DK2976208T3 - Fremgangsmåde til termoformning af et pladelignende element af kompositpolymermateriale og en form fungerende i overenstem-melse med fremgangsmåden. - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåde til termoformning af et pladelignende element af kompositpolymermateriale og en form fungerende i overenstem-melse med fremgangsmåden. Download PDF

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DK2976208T3
DK2976208T3 DK14710920.1T DK14710920T DK2976208T3 DK 2976208 T3 DK2976208 T3 DK 2976208T3 DK 14710920 T DK14710920 T DK 14710920T DK 2976208 T3 DK2976208 T3 DK 2976208T3
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mold
male
female
pins
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Stefano Pasqualin
Leo Sartor
Paolo Simone Toffano
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Composite Solutions S R L
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/261—Handling means, e.g. transfer means, feeding means
    • B29C51/262—Clamping means for the sheets, e.g. clamping frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/02—Combined thermoforming and manufacture of the preform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • B29C51/082—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only by shaping between complementary mould parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/12—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/16—Lining or labelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0045—Perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0081—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2795/00—Printing on articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state
    • B29C2795/002—Printing on articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state before shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
    • B29C51/145—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets having at least one layer of textile or fibrous material combined with at least one plastics layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/18—Thermoforming apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/44—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/541—Positioning reinforcements in a mould, e.g. using clamping means for the reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B29L2009/001—Layered products the layers being loose

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Fremgangsmåde til termoformning af et pladelignende element (10) af kompositpolymer-materiale, hvori et centralt område (11) og et perifert område (12), som omgiver det centrale område, er defineret, hvor fremgangsmåden omfatter: - at tilvejebringe en form (1), som indbefatteret hanelement (3), der er formet i en udformning som det er tilsigtet at overføre til det pladelignende element, og et hunelement (4), som er modsat formet i forhold til hanelementet, hvor han- og hunelementerne kan forskydes mellem en driftsstilling af formen, hvori de presses mod hinanden, og en ikke-driftsstilling, hvori de er anbragt i afstand fra hinanden, - at anbringe det pladelignende element (10) på formen således, at dets centrale område (11) er anbragt mellem hanelementet og hunelementet, når det forskydes til ikke-driftsstil-lingen, - at holde det perifere område (12) af det pladelignende element ved hjælp afen flerhed af stifter (7), som har en fri ende (7a), og som er tilknyttet formen, og som er i indgreb med en tilsvarende flerhed af huller (13), som er tilvejebragt i det perifere område, - at forskyde hanelementet (3) og hunelementet (4) hen imod driftsstillingen, indtil de støder op til det pladelignende element og begynder at deformere det pladelignende element imod udformningen af hanelementet og hunelementet, mens der fortsat holdes i det perifere område af det pladelignende element, -at fuldføre forskydningen af hanelementet og hunelementet imod driftsstillingen og fastholde dem i driftsstillingen i en forudbestemt tid således, at det centrale område af det pladelignende element termofomnes til den tilsigtede udformning, - at forskyde hanelementet og hunelementet til ikke-driftsstillingen og at fjerne det termo-formede pladelignende element fra formen, kendetegnet ved, at stifterne (7) er anbragt på en mobil ramme (6a), som kan fjernes fra formen (1) for at bevæge det pladelignende element til og fra formen, mens det pladelignende element holdes ved hjælp af stifterne (7).
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor kompositpolymermaterialet omfatter en flerhed af forstærkningsfibre, som er fremstillet af et første materiale, og som coatet af en matrice, som er fremstillet af et andet termoplastisk polymerbaseret materiale, hvor det første materiale er en udstrakt termoplastisk polymer, som har et smeltepunkt, der er større end smeltepunktet af det andet materiale.
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helstaf de foregående krav, hvor kompositmateri-alet er selvforstærket polypropylen.
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor det pladelignende element (10) omfatter en flerhed af overlejrede lag (10a), som er fremstillet af kompositpolymermaterialet, og som er dannet ved at overlejre flerheden af lag (10a) på hinanden for at danne en stak af lag, som er separate fra hinanden, og at tilvejebringe hullerne (13) i deres perifere område (12), og hvor stakken af overlejrede plader (10a) er, før det pladelignende element anbringes i formen, udsat for et trin med opvarmning og tryk for i det mindste delvist at smelte det andet materiale af kompositmaterialet til at gøre de overlejrede lag stive i forhold til hinanden i det centrale område (11).
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 4, hvor et færdigbehandlingslag (10b) af termoplastisk polymermateriale er anbragt på stakken af kompositmaterialeplader i en udvendig position i forhold til stakken for at forsyne det pladelignende element (10) med en ønsket overfladebeskaffenhed og et papirlag (10c) til sublimationstryk, hvorpå der er tilvejebragt en grafisk dekoration, og som er anbragt over færdigbehandlingslaget (10b) på siden, som er modsat stakken af kompositmaterialelag (10a), således at sublimationstrykket af den grafiske dekoration på færdigbehandlingslaget tilvejebringes under opvarmnings- og tryktrinnet.
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 4 eller 5, hvor de overlejrede lag er separate fra hinanden i deres perifere område, når det pladelignende element er anbragt i formen.
7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor stifterne (7) er frigjort fra hullerne (13), som er tilvejebragt i det perifere område af det pladelignende element, før han- og hunelementerne er fuldt forskudt hen til driftsstillingen.
8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 7, hvor stifterne (7) er frigjort fra hullerne (13), som er tilvejebragt i det perifere område af det pladelignende element, før han- og hunelementet er fuldt forskudt hen til driftsstillingen, når forlængelsen af det pladelignende element (10) efter termoformning er større end en værdi på ca. 15%.
9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 4 til 8, hvor stakken af separate og overlejrede lag er fastgjort på rammen (6a) inden den gøres stiv i det centrale område (11), og hvor rammen derefter transporteres sammen med det pladelignende element til formen.
10. Form (1) til termoformning af et pladelignende element (10) af kompositpolymermate-riale, omfattende: - et hanelement (3), der er formet i en udformning som det er tilsigtet at overføre til det pladelignende element, og et hunelement (4), som er modsat formet i forhold til hanelementet, hvor han- og hunelementerne kan forskydes mellem en driftsstilling af formen, hvori de presses mod hinanden, og en i kke-d ri ftssti 11 i ng, hvori de er anbragt i afstand fra hinanden, - en bevægelsesindretning (5), som er anbragt til at forskyde hanelementet og/eller hunelementet mellem drifts- og ikke-driftsstillingerne, - en holdeindretning (6) til det pladelignende element, designet til at holde det pladelignende element (10) ved dets perifere område (12), mens hanelementet og hunelementet forskydes mod hinanden hen til driftsstillingen, således at de støder mod det pladelignende element i dets centrale område (11), hvor holdeindretningen (6) omfatter et antal stifter (7) med en fri ende, som kan være i indgreb med det pladelignende element i en tilsvarende flerhed af huller (13), som er tilvejebragt i sin perifere region (12), kendetegnet ved, at stifterne (7) er anbragt på en mobil ramme (6a), som er aftageligt tilknyttet med formen for at bevæge det pladelignende element til og fra formen, mens det pladelignende element holdes af stifterne (7).
11. Form ifølge krav 10, hvor stifterne (7) er anbragt i række i en afstand fra nabostifter på mellem 2 mm og 10 mm.
12. Form ifølge krav 10 eller 11, hvor rammen (6a) er anbragt i forhold til hunelementet (4), således at den kan bevæge sig, i forhold til hunelementet, væk fra hanelementet efter forskydningen af hanelementet hen mod driftsstillingen for at muliggøre frigørelsen af det pladelignende element (10) fra rammen (6a) via den frie ende (7a) af stifterne (7).
13. Form ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 10 til 12, hvor en første kæbe (21) og en anden kæbe (22) er fastgjort på henholdsvis hanelementet (3) og hunelementet (4) og er designet til at støde imod og holde det pladelignende element (10) ved dets perifere område (12), når hanelementet og hunelementet forskydes hen imod hinanden, inden de når driftsstillingen.
14. Form ifølge krav 13, hvor den første kæbe (21) og den anden kæbe (22) er fastgjort på respektive første fjedre (25, 27), som er designet til at tvinge den første og anden kæbe mod hinanden.
15. Form ifølge krav 13 eller 14, hvor den første kæbe (21) og den anden kæbe (22) kan glide hen imod et hoved (3a) af hanelementet (3) og et hulrum (4a) af hunelementet (4) og er forsynet med respektive anden fjedre (26, 28) for at styre glidningen af den første og anden kæbe mod hovedet og hulrummet.
DK14710920.1T 2013-03-21 2014-03-19 Fremgangsmåde til termoformning af et pladelignende element af kompositpolymermateriale og en form fungerende i overenstem-melse med fremgangsmåden. DK2976208T3 (da)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000070A ITPD20130070A1 (it) 2013-03-21 2013-03-21 Processo di termoformatura di un elemento lastriforme in materiale polimerico composito e stampo operante in accordo con tale processo
PCT/EP2014/055514 WO2014147130A1 (en) 2013-03-21 2014-03-19 A process for thermoforming a plate-like element of composite polymer material and a mould operating in accordance with the process

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US (1) US20160046064A1 (da)
EP (1) EP2976208B1 (da)
DK (1) DK2976208T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2628830T3 (da)
IT (1) ITPD20130070A1 (da)
PL (1) PL2976208T3 (da)
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US10071523B2 (en) * 2014-04-25 2018-09-11 William C. Shanley, Iv Apparatus and methods for controlling pressure on a thermoforming assistive device
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PL2976208T3 (pl) 2017-09-29
WO2014147130A1 (en) 2014-09-25
US20160046064A1 (en) 2016-02-18
EP2976208A1 (en) 2016-01-27
PT2976208T (pt) 2017-07-04
ITPD20130070A1 (it) 2014-09-22
EP2976208B1 (en) 2017-04-05

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