Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/247—Discontinuous hollow structure or microporous structure
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
  • D01F8/08—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyacrylonitrile as constituent

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the production of threads or fibers having a hydrophilic core / sheath structure from thread-forming polymers, in particular from acrylonitrile homo- or copolymers according to the dry-nozzle wet-spinning method in the presence of steam as the first precipitation medium for polyacrylonitrile threads.
• the dry-jet wet spinning process is generally used to facilitate the stretching of the threads, to reduce the porosity of the fiber structure (cf. DT-OS 1 660 463), or else as described in US Pat. No. 3,415,922 to improve the raw tone of the threads.
• the distance between the nozzle and the bath surface must not be more than 11.4 cm in order to prevent the individual filaments from converging and sticking together.
• This maximum distance of 11.4 cm is achieved by reinforcing the initial coagulation of the sprayed thread-forming material through a mist atmosphere of water, the spinning solvent or a mixture of the two, which by means of air supply from nozzles is sprayed very finely in a chamber, before the threads are completely coagulated in the precipitation bath.
• the invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of threads or fibers having a hydrophilic core-shell structure from thread-forming synthetic polymers with a porosity of at least 10% and a water retention capacity of at least 10% with a fiber swelling which is less than the water retention capacity Spinning a polymer solution according to the dry-wet wet spinning process, characterized in that the threads are brought into contact with water vapor or the vapor of another liquid coagulating the threads immediately after emerging from the spinneret and before the actual coagulation process in the precipitation bath.
• the maximum distance between the nozzle and the precipitation bath surface of 11.4 cm known from the patent literature also plays no significant role.
• the distance between the nozzle and Rällbad can be, for example, 50 cm and more without the threads converging and sticking.
• polymers which are normally not hydrophilic, preferably acrylonitrile polymers and particularly preferably those with at least 50% by weight, in particular with at least 85% by weight, of acrylonitrile units are spun.
• vapors suitable according to the invention for pre-coagulation of the threads which have not yet solidified are all vapors of substances which are non-solvents for the spun polymers, in particular acrylonitrile polymers, for example in the case of acrylonitrile polymers, mono- and polysubstituted alkyl ethers and esters of polyhydric alcohols , such as diethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, glycol ether acetates. Alcohols such as 2 ethylcyclohexanol, glycerol, esters or ketones or mixtures, e.g. from ethylene glycol acetates, suitable.
• substances which can be easily evaporated whose flash point is high and whose flammability is low, for example methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride.
• both the cross-sectional structure and the width of the outer surface and the hydrophilicity of the threads can be controlled.
• the thickness and thus the hem width of the lateral surface can be selected by the choice of the ratio of air to steam mixture or only the amount of steam Control that core / sheath fibers with large hem width of the outer surface, which can account for up to approximately 75% of the total fiber cross-sectional area, are preferably produced at high steam quantities.
• core / sheath fibers are obtained in reverse, which more and more approach the cross-sectional structure customary in the wet spinning process and which have a correspondingly low water retention capacity.
• the cross-sectional structure of the core / sheath fibers was determined on the basis of electron micrographs. To determine the proportion of core or outer surface of the fibers, approximately 100 fiber cross sections were evaluated by quantitative analysis using the "Classimat" image analysis device from LEITZ.
• the steam is preferably blown in above the spinneret in the direction of the thread take-off.
• the threads and fibers produced by the process according to the present invention show a high absorbency, water absorption without swelling, rapid moisture transport and high moisture absorption and, also due to the porous structure, a low density due to their porous core-shell structure.
• the sum of these positive properties in a single fiber product thus provides a fiber from which textile structures, in particular items of clothing, can be produced convey excellent comfort to the wearer.
• the Hg density (mean apparent density) is determined by volume measurements in mercury at an overpressure of 10 bar.
• the helium density (“true density”) is determined by measuring the volume in helium with a gas comparison pycnometer.
• the cladding thickness on the fiber surface is determined as the distance from the outside of the fiber (stepping vertically inwards from the outside) to the point at which the described structural difference can be seen.
• the water retention capacity is determined on the basis of DIN regulation 53814 (cf. Melliand Textile Reports 4 1973, page 350).
• the threads were then drawn 1: 6 times in boiling water at 80 ° C., washed in water and dried at 100 ° C.
• the individual threads with a final titer of 3.3 dtex had a water retention capacity according to DIN 53 814 of 42%.
• the threads had a pronounced core / jacket structure with an irregular, multi-serrated cross-sectional shape.
• the surface area of the jacket was approximately 20% of the total cross-sectional area.
• Example 2 An acrylonitrile copolymer with the chemical composition of Example 1 was spun in a manner similar to that described in Example 1.
• the steam temperature was 105 ° C.
• Example 2 An acrylonitrile copolymer with the chemical composition of Example 1 was spun, stretched and post-treated as described in Example 2.
• the coagulation bath consisted of pure water.
• the individual threads with a final titer of 3.3 dtex had a water retention capacity of 43%.
• the threads again had a core / shell structure with a bean-shaped to trilobal cross-sectional shape. Area share of the jacket approx. 30%.
• Example 2 Part of the spinning solution from Example 1 was spun as described there and aftertreated.
• the amount of steam fed was 5 kg per hour.
• the steam temperature was 110 ° C.
• the coagulation bath consisted of 40% DMF and 60% water.
• the precipitation bath section was 50 cm long.
• the single. threads with a final titer of 3.3 dtex had a water retention capacity of 36%.
• the threads again had a core / sheath structure with an irregular trilobal to mushroom-shaped cross section form.
• the surface area of the jacket was approximately 15% of the total cross-sectional area.
• Example 2 Another part of the spinning solution from Example 1 was spun as described there. Instead of steam, air at 115 ° C. was blown through the tube and the threads were coagulated, drawn and post-treated in a precipitation bath analogously to that described in Example 1.
• the individual threads with a final titer of 3.3 dtex have a bean-shaped to oval cross-sectional shape, but no core / shell structure.
• the water retention capacity is 6%.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6016079

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (9)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1977
  • 1977-08-10 DE DE19772736065 patent/DE2736065A1/de active Pending
• 1978
  • 1978-07-27 NL NL7815008A patent/NL7815008A/xx unknown
  • 1978-07-27 EP EP78100522A patent/EP0000740A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1978-07-27 GB GB7925343A patent/GB2041288B/en not_active Expired
  • 1978-07-27 BE BEBTR18A patent/BE18T1/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1978-08-08 IT IT26602/78A patent/IT1098362B/it active
  • 1978-08-08 US US05/931,955 patent/US4257999A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1978-08-08 AT AT0576378A patent/ATA576378A/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1978-08-08 CA CA000308941A patent/CA1117265A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1978-08-09 JP JP53096265A patent/JPS6047923B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1978-08-09 IE IE1621/78A patent/IE47289B1/en unknown
• 1979
  • 1979-04-23 FR FR7910316A patent/FR2416960A1/fr active Granted

Patent Citations (4)

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