Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
  • C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L67/06—Unsaturated polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2367/06—Unsaturated polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to dispersions of powdery substances in unsaturated polyesters which are free from copolymerizable monomers. These dispersions according to the invention are an excellent form in which thickeners, pigments, fillers and other solid auxiliaries can be mixed in finely divided form with unsaturated polyester resins.
• DT-OS 2 223 989 discloses mixtures of inorganic thickeners, ie preferably oxides and hydroxides of the elements of the 2nd and 3rd main groups (groups II a and III a) of the periodic table, and a polyester with acid numbers from 5 to 50 and hydroxyl numbers known from 100 to 300.
• this polyester has a relatively low viscosity, so that it is suitable for absorbing considerable amounts of inorganic thickeners and can serve as the basis for a thickening paste. Since its viscosity hardly increases when thickening agents are added, the thickening pastes made from it can be stored for a long time.
• the pigments have hitherto also been rubbed into the polyester resin used, while other, smaller amounts of solid additives, such as, for example, thickeners, release agents or thixotropic agents, are added as powders.
• solid additives such as, for example, thickeners, release agents or thixotropic agents
• Such pastes are often combined in one or two mixed pastes, since it is easier to precisely dose larger amounts of a paste than small amounts of different pastes.
• These technical requirements mean that the amount of paste base supplied is greater than previously customary. Quantities of 10-15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin used are often required. Because of this large amount, customary liquid plasticizers are eliminated, except for the reasons already mentioned, primarily because they do not polymerize when the polyester resin is cured and, as a result, tend to exude. In addition, the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of the hardening products deteriorate considerably.
• the laminate is generally covered with a colored fine layer. If articles with frequently changing colors are produced in this way, or if colors have to be tinted by adding small amounts of other pigments, it is advantageous to use pigment pastes.
• Plasticizers or styrene-containing polyesters are not suitable as a paste base for the reasons already described. Polyesters according to DF-OS2223989 cannot be used either, because they impair the water absorption of a fine layer so that bubbles and cracks develop after the laminate has been briefly stored in water.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the dispersions according to the invention as auxiliaries for ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated polyester resins.
• ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated polyesters are the usual condensation products of at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with generally 4 or 5 carbon atoms or their ester-forming derivatives, if appropriate in a mixture with up to 100 mol. , based on the unsaturated acid component, at least one aliphatic saturated with 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid with 8 to 10 carbon atoms or their ester-forming derivatives with at least one polyhydroxy compound, in particular dihydroxy compound, with 2-8 C atoms - that is, polyester, as described in J. Björksen et al, "Polyesters and their Applications", Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York 1956 .
• Examples of preferred unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives are maleic anhydride and fumaric acid. Can be used e.g. however also mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid or chloromaleic acid.
• Examples of the aliphatic saturated, aromatic and cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives to be used are phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, hexa- or tetrahydrophthalic acid or their anhydrides, endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid or their anhydride and succinic acid, succinic acid or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or succinic acid ester or
• polyesters to be used preferably contain maleic acid residues which can be replaced up to 25 mol-96 by phthalic acid or isophthalic acid residues.
• ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, -1,3, -1,4, -2,3, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol , 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane, bis-oxyalkylated bisphenol A, perhydrobisphenol and others can be used.
• Oligomers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butene oxide in particular diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and corresponding oligomers of the different butene oxides are preferably used.
• Suitable monohydric alcohols are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and alkylaromatic alcohols with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. Methanol, ethanol, n- or isopropanol, n-, iso- or tert-butanol, the pentanols, hexanols, heptanols, octanols such as, for example, ⁇ -ethylhexanol, up to long-chain, such as, for example, stearyl alcohol.
• An example of aromatic, monohydric alcohols is benzyl alcohol. Cyclohexanol may be mentioned as an example of cycloaliphatic, monohydric alcohols. Unsaturated monoalcohols, such as allyl alcohol or croton alcohol, can also be used.
• the molecular weights of the polyester B determined as the middle of the number should be between 250 and 3000 (measured by vapor pressure osmometry in dioxane and acetone, with lower values the lower is considered correct, the viscosities of the polyester B between 200 and 1000 cP.
• Powdery substances A include inorganic or organic pigments, thixotropic agents, inorganic thickeners, fillers, etc.
• magnesium hydroxide In addition to magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, aluminates, titanates, aluminum oxides and their mixed oxides and mixtures of the products mentioned, and Portland cement are also suitable as inorganic thickeners.
• Dispersions of 30 to 60% by weight of oxides and / or hydroxides of the 2nd and 3rd group of the periodic system primarily magnesium oxide and / or magnesium hydroxide, and 70 to 40% by weight of a polyester of maleic acid and have proven to be particularly valuable / or fumaric acid, dipropylene glycol and ol-ethylhexanol proved.
• the dispersions according to the invention can contain further additives, e.g. contain those that affect sedimentation and thixotropy.
• the thixotropy and sedimentation mainly influence inorganic thixotropic agents, such as highly disperse silicas, products with an asbestos-like silicate structure, bentones or organic thixotropic agents, such as hydrogenated castor oil fatty acids, preferably organic compounds containing CONH or OCONH groups.
• organic thixotropic agents which are preferably to be used, can be mixed into the dispersions according to the invention or else incorporated into the polyester B.
• the thixotropic agents can simply be admixed during the preparation of the dispersion according to the invention, but if desired also by condensing in the starting components of the unsaturated polyester B during its production, or condensed therein after the production thereof.
• thixotropic polyesters are e.g. Reaction products which are prepared from unsaturated polyesters containing hydroxyl groups and having a hydroxyl number of 10-80 and an acid number of 1-50 and predominantly reaction products containing a free isocyanate group and consisting of polyisocyanates and monohydroxyl compounds.
• the isocyanates are thixotropic agents which are particularly suitable for incorporation into or for condensing onto unsaturated polyesters B.
• aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic monoisocyanates with at least 4 carbon atoms such as dodecyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate and the C 1 -C 4 alkyl derivatives of the isocyanates mentioned
• diisocyanates such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate , 4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 1-methyl-cyclohexane-2,4- and -2,6-diisocyanate and the mixtures of these isomers, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and the mixtures of these isomers, naphthylene-1, 5-diisocyanate, 4,4'
• diisocyanates and polyisocyanates are preferred, the functionality of which is achieved by conversion with Zerewitinoff-H-acidic, monofunctional compounds, e.g. monofunctional alcohols and / or acids can be reduced to 2 or 1.
• Thixotropic agents are generally used in amounts of 0.1-10, preferably 1-5% by weight, based on polyester resin.
• the dispersions according to the invention can contain organic and / or inorganic fillers in fibrous and / or powdery form, e.g. Kaolin, magnesium and calcium carbonate, quartz flour, asbestos flour, thermoplastic powder, e.g. Polyethylene powder and other macromolecular cross-linked and non-cross-linked products in powder form.
• Crosslinked macromolecular substances include e.g. considered: ground thermoset plastics, e.g. hardened unsaturated polyester resin, hardened melamine and urea formaldehyde resin.
• Fibrous fillers are e.g. Glass fiber sections, asbestos fibers, "organic chemical fibers" and natural fibers.
• the preferred field of application of the mixtures according to the invention is the use for thickening unsaturated polyester solutions in copolymerizable monomers for the production of resin mats and molding compounds. Since such batches must contain peroxides, preferably organic peroxides, in order to be able to process them into molded parts, it may be expedient to incorporate the organic peroxides into the dispersions according to the invention.
• Peroxides for resin mats and molding compounds are, for example: benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzoate, perketals, etc. The perketals are particularly advantageous. They show the greatest storage stability in the presence of basic products.
• the inventive dispersions can be modified unsaturated polyester resins in quantities of 1 - 3 are 0 wt .-%, based on unmodified unsaturated polyester resin admixed. If the dispersions according to the invention contain inorganic thickeners, the Amounts selected so that 0.1 - 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 - 2.5% by weight, based on unsaturated unmodified polyester resin, of inorganic thickeners are added to the unsaturated polyester resins.
• the unsaturated polyesters of those polyester resins for the modification of which the dispersions according to the invention can be used can be prepared from the components listed above for the production of polyester B.
• the acid numbers of the polyesters should be between 10 and 100, preferably between 10 and 40, the OH numbers between 10 and 150, preferably between 20 and 100, and the number average molecular weights between about 500 and 5000, preferably between about 100 and 3,000 (measured by vapor pressure osmometry in dioxane and acetone; if the values differ, the lower one is considered the correct one).
• Suitable copolymerizable vinyl and vinylidene compounds for the modified polyester resins are unsaturated compounds customary in polyester technology, which preferably carry £ -substituted vinyl groups or B-substituted allyl groups, preferably styrene; but also, for example, nuclear chlorinated and alkylated or alkenylated styrenes, where the alkyl groups can contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, tert-butylstyrene, chlorostyrenes; Vinyl esters of carboxylic acids with 2-6 carbon atoms, preferably vinyl acetate; Vinyl pyridine, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl cyclohexane, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and / or their esters (preferably vinyl, allyl and methallyl esters) with 1-4 carbon atoms in the alcohol component, their amines and nitriles
• insoluble is intended to mean that when heated to 80 ° C. for 30 minutes in polyester B, less than 1% by weight of the substance in question goes into solution.
• Resin 1 (comparison according to DT-OS 2 223 989)
• a mixture of 2536 parts of ⁇ -ethylhexanoic acid, 5706 parts of dipropylene glycol and 1738 parts of maleic anhydride, corresponding to a molar composition of 1.0: 2.4: 1.0, are heated in 8 hours to 200 ° C. while passing nitrogen through and at this Temperature until an acid number of 22 and a viscosity of 380 mPa.s. (measured at 20 ° C) kept.
• the product obtained has a hydroxyl number of 200.
• a mixture of 2187 parts of benzyl alcohol, 2633 parts of 2-ethylhexanol-1, 3453 parts of maleic anhydride and 2360 parts of dipropylene glycol, corresponding to a molar ratio of 1.15: 1.15: 2.20: 1.00, are passed through with nitrogen in 14 Heated to 210 ° C and held at this temperature until an acid number of 21 and a viscosity of 320 mPa.s (measured at 20 ° C) was reached. The hydroxyl number is then 40.
• the product has a hydroxyl number of 15.
• Resins 1-4 were mixed with a commercially available polyester resin mixture, which is typical for use in fine layers, according to the following recipe:
• Test specimens (30 ⁇ 100 mm 2 ) were produced from the plates produced according to test A and were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 5 months. The appearance was then assessed.
• a resin mat base was produced according to the following recipe:
• the batch was poured into 3 mm plate molds and allowed to thicken for four days.
• the plates were then cured in a water bath at 75 ° C. for 3 hours and then tempered at 100 ° C. for 15 hours.
• Test specimens 50 x 50 mm 2 ) were cut from the plates and the water absorption was determined according to DIN 53 475. Sheets from a batch containing 100 parts of polyester resin Z without addition of resin served as a comparison.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
• Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 1977
  • 1977-07-12 DE DE19772731320 patent/DE2731320A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1978
  • 1978-07-05 EP EP78100307A patent/EP0000371B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1978-07-05 DE DE7878100307T patent/DE2860028D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1978-07-06 US US05/922,273 patent/US4222927A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1978-07-10 IT IT50226/78A patent/IT1105747B/it active
  • 1978-07-12 ES ES471653A patent/ES471653A1/es not_active Expired

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