DK147202B - Fremgangsmaade til udvinding af maltosephosphorylase og beta-phosphoglucosemutase som raaekstrakt eller i beriget form og anvendelse af den fremstillede ekstrakt - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaade til udvinding af maltosephosphorylase og beta-phosphoglucosemutase som raaekstrakt eller i beriget form og anvendelse af den fremstillede ekstrakt Download PDFInfo
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- DK147202B DK147202B DK359878AA DK359878A DK147202B DK 147202 B DK147202 B DK 147202B DK 359878A A DK359878A A DK 359878AA DK 359878 A DK359878 A DK 359878A DK 147202 B DK147202 B DK 147202B
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- glucose
- phosphoglucosmutase
- maltosephosphoryphlase
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000000287 crude extract Substances 0.000 description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 8
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- XJLXINKUBYWONI-DQQFMEOOSA-N [[(2r,3r,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2s,3r,4s,5s)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 XJLXINKUBYWONI-DQQFMEOOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RWHOZGRAXYWRNX-VFUOTHLCSA-N alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1O RWHOZGRAXYWRNX-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HXXFSFRBOHSIMQ-DVKNGEFBSA-N beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O HXXFSFRBOHSIMQ-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 108040005050 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- BIRSGZKFKXLSJQ-SQOUGZDYSA-N 6-Phospho-D-gluconate Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O BIRSGZKFKXLSJQ-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N D-Glucose 6-phosphate Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFRROHXSMXFLSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glc6P Natural products OP(=O)(O)OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VFRROHXSMXFLSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-DVKNGEFBSA-N alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate Chemical compound O[C@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100031126 6-phosphogluconolactonase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010029731 6-phosphogluconolactonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710102459 Beta-phosphoglucomutase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090001003 Beta-phosphoglucomutases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100459440 Caenorhabditis elegans nac-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010018962 Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186840 Lactobacillus fermentum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000535428 Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192132 Leuconostoc Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100024295 Maltase-glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 201000009906 Meningitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD55895 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(OC3C(OC(O)C(O)C3O)CO)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYHNZXHNEJUCJR-JGWLITMVSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)C=O SYHNZXHNEJUCJR-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010028144 alpha-Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007824 enzymatic assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940012969 lactobacillus fermentum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UYQJCPNSAVWAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N malto-tetraose Natural products OC1C(O)C(OC(C(O)CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UYQJCPNSAVWAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-OUBHKODOSA-N maltotetraose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-OUBHKODOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011533 pre-incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
- C12N9/1051—Hexosyltransferases (2.4.1)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
- C12Q1/40—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving amylase
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Description
147202
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde til udvinding af maltosephosphorylase og,3-phosphoglucosemutase som.råekstrakt eller i beriget form af mikroorganismer og anvendelsen af de således fremstillede ekstrakter.
Det er kendt, at maltosephosphorylase forekommer i Neisseria meningiti-dis (J. Biol. Chem. 199, 153 (1952)), i ikke identificerede øllactoba-ciller (Biochem. J. 78, 204 (1961)) og i Lactobacillus brevis IFO 3345 = ATCC 8287 (Agr. Biol. Chem. 37, 2813 (1973)) og kan udvindes heraf.
2 147202
Forekomst af β-phosphoglucosemutase er kendt i kaninmuskler, i gær og Neisseria meningitidis (J. Biol. Chem. 236, 2186 (1961)), samt Lacto-bacillus brevis ATCC 8287.
De to nævnte enzymer er teknisk af interesse, da de sammen kan anvendes til bestemmelse af α-amylase, et diagnostisk meget vigtigt enzym. Denne bestemmelse er baseret på hydrolyse af stivelse med α-amylasen under dannelse af maltose. Den således dannede maltose bliver af maltosephos-phorylase (MP) i nærværelse af phosphat spaltet i glucose og β-glucose-1-phosphat, og sidstnævnte omdannes af β-phosphoglucosemutasen (3PGM) til a-glucose-6-phosphat, som så på kendt måde i nærværelse af glucose- 6-phosphat-dehydrogenase (G6PGH) reducerer NAD til NADH og derved selv overgår til 6-phosphogluconat. Det således dannede NADH er dermed et mål for α-amylaseaktiviteten.
Til kliniske prøver med kombinerede enzymatiske reaktioner, hvori der således skal anvendes flere enzymer, spiller det en afgørende rolle, om de nødvendige enzymer er let tilgængelige og uden stort besvær kan bringes i en til analysen egnet form. For prisen for sådanne enzymatiske bestemmelser afgøres i det væsentlige af prisen på de hertil anvendte enzymer. Det er særlig gunstigt, hvis der af et enkelt udgangsmateriale kan opnås flere til en bestemt prøve anvendte enzymer samtidig.
Blandt de hidtil kendte udgangsmaterialer forekommer de to ovennævnte enzymer ganske vist i Neisseria meningitidis sammen i en form, som muliggør deres anvendelse til en a-amylaseprøve uden forudgående adskillelse. Det er dog en betydelig ulempe, at det drejer sig om en yderst farlig og virulent mikroorganisme, som kun under største forsigtigheds-foranstaltninger kan anvendes som kilde til industrielt anvendte enzymer. Desuden er de fundne aktiviteter af de nævnte enzymer utilfredsstillende i denne mikroorganisme. Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287 indeholder desuden α-glucosidase, et ved anvendelsen forstyrrende enzym, således at en oprensning her er uomgængelig.
Det er derfor den foreliggende opfindelses opgave at skaffe en fremgangsmåde til samtidig udvinding af MP og β-PMG, som undgår anvendelse af den farlige Neisseria meningitidis, og som muliggør en simpel udvinding af enzymerne ud fra let tilgængelige, uskadelige udgangsmaterialer.
3 147202
Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen til udvinding af maltosephosphory-lase og β-phos'phoglucomutase som råekstakt eller i beriget form uden adskillelse af mikroorganismer, ér· Uoverensstemmelse hermed ejendommelig ved, at.ekstrakten udvindesdf Lactobacillasbrsvis NCIB 8836, 8561, 8562, DSM 20054, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 20174 og dsm 43, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016, Lactobacillus fermentum DSM 20052, Streptococcus spec. DSM 1118, DSM 1119, BSM 1120 og/eller DSM 1121.
Overraskende har det vist sig, at de to nævnte enzymer er indeholdt sammen i de ovenfor anførte mikroorganismer i høj aktivitet og let kan udvindes deraf.
Til anvendelsen til α-amylasebestemmelsen kan råekstrakten af de nævnte mikroorganismer anvendes direkte. Til dette formål bliver mikroorganismerne oplukket ved sædvanlige fysiske metoder, f.eks. med ultralyd, ved højtryksdispersion, udrivning eller lignende, uopløselige fragmenter fraskilles, og den klare overliggende væske anvendes som sådan eller i frysetørret form til bestemmelsen af α-amylase. Eventuelt kan disse råekstrakter også underkastes en yderligere rensning. Da en adskillelse af de to enzymer skal undgås til anvendelsen til a-amylasebestemmelsen, sker den videre rensning fortrinsvis under anvendelse af en prøve, ved hvilken den samlede aktivitet af de to enzymer bestemmes efter hvert rensningstrin, idet man tilsætter en egnet stødpude såsom maltose, NADP
og G6PDH og måler dannelsen af NADPH. Fortrinsvis aktiveres herved en- 2+ zymerne MP og β-PMG ved tilsætning af a-glukose-l,6-diphosphat og Mn -ioner, f.eks. i form af mangansulfat eller et andet organisk eller uorganisk mangansalt.
Opfindelsen angår endvidere anvendelsen af maltosephosphorylase og β-phosphoglucosemutase, som fås ved fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, som råekstraktrakt eller i beriget form til bestemmelse af α-amylase, eventuelt under tilsætning af a-glucose-1,6-diphosphat 2+ og/eller Mn -ioner.
Opfindelsen gør det muligt at udvinde de to nævnte enzymer på væsentligt simplere og billigere måde og i en form, hvori de kan anvendes direkte uden forudgående adskillelse til bestemmelse af α-amylase. Udførelsen af en sådan bestemmelse forenkles og lettes derved væsentligt.
Opfindelsen belyses nærmere af følgende eksempler.
Eksempel 1 4 147202
De i følgende tabel anførte mikroorganismer dyrkes på et medium indeholdende 1% maltose ifølge Kamogawa (Agr. Biol. Chem. 37, 2813 (1973)) og oplukkes derefter ved højtryksdispersion. Efter fracentrifugering af de uopløselige dele blev den fremkomne råekstrakt undersøgt direkte for sin egnethed til a-amylasebestemmelse efter følgende skema: . „ a-amylase
Stivelse + H20 ---^ maltose 3-
Maltose + PO^ MP^ glucose + β-glucose-l-phosphat β-glucose-l-phosphat —^^^^glucose-6-phosphat
Glucose-6-phosphat + NAD+ 6-phosphogluconat + NADH +H+
Til konstatering af egnetheden af råekstrakten blev anvendt følgende forsøgssats: 3,4 ml 0,1 M phosphatstødpude + a-glucose-l/6-diphosphat (c =0,05), pH 6,5 0,1 ml MnS04 1% .
1,0 ml 0,2 M Maltose(Merck, til biokemiske formål) 0,5 ml råekstrakt
Inkubation: 1 time ved 37°C
Stop: 1 ml prøve - 3 minutter/100°C, derefter centrifugering og anvendelse af 0,25 ml overstående væske til følgende bestemmelse: modificeret a-glucose-6-phosphatprøve: 2,54 ml 0,3 M TRA-stødpude, pH 7,6 0,1 ml 0,1 M MgCl2 0,1 ml NADP (c = 10) 0,25 ml overstående væske.
Start: 0,01 ml G6PDH (c = 1) T = 25°, måling af ΔΕ0,,.
366 Følgende tabel viser de opnåede resultater: 5 147202
Stamme ΔΕ (NADPH)^
Lactob. brevis NCIB 8836 0,850
Lactob. plantarum DSM 20174 0,675
Lactob. reuteri DSM 20016 0,252
Lactob. brevis NCIB 8561 0,150
Lactob. brevis NCIB 8562 0,100
Lactob. plantarum DSM 43 0,090
Streptococcus spec. DSM 1118 0,115
Streptococcus spec. DSM 1119 0,125
Streptococcus spec. DSM 1120 0,210
Streptococcus spec. DSM 1121 0,110 ^ΔΕ korrelerer direkte med ΜΡ/β-PGM-aktiviteten Eksempel 2
Der blev anvendt et reagens, som havde følgende sammensætning:
Phosphatstødpude 20 mM; pH 6,5
NAD 2 mM
Maltotetraose 10 mM
Opløselig stivelse
Glucose-l,6-diphosphat spor Råekstrakt af lactob. plantarum DSM 20174 indeholdende maltosephosphorylase 3 U/ml og gr-phosphoglucomutase 1 U/ml G6PDH (Leuconostoc mesent.) 9 U/ml opløst i vand
Den fremkomne opløsning blev inkuberet ved 30°C, og prøveopløsningen blev tilsat, og efter 5 minutters forinkubering blev i et fotometer målt extinktionsdifferencen ved Hg 334 nm i 5 minutter. For 2,0 ml reagens og 0,10 ml prøve fås følgende beregningsformel for aktiviteten af α-amylase i prøven: U/l = ΔΕ/min x |^U^50__=AE/min x i699
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2748036 | 1977-10-26 | ||
| DE2748036A DE2748036C2 (de) | 1977-10-26 | 1977-10-26 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Maltose-phosphorylase oder/und β-Phosphoglucose-mutase und Verwendung derselben |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK359878A DK359878A (da) | 1979-04-27 |
| DK147202B true DK147202B (da) | 1984-05-14 |
| DK147202C DK147202C (da) | 1984-11-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK359878A DK147202C (da) | 1977-10-26 | 1978-08-15 | Fremgangsmaade til udvinding af maltosephosphorylase og beta-phosphoglucosemutase som raaekstrakt eller i beriget form og anvendelse af den fremstillede ekstrakt |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4237221A (da) |
| JP (2) | JPS6054036B2 (da) |
| BE (1) | BE871530A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1118379A (da) |
| CH (1) | CH645669A5 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE2748036C2 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK147202C (da) |
| FR (1) | FR2407263A1 (da) |
| GB (1) | GB2006784B (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1099048B (da) |
| NL (1) | NL7808428A (da) |
| SE (1) | SE446461B (da) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT362526B (de) * | 1977-09-13 | 1981-05-25 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Verfahren und reagens zur bestimmung von alpha- -amylase |
| US4932871A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1990-06-12 | Miles Inc. | Rapid method for preparing chromogenic alpha-amylase substrate compounds at high preparative yields |
| JP3691875B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-31 | 2005-09-07 | 昭和産業株式会社 | 耐熱性マルトースホスホリラーゼ、その製造方法、その製造に使用する菌、および該酵素の使用方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4097336A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1978-06-27 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Reagent system for beta-amylase assay |
| US4162194A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1979-07-24 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Kinetic assay for acid phosphotase and composition therefore |
| US4036697A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1977-07-19 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Kinetic assay for alpha-amylase |
-
1977
- 1977-10-26 DE DE2748036A patent/DE2748036C2/de not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-08-14 NL NL7808428A patent/NL7808428A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-08-15 DK DK359878A patent/DK147202C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-15 CA CA000309348A patent/CA1118379A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-06 IT IT27394/78A patent/IT1099048B/it active
- 1978-09-27 SE SE7810143A patent/SE446461B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-17 FR FR7829555A patent/FR2407263A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-10-20 US US05/953,723 patent/US4237221A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-10-23 CH CH1094978A patent/CH645669A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-25 BE BE191337A patent/BE871530A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-10-25 GB GB7841853A patent/GB2006784B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-26 JP JP53131079A patent/JPS6054036B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-06-24 JP JP60136218A patent/JPS6178400A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2407263A1 (fr) | 1979-05-25 |
| DK147202C (da) | 1984-11-19 |
| DE2748036A1 (de) | 1979-05-10 |
| JPS5480488A (en) | 1979-06-27 |
| NL7808428A (nl) | 1979-05-01 |
| US4237221A (en) | 1980-12-02 |
| JPS6054036B2 (ja) | 1985-11-28 |
| FR2407263B1 (da) | 1984-10-19 |
| CA1118379A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
| DE2748036C2 (de) | 1986-08-21 |
| GB2006784B (en) | 1982-01-27 |
| CH645669A5 (de) | 1984-10-15 |
| SE7810143L (sv) | 1979-04-27 |
| IT7827394A0 (it) | 1978-09-06 |
| GB2006784A (en) | 1979-05-10 |
| IT1099048B (it) | 1985-09-18 |
| SE446461B (sv) | 1986-09-15 |
| BE871530A (fr) | 1979-04-25 |
| JPS6178400A (ja) | 1986-04-21 |
| DK359878A (da) | 1979-04-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBP | Patent lapsed |