DK200100314A - Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces - Google Patents
Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK200100314A DK200100314A DK200100314A DKPA200100314A DK200100314A DK 200100314 A DK200100314 A DK 200100314A DK 200100314 A DK200100314 A DK 200100314A DK PA200100314 A DKPA200100314 A DK PA200100314A DK 200100314 A DK200100314 A DK 200100314A
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- implant
- tissue
- base body
- outer zone
- surface modification
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/306—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/303 - A61L27/32
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L29/10—Inorganic materials
- A61L29/106—Inorganic materials other than carbon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/082—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/088—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/084 or A61L31/086
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
PATENTKRAV 1. Implantat, særligt et hofteimplantat, et tandimplantat, en knogleskrue, en fikseringsstift eller et fikseringssøm (pin-fixation) , omfattende et metallisk grundlegeme (1), hvilket implantat har en overflade, som er modificeret med et materiale, der indholder et vævsvenligt metal, såsom tantal eller niob, til dannelse af en overflademodificering (4) kendetegnet ved, at i det mindste det vævsvenlige metal er legeret med overfladen og udgør en ensartet, diffusionstæt yderzone (2) på legemet (1), hvilken yderzone (2) har større duktilitet end det metalliske grundlegeme (1). 2. Implantat ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det metalliske grundlegeme (1) består af en CoCrMo-legering. 3. Implantat ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at grundlegemet er modificeret ved en saltsmelteproces til en tykkelse af yderzonen (2) på ca. 2-14 pm, fortrinsvis mere end 5 pm og mindre end 12 pm, og særligt 8-10 pm. 4. Implantat ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at grundlegemet (1) er modificeret ved en CVD-proces til en tykkelse af yderzonen (2) på ca. 10-35 pm, fortrinsvis mere end 12 pm og mindre end 25 pm, særligt 12-17 pm. 5. Implantat ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at det vævsvenlige metal består af tantal. 6. Implantat ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at det vævsvenlige metal består af a-tantal. 7. Implantat ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at implantatet har tryk- spændinger i overfladen. 8. Implantat ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at overflademodificeringen (4) desuden omfatter en legeringszone (3) indlegeret i overfladen af grundlegemet (1), idet der i legeringszonen (3) er gradvist stigende koncentration af modificeringsmateriale i retning mod overfladen af yderzonen (2), mens koncentrationen af grundlegemets legering gradvist aftager i retning mod overfladen af yderzonen (2). 9. Implantat ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at implantatet har styrkemæssige egenskaber, der i det væsentlige svarer til de styrkemæssige egenskaber af den knogle implantatet indsættes i. 10. Implantat ifølge et af de foregående krav, kendetegnet ved, at implantatet er en fikseringsstift eller et fikseringssøm (pin-fixation) med en diameter under 10 mm. 11. Implantat ifølge et af kravene 1-10, kendetegnet ved, at overfladen af implantatet yderligere er modificeret med et indvækstfremmende stof, såsom calcium eller hydroxyapatit. 12. Implantatoverflademodificeringsproces, der modificerer en overflade af et implantat, særligt et hofteimplantat, et tandimplantat, en knogleskrue eller lignende, omfattende et metallisk grundlegeme (1), hvilket implantat modificeres med et materiale, der indeholder et vævsvenligt metal, såsom tantal eller niob, kendetegnet ved, at modificeringen omfatter en CVD- eller saltsmelteproces med det vævsvenlige materiale, som ved processen indlegeres i overfladen af legemet (1), hvorved overfladen får en legeringszone (3), idet det tillegerede materiale diffunderer op til nogle mikrometer ind legemet (1) , og tilførsel af materiale fortsættes indtil der er dannet en yderzone (2) med en ensartet, diffusionstæt overflade af i det væsentlige rent vævsvenligt metal, idet legeringszonen (3) går gradvist over i den diffusionstætte yderzone (2).
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK200100314A DK174876B1 (da) | 2001-02-26 | 2001-02-26 | Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces |
| AT02711785T ATE272413T1 (de) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-12 | Implantat und verfahren zur veränderung von implantatoberflächen |
| ES02711785T ES2225772T3 (es) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-12 | Implante y procedimiento para modificar la superficie de un implante. |
| EP02711785A EP1363683B1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-12 | Implant and process of modifying an implant surface |
| PCT/DK2002/000099 WO2002068007A1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-12 | Implant and process of modifying an implant surface |
| DE60200884T DE60200884T2 (de) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-12 | Implantat und verfahren zur veränderung von implantatoberflächen |
| US10/469,012 US7156851B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-12 | Implant and process of modifying an implant surface |
| US10/469,017 US7150818B2 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Process for electrochemical deposition of tantalum and an article having a surface modification |
| ES02700187T ES2236479T3 (es) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Un procedimiento para la deposicion electroquimica de tantalio. |
| DE60202592T DE60202592T2 (de) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen abscheidung von tantal |
| AT02700187T ATE286996T1 (de) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen abscheidung von tantal |
| PCT/DK2002/000127 WO2002068729A1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | A process for electrochemical deposition of tantalum and an article having a surface modification |
| EP02700187A EP1364079B1 (en) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | A process for electrochemical deposition of tantalum |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK200100314 | 2001-02-26 | ||
| DK200100314A DK174876B1 (da) | 2001-02-26 | 2001-02-26 | Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK200100314A true DK200100314A (da) | 2002-08-27 |
| DK174876B1 DK174876B1 (da) | 2004-01-12 |
Family
ID=8160304
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK200100314A DK174876B1 (da) | 2001-02-26 | 2001-02-26 | Implantat og implantatoverflademodificeringsproces |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7156851B2 (da) |
| EP (2) | EP1363683B1 (da) |
| AT (2) | ATE272413T1 (da) |
| DE (2) | DE60200884T2 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK174876B1 (da) |
| ES (2) | ES2225772T3 (da) |
| WO (2) | WO2002068007A1 (da) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007518528A (ja) * | 2004-01-22 | 2007-07-12 | イソフラックス・インコーポレイテッド | バイオメディカル装置用の放射線不透過性コーティング |
| WO2006004645A2 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2006-01-12 | Isoflux, Inc. | Porous coatings for biomedical implants |
| DE112005002435B4 (de) * | 2004-10-01 | 2014-01-02 | Kyoto University | Salzschmelzebad, Abscheidung erhalten unter Verwendung des Salzschmelzebades, Herstellungsverfahren für ein Metallprodukt und Metallprodukt |
| ITTO20040692A1 (it) * | 2004-10-08 | 2005-01-08 | Torino Politecnico | Dispositivi prostetici medicali biocompatibili a base di leghe di cobalto e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
| US7150929B2 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2006-12-19 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Fuel cell coolers with inverse flow and condensation zone |
| CA2532388A1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-07-07 | Inframat Corporation | Coated medical devices and methods of making and using |
| DE102005058125B3 (de) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-07-19 | BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Substrates mit biokompatibler Oberfläche und das damit hergestellte Substrat |
| US20080069854A1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-03-20 | Inframat Corporation | Medical devices and methods of making and using |
| CN101588826A (zh) * | 2006-08-02 | 2009-11-25 | 英孚拉玛特公司 | 腔支撑装置及其制造及使用方法 |
| WO2008017156A1 (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2008-02-14 | Cardarelli Francois | Composite metallic materials, uses thereof and process for making same |
| DE202006012902U1 (de) * | 2006-08-16 | 2006-10-19 | Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg | Implantat |
| WO2008088097A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Postech Foundation | Fabrication of freestanding micro hollow tubes by template-free localized electrochemical deposition |
| CN101657564A (zh) | 2007-02-12 | 2010-02-24 | 莲花应用技术有限责任公司 | 用原子层沉积制备复合材料 |
| EP2014259A1 (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | Astra Tech AB | A bone tissue implant comprising lithium ions |
| EP2014319A1 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-14 | Astra Tech AB | A bone tissue implant comprising strontium ions |
| EP2211754B1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2013-12-04 | Straumann Holding AG | Dental implant system |
| WO2009065410A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Danfoss A/S | Object having a ductile and corrosion resistant surface layer |
| US8652505B2 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2014-02-18 | Southwest Research Institute | Coating for medical implants |
| US10232090B2 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2019-03-19 | Southwest Research Institute | Electrophoretically deposited strontium fluoride nanoparticle/polymer coatings for medical implants |
| US10399166B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2019-09-03 | General Electric Company | System and method for machining workpiece of lattice structure and article machined therefrom |
| CN115068677B (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-03-15 | 北京市春立正达医疗器械股份有限公司 | 一种多功能生物型填充物及套件 |
| CN116636915B (zh) * | 2023-06-15 | 2025-12-30 | 湖南华翔医疗科技有限公司 | 一种经钽修饰的骨植入物、制备方法及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2215151C3 (de) * | 1972-03-28 | 1979-05-23 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zum Herstellen von dünnen Schichten aus Tantal |
| JPS5948873B2 (ja) * | 1980-05-14 | 1984-11-29 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | 耐食性被覆を設けた電極基体又は電極の製造方法 |
| US4743308A (en) | 1987-01-20 | 1988-05-10 | Spire Corporation | Corrosion inhibition of metal alloys |
| EP0555033B1 (en) | 1992-02-07 | 1999-05-26 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Surface hardened biocompatible metallic medical implants |
| US5282861A (en) | 1992-03-11 | 1994-02-01 | Ultramet | Open cell tantalum structures for cancellous bone implants and cell and tissue receptors |
| DK169354B1 (da) | 1992-07-08 | 1994-10-10 | Danfoss As | Smeltebad og fremgangsmåde til elektrolytisk overfladebelægning med refractory metaller fra fluoridholdige saltsmelter |
| JPH0657479A (ja) | 1992-08-12 | 1994-03-01 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 溶融塩電解によるタンタルめっき方法 |
| RU2121532C1 (ru) | 1997-04-17 | 1998-11-10 | Институт химии и технологии редких элементов и минерального сырья Кольского научного центра РАН | Способ электролитического нанесения покрытия тугоплавким металлом |
| SE513556C2 (sv) | 1997-11-11 | 2000-10-02 | Nobel Biocare Ab | Implantatelement med tunt ytskickt applicerat genom het isostatisk pressning |
| DE29810483U1 (de) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-10-14 | Micro Science Medical AG, 75443 Ötisheim | Oberflächenimplantation oder Oberflächenbeschichtung für Stents oder andere Implantate |
| US6203684B1 (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2001-03-20 | Faraday Technology Marketing Group, Llc | Pulse reverse electrodeposition for metallization and planarization of a semiconductor substrates |
| US6063442A (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2000-05-16 | Implex Corporation | Bonding of porous materials to other materials utilizing chemical vapor deposition |
| US6475234B1 (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2002-11-05 | Medinol, Ltd. | Balloon expandable covered stents |
| SE9804536D0 (sv) * | 1998-12-23 | 1998-12-23 | A & Science Invest Ab | Biological implant and method for production thereof |
| DE29915092U1 (de) | 1999-07-15 | 2000-01-20 | Gebr. Dingerkus GmbH & Co. KG, 57439 Attendorn | Vorrichtung zur Befestigung eines Handgriffes an einem Koch- oder Bratgefäß |
-
2001
- 2001-02-26 DK DK200100314A patent/DK174876B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-02-12 WO PCT/DK2002/000099 patent/WO2002068007A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-12 DE DE60200884T patent/DE60200884T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-12 EP EP02711785A patent/EP1363683B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-12 US US10/469,012 patent/US7156851B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-12 ES ES02711785T patent/ES2225772T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-12 AT AT02711785T patent/ATE272413T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-26 AT AT02700187T patent/ATE286996T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-26 ES ES02700187T patent/ES2236479T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 WO PCT/DK2002/000127 patent/WO2002068729A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-02-26 US US10/469,017 patent/US7150818B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 EP EP02700187A patent/EP1364079B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 DE DE60202592T patent/DE60202592T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60202592D1 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
| EP1363683B1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| DE60202592T2 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
| WO2002068007A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
| US7156851B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
| ATE272413T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
| ES2236479T3 (es) | 2005-07-16 |
| WO2002068729A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
| ATE286996T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
| EP1364079B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| DE60200884D1 (de) | 2004-09-09 |
| EP1364079A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| DE60200884T2 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
| US20050258047A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| EP1363683A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| US20040068323A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| DK174876B1 (da) | 2004-01-12 |
| US7150818B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 |
| ES2225772T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
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