Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
  • A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
  • A61K31/235—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group
  • A61K31/24—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group having an amino or nitro group
  • A61K31/245—Amino benzoic acid types, e.g. procaine, novocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
  • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a mixture of local enesthe- tically active compounds in base form in order to obtain topical anesthesia through skin, process for its preparation, and method for obtaining topical local anesthesia.
• the object of the present invention is to obtain a possibility of utilizing local anesthetically active compounds in base form and to obtain a maximal concentration of active substance at the application on skin in order to obtain local anesthesia with as low a dose as can be.
• the wish has than been to obtain an oil phase, containing high amount of local anesthetic, which, by means of a simple carrier, easily can be aoplied on the intended surface.
• the invention is characterized in that one local anesthetic agent in the form of its base and as such having a melting point of 30 to 50°C is mixed with one other local anesthetic agent in the form of its base and as such having a melting point of above 30°C, preferably above 40°C.
• the inversion prilocaine or tetracaine in base form is mised with one of benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine mepivacaine, or etidocaine or tetracaine in base form. It is avident that when tetracain is used as first base it can not be used as second base.
• prilocains and bensocaine are mixed in a weight ratio of 65:35 to 80:20, preferably 70:30.
• prilocaine and lidecaine are mixed in a weight ratio of 42:58 to 80:20, preferably 47:53 to 62:38.
• prilocaine and etidocaine are mixed in a weight ratio of 55:45 to 95:5, preferably 60:40 to 80:20.
• prilocaine end mepivacaine are mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 90:3, preferably 85:15 to 90:10.
• prilocaine According to another, further preferred embodiment prilocaine and bupivacaine are mixed in a weight ratio of 72:28 to 97:3. preferably 78:22 to 88:12.
• Tetracaine and lidocaine in their base forms are mixed in a weight ratio of 40:60 to 70:30, preferably 45:55 to 55:45, most preferably 50:50.
• Compounds under a) are prilocaine, tetracaine, butanilicare and trimecaine
• Compounds under b) are bensocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, dibucaine, mepivacaine and etidocaine, as well as tetracaire, butanilicaine ano trimecaine.
• the local anesthetic agents of a) end b) respectively in base, crystalline form are mixed together and heated the mixture shall have a resulting melting temperature of below 40°C and thereby form a homogenous oil.
• the oil is complet-40°C and thereby from a homogenous oil. the oil is completely reformed if heated to the melting point even after a storage at low temperature for long time.
• Accoroing to another aspect of the present invention a method for obtaining local anesthesia by means of topical application on skin, whereby a mixture of prilocaine or- tetracaine in the form of its base, and any of the compounds ensocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, mapivacaine, etidocaine or tetracaine in a therapeutically effective amount-is applied onto the skin surface through which anesthesia is to be obtained.
• the mixture is added in a dose of 0.5 to 10 mg/cm 2 of skin.
• the expression skin above relates to mucous membrane as well as intact or wounded skin.
• injectable compositions which injectable compositions contain in oil form one local anesthetic agent in base form and as such having a melting print of 30° to 50°C, and one other local anesthetic agent in base form and as such having a melting point of above 30°C, preferably above 40°C.
• composition will have a potent clinical use in more rapid onset of effect and/ or prolonged duration of local anesthetic effect.
• Bensocaine, 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, has the formula Tetracaine, 2-(dimethylomino)ethylester of p-butylaminoben- soic acid has the formula
• 1-methyl-2-(2,6-xylylcarbamoyl)piperidine is under the generic name mepivacaine and is sold under the trade mark Carbocaine®
• 1-butyl-2-(2,6-cylylcarbamoyl)piperidine is known under the generic name bupivacaine and is sold under the trade mark Marcaine®
• 2-propylamino-N-(2-tolyl)propionamide is known under the generic name prilocaine and is sold under the trade mark Citanest®
• Diethylaminoacet-2,6-xylidide is known under the generic name lidocaine and is sold under the trade mark Xylocaine®
• 2-ethylpropylamino-2,6-n-butyroxylidide is known under the generic name etidocaine and is sold under the trade mark Dursnest®
• Prilocaine has a melting point of 38°C lidocaine a melting point of 68°C; etidocaine a melting point of 88°C; mepivacaine a melting point of 155°C; bupivacaine a melting point caine a melting point of 155°C; bupivacaine melting point of 110°C; bensocaine a melting point of 89°C tetracaine melting point of 41°C, butanilicaine a melting point of 45--46°C, trimecaine a melting point of 44°C, and dibucaine a melting point of 65°C.
• mixtures have a melting point minimum within the given ranges.
• the mixtures form eutectic mixtures, with eutectic minima.
• the oil formed by the local anesthetically active compounds in the form of their bases can be administered as such, or be transferred onto a carrier such as paper, or be intro- ducad into a liquid carrier in order to form an emulsion, or as an emulsion in an sintment base.
• a carrier such as paper
• intro- ducad into a liquid carrier in order to form an emulsion, or as an emulsion in an sintment base.
• the different forms of preparation depend on where one wants to obtain anesthesia.
• the two local anesthetically active compounds in arystallira form were weighed together and heated to 30°C. whereby the two compounds melted and formed a homogenous pil.
• the mixture of crystals has a melting point of 22°C. The mixture did not crystallize even for very long time of storage at strong cold, when reheated to 22°C
• the two local anesthetically active compounds, in crystalline form, were weighed together and were treated to 35°C, whereby the two compounds melted and former a homogenous oil.
• the melting point of the mixture is 29°C.
• the two local anesthetically active compounds in crystalline form were weighed together and were heated to 40°C Whereby the two compounds melted and formed a homogenous oil.
• the melting point of the mixture is 33°C.
• the two local anesthetically active compounds, in crystalline form, were weighed together and heated to 40°C, whereby the compounds melted and formed a homogenous oil.
• the melting point of the mixture is 34°C.
• the two local anesthetically active compounds in crystalline form, were weighed together and were heated to 35°C, whereby the compounds melted and formed a homogenous oil.
• the melting point is 29°C.
• the two local anesthetically active compounds, in crystalline form, were mixed together and were then headed to 25°C, whereby the compounds melted and formed an homo- genous oil.
• the melting point of the mixture is 17°C.
• a mixture according to Example 1 was applied onto a carrier of paper in an amount of 1. 5 mg/cm 2 .
• the carrier, 1 cm 2 , with the mixture was applled on the teeth gums in the vicinity of the root point of the tooth to be treated, prior to a deep cavity preparation in a vital tooth. After about 5 min the treatment could be carried out without giving the patient any pain sense.
• the mixtures prepared shall preferably be present in oil form at temperatures about 40°C and below.
• the biological effect of the local anesthetic mixture of the present invention was determined in an experimental investigation of dermal analgesia by epidermal application of different local anesthetic formulations.
• Pre-formed poor consisting of cellulose fibres, 2 times 2 centimetres, were soaked by a standardized procedure in either an emulsion containing 5 % lidocaine base + 5 % prilocaine base, an emulsifying agent and water, 10 % lidocaine base in the same vehicle, 10 % prilocaine base in the same vehicle, or a placebo emulsion containing the emulsifying agent and water only.
• the four different emulsions were applied under occlusive dressings consisting of impervious tape, while on the other arm the fcur emulsions were applied under a non--occlusive dressing, using surgical tape (3M). A certain distance between the application areas was chosen in order to avoid any risk of interference between them.
• the application time for the pads was 60 minutes.
• the pin-pricing procedure was carried out with disposable dental needles.
• the licocaine and crilocaine emulsions were found to be insignificantly more effective then the placebo emulsion under occlusion as well as insignificantly different in effect to placebo under a non-occlucive bandage, as evident from Table I, statistical data, below.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

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Cited By (6)

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• 1977
  • 1977-12-01 SE SE7713618A patent/SE7713618L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1978
  • 1978-11-23 NO NO783950A patent/NO149913C/no unknown
  • 1978-11-27 AU AU41960/78A patent/AU525417B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1978-11-28 NZ NZ189026A patent/NZ189026A/en unknown
  • 1978-11-28 IE IE2350/78A patent/IE47682B1/en active Protection Beyond IP Right Term
  • 1978-11-30 FI FI783668A patent/FI68173C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1978-11-30 CA CA000317179A patent/CA1118350A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1978-11-30 DK DK538978A patent/DK154187C/da active
  • 1978-12-01 AT AT0859578A patent/AT364451B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1978-12-01 EP EP78850021A patent/EP0002425B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1978-12-01 AR AR274659A patent/AR218948A1/es active
  • 1978-12-01 JP JP14894878A patent/JPS54101414A/ja active Granted
  • 1978-12-01 DE DE7878850021T patent/DE2861326D1/de not_active Expired
• 1982
  • 1982-08-26 US US06/411,624 patent/US4529601A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1984
  • 1984-01-28 SG SG84/84A patent/SG8484G/en unknown
  • 1984-05-17 HK HK432/84A patent/HK43284A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1985
  • 1985-02-11 US US06/684,458 patent/US4562060A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1985-12-30 MY MY61/85A patent/MY8500061A/xx unknown
• 1993
  • 1993-06-10 NL NL930051C patent/NL930051I2/nl unknown
  • 1993-06-16 LU LU88309C patent/LU88309I2/fr unknown

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