EE01231U1 - Mobile gravel crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

There are three separate loading bunkers on the mobile base of the mobile gravel crusher. Each loading hopper has a separate vibrating material feeder that reliably feeds the cone crusher. There are three cone crushers on the mobile platform, each crusher being fed through a fixed loading bin. Below each cone crusher is a separate belt conveyor that collects crushed rock material. The working speeds of the material feeders, cone crushers and belt conveyors can be individually adjusted by all work units. The mobile gravel crusher allows crushing of different sized pieces of rock, gravel margins, etc. The machine has three separate cone crushers and each appropriately regulated cone crusher processes optimal size pebbles (rock particles). This ensures low machine life, high productivity and good product quality. The crushed material has a good cube grain shape and contains little fines (dust). In addition, the operator can adjust the steel composition (sieve curve) of the finished product by varying the rotation speed of the feeder feeders and cone crushers (i.e. belt conveyors) as required. This option ensures an optimal steel composition of the final product (crushed stone).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to machines used in mining for crushing rock materials. The device can be used for crushing gravel pebbles screened in a gravel pit.

STATE OF THE ART

There are mainly three types of crushers used to crush stone materials: jaw crushers, cone crushers, and rotor crushers.

Jaw crushers are usually used as a pre-crusher of rock material, which crushes large pieces of rock into finer fractions in a quarry, but a jaw crusher cannot give the material to be crushed (gravel particles) a final and good grain shape (cubicity).

Rotary crushers are used both in construction to crush demolition waste and in quarries to produce stone products (crushed stone). A rotary crusher does not allow for the crushing of very hard and highly abrasive rocks, and since the rock is deformed at high speeds during the processing process, it produces more fine particles (ash) compared to a jaw or cone crusher.

Cone crushers are mainly used as secondary crushers. A cone crusher crushes rock material that has been previously crushed or is already of a fraction that allows it to be loaded directly into the crusher. The cone crusher crushes the rock material into a smaller fraction and gives the processed material (crushed rock particles) a final shape.

The cone crusher works on the principle that the starting material is directed from above into the crushing chamber, where it sinks downwards under the force of gravity and as a result of the eccentric rotation of the cone. In the lower part of the cone crusher, the gap between the cone and the casing becomes increasingly narrower, which causes the starting material to be crushed into smaller and smaller fractions. The cone is usually equipped with a rim at the bottom, which gives the rock particles their final shape. The adjustment hole determines the possible diameter of the largest particle in the product.

The three types of crushers mentioned are also used in combination, where the machines form a so-called enrichment complex. As a rule, a jaw and cone crusher are used in series. The production capacity and mining characteristics also determine whether the enrichment complex is stationary, semi-mobile or mobile.

Mobile crushers are usually mounted on pneumatic tires or on a crawler base, which ensures that the machines are easy to move and relocate. Mobile crushers are used in quarries with smaller production volumes, but mobile crushers with larger production capacities and dimensions are increasingly being produced today. The biggest advantage of mobile machines is that, compared to stationary and semi-mobile crushing complexes, they can be transported from one production site to another (from one quarry to another) at low cost. However, there are limits to the dimensions and production capacities of mobile machines, which arise solely from the parameters and weight of equipment that are allowed to travel on roads. Therefore, mobile crushers are suitable for working in quarries with smaller production capacities and in situations where machines need to be constantly transported from one production site to another (various construction sites, custom work in smaller quarries).

A solution closer to the present invention is the mobile crusher Sandvik UD210 (http://www.mininuandeonstruction.sandvik.com/SANDVlK/1281/lnternet/MANorwav /SE03605.NSF/lndex/bab0ro 13büb8d 1 c6c 12574210044d2d 1/SFILE/UD210%20spec.pdf).

The device includes a jaw crusher, a cone crusher and a three-deck screen placed on the same base. The jaw crusher (pre-crusher) crushes the rock into a finer fraction. From the jaw crusher, the crushed material moves to the first screen. Crushed rock, the particle size of which is smaller than the opening of the first screen, falls down and is immediately screened into up to three different fractions. Material that did not immediately crumble into a small enough fraction after pre-crushing moves over the first screen to the cone crusher, which crushes the rock into smaller parts and gives the rock pieces their final grain shape. The material from the cone crusher is conveyed by a conveyor back to the three-deck screen, from where it moves as a finished product along conveyors to the bulk material.

The main disadvantage of the mobile crusher described above is that the two working bodies (crushers) are fed through a single loading hopper. This results in unsorted rock material entering the jaw crusher. Repeated crushing of larger boulders produces more fines and requires more energy. Since the machine has only one loading hopper, pre-screening the raw material is not helpful, as separately sorted material cannot be loaded into the crushers.

The jaw crusher does not allow crushing very small-sized raw material, as the adjustment of the lower opening of the two jaws to the minimum is limited. Small-sized particles pass through the jaw crusher without being deformed at all.

ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages and to this end, a device is proposed in which crushed stone is produced by a machine that directs the starting material (pebbles) for crushing through several different loading hoppers, which direct the right-sized stone pieces to specially configured cone crushers. Selective feed of the starting material and the correct configuration of the cone crushers ensure better quality of the product (crushed stone), produce less screenings and allow the use of small-sized pebbles.

The subject of the invention is a mobile gravel crusher, which includes a mobile base on which three cone crushers operating independently of each other are located, each of which is configured to crush previously screened rocks of the desired dimensions, wherein above each cone crusher there is a loading hopper with a separate vibrating feed feeder, and below each cone crusher there is a belt conveyor for transporting the crushed material (gravel) from the outlet of the cone crushers. The device includes a control panel and electric motors for operating each vibrating feed feeder, cone crusher and belt conveyor separately or together.

The need to feed multiple cone crushers separately is so that each specially configured cone crusher receives precisely the right size of gravel that would ensure good quality for the final product, the best productivity of the machine, create few screenings, and allow the use of smaller gravel.

To obtain the desired specific fractions, quantities and grain composition of crushed stone, the feed rate of the rocks loaded into the loading hoppers into the cone crushers is adjustable using vibrating feed feeders.

In addition to adjusting the feed rate of the loading hoppers, it is also possible to change the grain composition of the resulting crushed stone by adjusting the rotation speed of each cone crusher, which in turn helps to improve the quality of the final product (crushed stone). The fraction content in the crushed stone is adjustable by separately adjusting the speed of each belt conveyor.

The device can be used to crush gravel pebbles screened out in gravel quarries. Gravel is a mineral resource in which particles with a diameter of more than 5 mm account for more than 35% (Regulation No. 29 of the Minister of the Environment of 21.04.2005). Only pebbles contained in gravel are used to produce crushed stone. In gravel quarries, hard rock is not blasted out of the deposit to obtain the raw material, but is screened out from other material.

The quality of crushed stone depends on the grain composition of the material, the grain shape of the crushed stone particles, the content of particles with rounded surfaces in the final product, and the physical characteristics of the pebbles (compressive strength, frost resistance, etc.). One of the main problems in the production of crushed stone from crushed stone is that the content of pebbles in the total amount of material is low and the dimensions of the pebbles are small. This leads to low yields and low product quality in the production of crushed stone, since a large amount of gravel needs to be screened to produce a sufficient amount of raw material (pebbles), and small pebbles do not allow the production of crushed stone of the desired quality.

The use of a mobile gravel crusher according to the present invention allows solving the above-described problems of gravel production and ensuring high quality of the gravel.

LIST OF DRAWINGS

Figure Fig 1 technical diagram of a mobile gravel crusher,

Figure 2 side view of a mobile gravel crusher,

Figure 3: End view of a mobile gravel crusher.

Figure 4: Mobile gravel crusher in working position.

EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The mobile gravel crusher comprises a mobile base 1 on which three independently operating cone crushers 2A, 2B, 2C are located, each of which is configured to crush previously screened rocks of the desired size. Above each cone crusher there is a separate loading hopper 3A, 3B, 3C and a vibrating feed feeder 4A, 4B, 4C, and below each cone crusher 2A, 2B, 2C there is a belt conveyor 5A, 5B, 5C. The device comprises electric motors 6A, 6B and 6C for operating the vibrating feed feeders, electric motors 7A, 7B and 7C for operating the cone crushers, electric motors 9A, 9B, 9C for operating the belt conveyor 5A, 5B, 5C and a control panel 8 for controlling the operation of the electric motors.

The following is an example of the operation of a mobile gravel crusher for obtaining specific fractions of gravel (preferred embodiment).

In the quarry, pebbles are screened out of the gravel for crushing into the following fractions:

- fraction 8 to 16 mm (margins A).

- fraction from 16 to 32 mm (margins B).

- fraction 32 to 64 mm (margins C).

The previously screened gravel into different fractions is loaded into the loading hoppers of the mobile gravel crusher using a front-end loader (Fig. 4) as follows:

- the A-margins are loaded into the loading hopper 3A,

- the pebbles B are loaded into the loading hopper 3B.

- the pebbles C are loaded into the loading hopper 3C.

From the loading hoppers, the gravel is directed to various cone crushers using vibrating feeders 4A. 4B. 4C. The material feed volume (feeder speed) can be changed from the control panel 8, from which the speed of the electric motors 6A, 6B, 6C is adjusted. The gravel is directed to the cone crushers as follows:

- vibrating feeder 4A feeds cone crusher 2A,

- vibrating feeder 4B feeds cone crusher 2B,

- Vibrating feeder 4C feeds cone crusher 2C.

Each cone crusher crushes rocks to a specific and optimal grain size. To achieve the best result, the working parts of cone crushers (the opening between the cone and the casing) are adjusted as follows:

- cone crusher 2A with outlet 10 to 15 mm,

- cone crusher 2B with outlet 18 to 23 mm,

- cone crusher 2C with an outlet of 35 to 40 mm.

Cone crushers are configured to produce crushed stone in the following fractions:

- cone crusher 2A produces a fraction from 0 to 8 mm (main fraction from 4 to 8 mm),

- Cone crusher 2B produces a fraction from 0 to 16 mm (main fraction from 8 to 16 mm).

- Cone crusher 2C produces a fraction from 0 to 32 mm (main fraction from 16 to 32 mm).

The productivity (rotation speeds) of the cone crushers can be changed from the control panel 8, which regulates the speed of the cone crushers' electric motors 7A, 7B, 7C.

From the cone crushers, the crushed material falls onto belt conveyors 5A, 5B, 5C. The processed material falls onto the belt conveyors as follows:

- through the cone crusher 2A the product falls onto the belt conveyor 5A,

- Through the cone crusher 2B, the product falls onto the belt conveyor 5B.

- Through the cone crusher 2C, the product falls onto the belt conveyor 5C.

The belt conveyors carry the resulting crushed stone away from under the cone crushers and store it in a heap next to the device using an articulated conveyor. The speed of all belt conveyors can be changed using the electric motor 9A, 9C, 9B, the rotation speed of which can be changed from the control panel 8.

The mobile gravel crusher ensures good quality of crushed stone as a result of its technical design.

The final product (crushed stone) is guaranteed to have a higher content of crushed grains and a better flatness factor. This result is achieved because, based on the diameter of the previously screened pebbles, pebbles of a certain diameter are loaded into each loading hopper, which are directed to a cone crusher specially configured according to the diameter of the pebble grain. Thus, the mobile gravel crusher also allows the use of small-sized pebbles.

Since each cone crusher can be set to the optimal gap at the outlet (distance between the cone and the casing), less fines are produced during production and it is possible to produce crushed stone with the best grain composition (optimal grain composition).

Due to the possibility of changing the material feed rate of the loading hopper and the rotation speed of each cone crusher (including stopping it if necessary), it is possible to regulate the grain composition of the final product (including the center screen opening). Several separately adjustable belt conveyors collect the material from under the cone crushers and direct it to the bulk. The possibility of changing the operating speed of the belt conveyors also helps to partially regulate the grain composition of the final product (including the center screen opening).

The use of a mobile gravel crusher simplifies the use of local minerals (gravel) and ensures good quality and yield of the product (gravel).

Claims (4)

1. A mobile gravel crusher. comprising a mobile base, several crushers located thereon. at least one of which is a cone crusher, at least one loading hopper for feeding the crusher, electric motors, a control panel for controlling the operation of the electric motors, at least one belt conveyor for transporting the crushed stone from the outlet of the crushers, and characterized in that three independent cone crushers are located on the mobile base, each of which is separately configured to crush previously screened gravel pebbles of the desired dimensions, wherein a separate loading hopper is located above each cone crusher. and each loading hopper has a separate vibrating feed feeder, a belt conveyor is located below each cone crusher, and the mobile gravel crusher includes electric motors for operating each vibrating feed feeder, each cone crusher and each belt conveyor. 2. Mobile gravel crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed rate of the gravel into the cone crushers is adjustable by means of vibrating feeders to obtain the desired amounts of crushed stone fractions and the desired grain composition. 3. Mobile gravel crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation speeds of each cone crusher are separately adjustable to obtain the desired granular composition of the crushed stone. 4. A mobile gravel crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the fraction content in the crushed stone is adjustable by separately adjusting the speed of each belt conveyor.