EP0000728B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour évacuer des produits volatiles libérés pendant l'extrusion de masses fondues de matières synthétiques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour évacuer des produits volatiles libérés pendant l'extrusion de masses fondues de matières synthétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000728B1
EP0000728B1 EP78100499A EP78100499A EP0000728B1 EP 0000728 B1 EP0000728 B1 EP 0000728B1 EP 78100499 A EP78100499 A EP 78100499A EP 78100499 A EP78100499 A EP 78100499A EP 0000728 B1 EP0000728 B1 EP 0000728B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic melt
suction
plastic
orifice
volatile constituents
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100499A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0000728A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr. Hoerauf
Guenter Valentin
Robert Kegel
Helmut Kuhn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP0000728A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000728A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000728B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000728B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

Definitions

  • a caprolactam melt containing 10% by weight of monomers is passed through a nozzle plate 1 in fine distribution through a heated closed space 2 while maintaining the molten state and the melt as Swamp 4 collected. Since it is a closed space, the monomers cannot spread freely, but at most can escape through the opening 8.
  • the suction opening 8 is not in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle opening but downwards in the course of the treatment room. According to the example, the treatment room is continuously evacuated and kept under a pressure of 7 mm. It is understood that the entire space 2 is filled with caprolactam vapor in accordance with the partial pressure.
  • caprolactam vapors are drawn off through the opening 8 and kept at a temperature above the melting point by a separate electrical resistance heater. It is therefore a de-lactamization process that cannot be compared to extrusion with shaping.
  • the method according to the invention begins where the melt 4 is discharged downwards into the atmosphere from the opening, which is not specified.
  • a polyester melt is passed through nozzle openings into a closed container 8 and is collected at the bottom as a sump while maintaining the molten state.
  • the invention has for its object to design the extraction of volatile components when extruding plastic melts into the atmosphere with shaping so that no troublesome additional suction devices are necessary and at the same time access to the extruded molding is not blocked by additional devices.
  • This object is achieved in a method for removing volatile constituents which escape from the extrusion of plastic melts from the latter into the surrounding air, these volatile constituents being suctioned off with the surrounding air, in that the volatile constituents are released immediately upon exiting the Plastic melt through at least one suction opening (5), which is located in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle opening (4) from which the plastic melt emerges, and the air containing such volatile components immediately after entering the suction opening (5) with the heating medium for the Plastic melt heated.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, characterized by a conical inlet 1 for the plastic melt with a heating jacket 2, a nozzle plate 3 attached to the tip of the cone with at least one nozzle opening 4 for the exit of the plastic melt and at least one in In the immediate vicinity of the nozzle opening 4 arranged suction opening 5, which is inclined in the direction of the discharge of the plastic melt towards the nozzle opening 4, a casing 6 together with the nozzle plate 3 and the heating jacket 2 forming a heated cavity 7 which has an outlet 8.
  • the new method and the new Vorrichtunp have the advantage that no blockages occur in the suction lines and the harmful vapors are effectively removed from the work area. There is also the advantage that the extracted air is heated to the required temperature by the heating media for the nozzle plate and plastic melt immediately after being drawn in, without further aids.
  • thermoplastic, organic polymers for example polystyrene, whose copolymers, for. B. with acrylonitrile or rubber-modified polystyrenes, also polyvinyl chloride, rubber-modified polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyoxymethylene and polyamides such as polyamide-66 or polyamide-6.
  • Such polymers are from the melt, for. B. at temperatures of 180 to 300 ° C, formed.
  • the type and composition of the volatile components emerging from the melt are only partially known.
  • Such volatile constituents contain monomers, furthermore oligomers which result from the polymerization or oligomers which result from degradation by the thermal treatment, furthermore decomposition products.
  • the method is used particularly advantageously when the volatile components are liquid or solid at room temperature.
  • the process according to the invention has particular technical importance in the extrusion of polycaprolactam. The caprolactam vapors generated during extrusion are removed.
  • Extrusion is used to discharge a plastic melt during its manufacture, but also to shape a plastic melt during its further processing, e.g. B. to endless profiles such as pipes.
  • the volatile fractions are sucked off with the surrounding air, in such a way that the volatile fractions are sucked off as soon as they emerge from the plastic melt.
  • An essential feature is that the air containing such volatile components is heated immediately after entering the suction opening.
  • the temperatures depend on the type of volatile components. As a rule, it can be assumed that the extracted air is heated to a temperature which is at least 20 ° C., advantageously 30 ° C., above the melting point of the volatile components extracted.
  • the extracted air is heated e.g. B. to at least 90 ° C to avoid separation of solid caprolactam.
  • the cheapest temperatures can easily be determined by simple tests.
  • the upper temperature limit is determined by economic considerations because unnecessary heating consumes unnecessary energy.
  • a temperature of 200 ° C is generally to be regarded as the upper temperature limit.
  • this value is not a limitation with regard to the variety of possible volatile components.
  • the extracted air containing volatile components is mixed with the heating medium for the plastic melt, e.g. B. the electric heater or liquid heater, which is used for tempering the plastic melt, heated.
  • caprolactam vapors When suctioning water-soluble vapors, such as caprolactam vapors, it has proven to be advantageous to generate the negative pressure for suction by means of water injectors.
  • the volatile components such as caprolactam are washed out of the extracted air and enriched in the water that is circulated. In this way, the extracted caprolactam as z. B. 20 weight percent solution obtained from the caprolactam is recovered.
  • the suction opening is in the immediate vicinity, e.g. B. at a distance of 3 to 10 cm, from the nozzle opening from which the plastic melt emerges, in order to ensure that the volatile components are removed from the plastic melt as soon as they exit. It has proven useful here if the direction of the suction opening does not run parallel to the emerging plastic melt, but rather an inclination to the axis of the emerging plastic melt, e.g. B. at an angle of 25 to 60 °, so that the volatile components are sucked away from the plastic melt.
  • the cross section of a device suitable for carrying out the method is shown in the figure.
  • the figure shows the discharge part of any device that is not further developed and contains plastic melt.
  • the discharge part consists of a conical inlet 1 for the plastic melt.
  • the cone does not have to be pointed, but can also have any other initial shapes, such as oval or rectangular shapes.
  • the conical inlet 1 is surrounded by a heating jacket 2. These are electrical induction heaters or steam or liquid heaters.
  • a nozzle plate 3 is attached to the lower end of the conical inlet. This nozzle plate has at least one outlet opening for the plastic melt 4. The shape and number of the outlet openings depend on the Task in the extrusion of plastic melts.
  • the nozzle plate 3 additionally has at least one suction opening 5.
  • the volatile components which escape when the plastic melt emerges from the nozzle opening 4 are immediately sucked off through this suction opening.
  • the suction opening 5 is arranged as close as possible to the nozzle opening 4 and is inclined towards the nozzle opening 4 in the direction of the plastic discharge.
  • suction openings 5 are provided on both sides of the nozzle opening 4.
  • the suction opening 5 can be arranged in the form of a plurality of nozzle openings or slots or annular slots which are adapted to the nozzle opening 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Procédé pour l'évacuation des produits volatils libérés pendant l'extrusion de masses fondues de matières plastiques dans l'air environnant, par aspiration avec l'air ambiant, caractérisé en ce que les produits volatils sont aspirés, dès qu'ils sortent de la masse fondue, à travers au moins un orifice d'aspiration (5) situé à proximité immédiate de la sortie de la filière d'extrusion (4) de la masse fondue et l'air contenant ces produits volatils est chauffé par le milieu de chauffage de la masse à extruder dès son passage à travers l'orifice d'extrusion (5).
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'air aspiré est porté à une température de 20°C au moins supérieure au point de fusion des produits volatils.
3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'air est aspiré suivant une direction inclinée par rapport à la direction d'extrusion de la masse fondue de matière plastique à travers la sortie de la filière (4).
4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est appliqué à l'évacuation des vapeurs de caprolactame formées lors de l'extrusion d'une polycaprolac- tame.
5. Dispositif pour la rélisation du procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un canal d'alimentation convergent (1) pour la masse fondue de matière plastique avec une chemise chauffante (2), une plaque de buse (3) disposée au sommet du cône d'alimentation (1) et comportant au moins une filière d'extrusion (4) de la masse fondue et, à proximité immédiate de la sortie de la filière (4), un orifice d'aspiration (5) incliné par rapport à la direction d'extrusion de la masse fondue en direction de la sortie de la filière (4), la plaque de buse (3) et la chemise chauffante (2) délimitant avex une enveloppe (6) une enceinte fermée (7) chauffée, pourvue d'un ajutage d'évacuation (8).
EP78100499A 1977-08-03 1978-07-26 Procédé et dispositif pour évacuer des produits volatiles libérés pendant l'extrusion de masses fondues de matières synthétiques Expired EP0000728B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2734946 1977-08-03
DE2734946A DE2734946B2 (de) 1977-08-03 1977-08-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von flüchtigen Anteilen, die bei der Extrusion von Kunststoffschmelzen aus diesen entweichen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000728A1 EP0000728A1 (fr) 1979-02-21
EP0000728B1 true EP0000728B1 (fr) 1981-04-29

Family

ID=6015514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100499A Expired EP0000728B1 (fr) 1977-08-03 1978-07-26 Procédé et dispositif pour évacuer des produits volatiles libérés pendant l'extrusion de masses fondues de matières synthétiques

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4233429A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000728B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5428364A (fr)
AT (1) AT368945B (fr)
AU (1) AU525107B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1124972A (fr)
DE (2) DE2734946B2 (fr)
ES (1) ES472323A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1097307B (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5703203A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-12-30 Montell North America Inc. Removal of oligomers from substantially crystalline, α-olefin polymers
WO2022090526A1 (fr) * 2020-11-02 2022-05-05 Röhm Gmbh Dispositif de dégazage d'un matériau polymère-monomère multiphase à deux composants et son utilisation dans une extrudeuse de dégazage

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1038355A (fr) * 1950-11-24 1953-09-28 Phrix Werke Ag Procédé et dispositif pour éliminer les composants volatils des masses de filage hautement polymérisées
NL227654A (fr) * 1957-05-17
US3130180A (en) * 1957-09-18 1964-04-21 Glanzstoff Ag Continuous method and apparatus for the production of polyhexamethylene adipamide
US3109831A (en) * 1960-11-14 1963-11-05 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Cooking polyesters of polybasic acids and polyhydric alcohols in the absence of solvents
US3110547A (en) * 1961-07-26 1963-11-12 Du Pont Polymerization process
LU48718A1 (fr) * 1964-06-01 1965-12-01
US3418286A (en) * 1965-08-02 1968-12-24 Interchem Corp Method of making polyesters under reduced pressure
JPS4944867B1 (fr) * 1969-09-16 1974-11-30
US3933958A (en) * 1971-03-22 1976-01-20 Reynolds Metals Company Method of making tubular plastic film
JPS5265561A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-05-31 Ube Industries Method and device for heating evaporating substance in vent extruder
US4043968A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-08-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for producing methylolated amide copolymers in concentrated organic solvent solution

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4233429A (en) 1980-11-11
AT368945B (de) 1982-11-25
AU3845878A (en) 1980-01-31
ES472323A1 (es) 1979-02-16
JPS5428364A (en) 1979-03-02
EP0000728A1 (fr) 1979-02-21
IT7826045A0 (it) 1978-07-24
ATA559378A (de) 1982-04-15
DE2734946A1 (de) 1979-02-15
DE2734946B2 (de) 1980-09-25
CA1124972A (fr) 1982-06-08
AU525107B2 (en) 1982-10-21
IT1097307B (it) 1985-08-31
DE2860648D1 (en) 1981-08-06

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