach Entfernen des oder der Lösungsmittel in einem getrockneten Zustand vor.
- Selbstverständlich können durch Einsatz von dem Fachmann bekannten Methoden und üblicher Zusatzstoffe die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffformulierungen auch in Form von Suspo- oder Emulsionskonzentraten vorliegen.
- Erfindungsgemäß können die Wirkstoffformulierungen Zusatzstoffe enthalten. Solche geeigneten Zusatzstoffe sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Dies können inerte Hilfsstoffe wie Öle unterschiedlicher Herkunft (Mineralöle, Steinkohlenteeröle, tierische und pflanzliche Öle), aliphatische und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie alkylierte Naphthaline, Alkohole wie Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol, Cyclohexanol, Ketone wie Cyclohexanon, polare Lösungsmittel und Amine wir N-Methylpyrrolidon sein.
- Bevorzugte Zusatzstoffe sind Stabilisatoren und Weichmacher.
- Geeignete Stabilisatoren können niedermolekulare Komponenten sein wie beispielsweise Mono- und Diglyceride, Ester der Monogylceride, Alkylglucoside, Lecithin, Fettsäurederivate von Harnstoff und Urethanen.
- Geeignete Weichmacher sind Saccharose, Glucose, Lactose, Fructose, Sorbit, Mannit oder Glycerin.
- Die nachfolgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung, ohne sie aber darauf einzuschränken:
- Beispiel 1:
- 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure-co-Phenoxyethylacrylat-co-n-Butylacrylat (Gewichtsverhältnis 17/33/50)
- 13.6 g Phenoxyethylacrylat, 26.4 g n-Butylacrylat, 40 g 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropansulfonsäure und 2.4 g Wako V60 (Azobisisobutyronitril) wurden in 712 g Dimethylformamid (DMF) gelöst. Die Vorlage wurde mit Stickstoff begast und auf 95°C erwärmt. Nach 4 Stunden unter Rühren wurden 0.8 g Wako V60 in 7.2 g DMF zugegeben und weitere 2 Stunden gerührt.
- Beispiel 2:
- 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure-co-n-Butylacrylat (Gewichtsverhältnis 50/50)
- 40 g n-Butylacrylat, 40 g 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsäure und 2.4 g Wako V60 (Azobisisobutyronitril) wurden in 712 g DMF gelöst. Die Vorlage wurde mit Stickstoff begast und auf 95°C erwärmt. Nach 4 Stunden unter Rühren wurden 0.8 g Wako V60 in 7.2 g DMF zugegeben und weitere 2 Stunden gerührt.
- Beispiel 3:
- Mittels quasielastischer Lichtstreuung bestimmte Teilchengrößen von nanopartikulären Dispersionen von Wirkstoffformulierungen mit unterschiedlichen Polymeren und unterschiedlichen Polymer-Wirkstoff-Verhältnissen.
- Gemessen wurde nach 2 und nach 24 Stunden.
AMPS: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure PEA: Phenoxyethylacrylat n-BA n-Butylacrylat - Die Gewichtsanteile der eingesetzten Monomere werden beispielsweise durch die Zahlenfolge 50/17/33 angegeben, so dass AMPS/PEA/n-BA 50/17/33 zu lesen ist als ein Polymer, das sich aufbaut aus den Monomeren 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure, Phenoxyethylacrylat und n-Butylacrylat im Gewichtsverhältnis 50 zu 17 zu 33.
- Beispiel 4:
- Molmassen der statistisch radikalischen Copolymere
- Die Molmassen der Polymere wurden mittels Größenausschlusschromatographie ermittelt. Als Kalibrationssystem dienten Polymethylmethacrylat-Eichproben.
-
- Beispiel 5:
- Fungizide Wirkung verschiedener erfindungsgemäßer Formulierungen von Pyraclostrubin in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration an appliziertem Wirkstoff. Die Bestimmung des Schadensbildes erfolgte an Weizen der Sorte Kanzler, der zuvor mit einem Pilz der Sorte Puccinia recondita infiziert worden war.
- Die Spalte „Wirkstoffformulierung" zeigt die qualitative und quantitative Zusammensetzung des jeweiligen statistischen radikalischen Copolymers mit dem der Wirkstoff in der Formulierung vorliegt. Das Gewichtsverhältnis Polymer-zu-Wirkstoff betrug für alle Formulierungen 2 zu 1.
- Die Spalte „Konzentration" gibt an, in welcher Konzentration die Wirkstoffformulierung appliziert wurde.
- Die Spalte „Bonitur" gibt auf einer Skala von 0 bis 100 den verbleibenden Pilzbefall nach der Behandlung an, wobei die Zahl 100 Vollbefall bedeutet. Der angegebene Wert ist ein Mittelwert aus drei Einzelwerten.
AMPS: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure
MA, EA, BA, PEA: Methyl-, Ethyl-, Butyl-, Phenoxyethylacrylat Tabelle 3:
Claims (26)
- Wirkstoffformulierung enthaltend a) mindestens einen Wirkstoff b) mindestens ein statistisches radikalisches Copolymer, aufgebaut aus den Monomeren i), ii) und optional weiteren Monomeren, wobei i) mindestens eine olefinisch ungesättigte Sulfonsäure der Formel I wobei n 0 bis 10 X O oder NR5 R1 Wasserstoff oder Methyl R2, R3 unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C1 bis C6-Alkyl R5 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können oder Salze davon oder Mischungen aus Säure und Salzen und ii) mindestens ein olefinisch ungesättigtes Monomer der Formel II wobei Y O oder NR5, R4 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R5, R6 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoal kyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können, bedeuten, und c) optional weitere Zusatzstoffe.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das mindestens eine statistische radikalische Copolymer aufgebaut ist aus i) mindestens einer olefinisch ungesättigten Sulfonsäure der Formel I gemäß Anspruch 1 oder Salzen davon oder Mischungen aus Säure und Salzen, ii) mindestens einem (Meth)acrylat der Formel IIa wobei m 0 bis 4 p 0 oder 1 R4 Wasserstoff oder Methyl R7, R8, R9 Wasserstoff, C1 bis C6-Alkyl, Halogen, Hydroxy, C1 bis C6-Alkoxy, wobei Alkyl und Alkoxy halogensubstituiert sein können bedeuten, und iii) optional weiteren olefinisch ungesättigten Monomeren der Formel IIb wobei Y O oder NR5, R10 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R5, R6 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können, bedeuten.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 mit Phenoxyethylacrylat als Monomer ii.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, wobei das Monomer i) 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure oder ein Salz davon oder eine Mischung aus Säure und Salz davon ist.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 4, wobei mindestens ein olefinisch ungesättigtes Monomer ii der Formel IIb entspricht, wobei R6 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können, bedeutet.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, wobei das mindestens eine statistische radikalische Copolymer aufgebaut ist aus i) 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure oder Salzen davon oder einer Mischung aus Säure und Salz davon ii) Phenoxyethylacrylat iii) mindestens einem olefinisch ungesättigten Monomer der Formel IIc wobei Y O R10 Wasserstoff oder Methyl, R5, R6 Wasserstoff, Alkyl, Aryl, Alkylaryl, Arylalkyl, Alkoxyalkyl, Aryloxyalkyl, Alkoxyaryl, Hydroxyalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoalkyl, (Di)Alkylaminoaryl, (Di)Arylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoalkyl, Alkylarylaminoaryl, wobei die Arylreste substituiert sein können, bedeuten.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, wobei das mindestens eine statistische radikalische Copolymer aufgebaut ist aus i) 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-propansulfonsäure oder Salzen davon oder einer Mischung aus Säure und Salz und ii) Phenoxyethylacrylat.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, wobei der Anteil der Sulfonsäure oder eines Salzes oder einer Mischung aus Säure und Salz an der Gesamtmasse des Copolymers 10 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, wobei der Anteil der Sulfonsäure oder eines Salzes davon oder einer Mischung aus Säure und Salz an der Gesamtmasse des Copolymers 30 bis 70 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, wobei das Verhältnis der Gewichtsanteile von Komponente a) zu Komponente b) im Bereich von 1:10 bis 10:1 liegt.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 10, wobei das Verhältnis der Gewichtsanteile von Komponente a) zu Komponente b). im Bereich von 1:4 bis 4:1 liegt.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 11, wobei das Verhältnis der Gewichtsanteile von Komponente a) zu Komponente b) im Bereich von 1:2 bis 2:1 liegt.
- Wirkstofftormulierung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 12, wobei Komponente a) ein Pflanzenschutzwirkstoff ist.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach Anspruch 13, wobei der mindestens eine Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Fungizide.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach Anspruch 14, wobei der mindestens eine Wirkstoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der Strobilurine.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach Anspruch 15, wobei der mindestens eine Wirkstoff Pyraclostrobin ist.
- Wirkstoffformulierung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 16 in fester Form.
- Wirkstoffformulierung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 16 in Form einer wässrigen Dispersion enthaltend gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach Anspruch 18, wobei der durch quasielastische Lichtstreuung bestimmte mittlere Teilchendurchmesser weniger als 1 Mikrometer beträgt.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 18 oder 19, wobei der durch quasielastische Lichtstreuung bestimmte mittlere Teilchendurchmesser weniger als 300 Nanometer beträgt.
- Wirkstoffformulierung nach den Ansprüchen 18 bis 20, wobei der durch quasielastische Lichtstreuung bestimmte mittlere Teilchendurchmesser weniger als 100 Nanometer beträgt.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von wässrigen Dispersionen dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Wirkstoffformulierungen nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 16, gegebenenfalls unter Zugabe eines oder mehrerer Zusatzstoffe, mit einem wässrigen System in Kontakt bringt und in üblicher Weise dispergiert.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wirkstoffformulierung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Komponenten a) und b) und gegebenenfalls c) sowie optional weitere Zusatzstoffe gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 16 getrennt voneinander in gleichen oder verschiedenen organischen Lösungsmitteln löst und die Lösungen miteinander mischt oder eine gemeinsame Lösung der Komponenten a) und b) und gegebenenfalls c) sowie optional weiteren Zusatzstoffen herstellt, indem man eine der Komponenten in einem organischen Lösungsmittel gelöst vorlegt, die weiteren Komponenten hinzufügt und löst und man anschließend das Lösungsmittel in üblicher Weise entfernt.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wirkstoffformulierung dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Komponente b) gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 16 sowie optional weitere Zusatzstoffe in wässrige Lösung bringt, die Komponenten a) und gegebenenfalls c) gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 16 sowie optional weitere Zusatzstoffe in einem oder mehreren mit Wasser mischbaren organischen Lösungsmitteln löst, die Lösungen der Komponenten miteinander mischt, und man durch Energieeintrag die Wirkstoffformulierung in dispergierter Form erhält und anschließend die Lösungsmittel in üblicher Weise weitestgehend entfernt.
- Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen oder Schadpilzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Schädlinge oder Schadpilze, deren Le bensraum oder die von ihnen freizuhaltenden Pflanzen, Flächen, Materialien oder Räume mit einer wirksamen Menge einer Formulierung gemäß den Ansprüchen 13 bis 21 behandelt.
- Verfahren zur Bekämpfung unerwünschten Pflanzenwachstums, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die unerwünschten Pflanzen und/oder ihren Lebensraum mit einer herbizid wirksamen Menge einer Formulierung gemäß den Ansprüchen 13 bis 21 behandelt.
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| AU2004296743B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2010-08-05 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Submicron mesotrione compositions |
| US20080090886A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2008-04-17 | Reimer Gottsche | Aqueous Fungicidal Composition And Use Thereof For Combating Harmful Micro Organisms |
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-
2003
- 2003-10-30 DE DE10351004A patent/DE10351004A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-10-19 DE DE502004012424T patent/DE502004012424D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-19 EA EA200600703A patent/EA011824B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-19 AU AU2004289034A patent/AU2004289034A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-19 JP JP2006537128A patent/JP4694497B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-19 WO PCT/EP2004/011797 patent/WO2005046328A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-10-19 EP EP04790621A patent/EP1681923B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-19 BR BRPI0415902A patent/BRPI0415902B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-19 KR KR1020067008231A patent/KR20060097120A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-19 ES ES04790621T patent/ES2364660T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-19 CN CN2004800326015A patent/CN1874677B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-19 AT AT04790621T patent/ATE505951T1/de active
- 2004-10-19 CA CA2543553A patent/CA2543553C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-19 US US10/576,921 patent/US7994227B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-04-06 IL IL174824A patent/IL174824A0/en unknown
- 2006-04-26 CR CR8368A patent/CR8368A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006000592A1 (de) | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verwendung von ethergruppen enthaltenden polymeren als lösungsvermittler |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1874677B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
| CA2543553A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| JP4694497B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 |
| EP1681923B1 (de) | 2011-04-20 |
| EP1681923A1 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
| US7994227B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
| US20070122436A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
| CR8368A (es) | 2006-10-05 |
| CA2543553C (en) | 2012-04-10 |
| EA200600703A1 (ru) | 2006-08-25 |
| ES2364660T3 (es) | 2011-09-08 |
| ATE505951T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
| BRPI0415902B1 (pt) | 2016-11-29 |
| DE502004012424D1 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
| BRPI0415902A (pt) | 2007-01-16 |
| WO2005046328A1 (de) | 2005-05-26 |
| KR20060097120A (ko) | 2006-09-13 |
| EA011824B1 (ru) | 2009-06-30 |
| AU2004289034A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| IL174824A0 (en) | 2006-08-20 |
| JP2007509869A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
| CN1874677A (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
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