EP0006774A2 - Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe - Google Patents

Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0006774A2
EP0006774A2 EP79400317A EP79400317A EP0006774A2 EP 0006774 A2 EP0006774 A2 EP 0006774A2 EP 79400317 A EP79400317 A EP 79400317A EP 79400317 A EP79400317 A EP 79400317A EP 0006774 A2 EP0006774 A2 EP 0006774A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
vaporization
flame
mixing chamber
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79400317A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0006774A3 (en
EP0006774B1 (de
Inventor
Joseph Le Mer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bosch Thermotechnologie SAS
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT79400317T priority Critical patent/ATE1869T1/de
Publication of EP0006774A2 publication Critical patent/EP0006774A2/de
Publication of EP0006774A3 publication Critical patent/EP0006774A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0006774B1 publication Critical patent/EP0006774B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F23D11/443—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame
    • F23D11/445—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame the flame and the vaporiser not coming into direct contact

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of combustion of a liquid fuel as well as a burner for its implementation and more particularly still, a self-cleaning combustion head with integral combustion.
  • the liquid fuel is atomized by means of a nozzle, then mixed with air in a combustion head, before burning in a yellowish flame.
  • a system based on this technique requires, for the combustion to be good, that the flame occurs in a sufficiently large space, so that all the particles of atomized fuel have time to burn.
  • the hearth where this form of combustion occurs is too small, the non-consumed liquid particles are projected onto the walls which, at too low a temperature, cause condensation and some pollution (soot, tar, etc.); it follows that the combustion efficiency and the heat exchange coefficient of the exchanger decrease by the insulation caused by the soot film which is interposed between the flame and the wall of the hearth.
  • the minimum flow rate of the sprinklers is limited.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to reduce the volume of the combustion gases, thereby allowing the dimensions of the exchanger of the heating appliances, and in particular of the fireplace, to be reduced. Indeed, combustion in the presence of a blue flame, at very high temperature, as caused by the apparatus described in the present invention, makes it possible to reduce the combustion chamber by at least 90%, and consequently to reduce the weight and therefore the cost price of the devices in a high proportion.
  • the liquid fuel is gasified, for example in a pot, and then burns, mixed with air, in the form of a yellow flame, sometimes blue, according to the method adopted.
  • This form of combustion has the disadvantage of being
  • combustion takes place according to the two types of burner mentioned above.
  • the combustion takes place in the atomized form of the liquid fuel, by spraying, by means of a cup or a rotary bell, the fuel then being gasified by heating of the said bell or cup.
  • This generally results in combustion by blue flame.
  • Devices based on this principle have many drawbacks, mainly due to the balance and wear of the moving parts and their fouling.
  • Another object of the invention is to allow perfect combustion of a liquid fuel, whatever the desired power, very low (less than 1 liter per hour) or very high (several tens of liters per hour), without the presence spraying devices, such as a sprinkler or a rotating cup.
  • such combustion for example in the form of an absolutely blue flame, depending on the type of fuel used, avoids any pollution of the atmosphere.
  • a first phase it involves performing a gasification or vaporization of the liquid fuel, away from the flame. Then, in a second phase, it is imperative to mix the vaporized fuel with an oxidizer such as air, in a special chamber and still sheltered from the flame, so as to obtain a stoichiometric mixture. Finally, in a third phase, the mixture thus obtained is burned, in an appropriate zone, separate from the vaporization and mixing zones.
  • an oxidizer such as air
  • the film spraying makes it possible, in fact, to avoid any contact between the wall of the spraying element and the liquid to be vaporized, which avoids any possible fouling of this element, while carbonization by pyrolysis, which consists in bringing to high temperature certain parts of the burner, eliminates particularly dense and fatty, non-vaporizable elements.
  • the film vaporization is in fact a caléfaction, maintained in an appropriate device, if we consider that the caléfaction is the physical process of vaporization of a drop of liquid, by a wall, at high temperature, this drop not being in contact with said wall, due to the existence of a vapor film, emitted from the drop itself, under the effect of the thermal energy transmitted by the wall.
  • the inventor proposes a burner for all liquid fuels, provided with a hollow vaporization body, with a means of initiating combustion and with means of heating for starting, remarkable in that it comprises a fixed body, provided with a tubular vaporization duct or duct, in which is conveyed, by an oxidizing vector fluid or not, a liquid fuel of, the said channel or conduit opening directly or not, in a mixing chamber, distinct from the said channel and which also receives an oxidizer, the heating means being arranged to heat the fixed body at start-up, while the shape of the said body is such that the combustion flame licks it in part, so that the liquid fuel is vaporized or gasified away from the flame, at least in part, and preferably entirely, in the channel or conduit vaporization.
  • the liquid fuel feeds the burner through an intake pipe, opening into the vaporization channel or conduit, while the carrier fluid, for example in the form of gas, air, vapor or water, is introduced into the said fuel vaporization channel or conduit, in the vicinity of said
  • Such a device makes it possible in particular to obtain a film vaporization and a carbonization of the fatty elements, by pyrolysis, thereby avoiding any risk of fouling.
  • the elimination of the nozzle for atomizing the fuel as well as moving parts means that the above-mentioned fixed combustion head has very interesting mechanical reliability, in particular in the case of use in a small domestic appliance. .
  • a burner according to the invention makes it possible to equip boilers and generators, the design of which is particularly studied to receive a blue flame, at high temperature.
  • the conduit in which the fuel is conveyed consists of a tubular coil embedded, for example by overmolding, in the body of the burner.
  • the mixing chamber preferably consists, at least in part, of the body, in such a way that it is continuously heated during combustion.
  • a thermostat with a change-over contact for stopping at the desired temperature, the starting heating means, in the form for example of a heating resistance and causing on the one hand, the arrival of the liquid fuel. and of the carrier agent, in the vaporization conduit, and on the other hand, the actuation of the combustion initiation means, in the form for example of an electrode, controlled by means of a box regulator and transformer.
  • the body may have a substantially annular shape, preferably flared towards the outside, while a combustion grate or flame holder is arranged in the central part, so that the flame has a central position and licks the said body. from the inside.
  • the mixing chamber is preferably constituted, at least in part, by the body, which for this purpose has in its central part a form of bowl, in which the oxidant enters through one or more openings formed in it. this.
  • a final mixing chamber is arranged between the combustion grate or flame holder and the mixing chamber, by means of a separator constituted by a plate, provided with a central duct which plunges into the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber has a central oxidant inlet orifice, arranged in the lower wall thereof and provided with a flange with converging walls directed towards the separator duct and substantially coaxially, said duct having a shape or divergent walls.
  • Another embodiment is remarkable, in that the body has a substantially frustoconical shape, with a central heating means at start-up, while the combustion grate is arranged around said body, so that the annular flame licks the says body from the outside.
  • the mixing chamber is made in two parts, a first part arranged in the upper part of the body and into which the vaporization duct opens and a second part, arranged in the lower part of the body and into which the oxidizer, the two parts of the chamber communicating through orifices made in the body, around the heating means, while an annular chamber of final mixture is provided under the combustion grate and communicates with the second part mentioned above of the bedroom.
  • a casing is fixed under the mixing chamber and has an orifice, for letting pass the intake pipe of the liquid fuel, an orifice for the agent tor and an orifice for the oxidizer, thereby constituting a preheating chamber.
  • the carrier agent and the oxidizer are air, a single orifice in the casing then being provided for this air, which goes partly into the vaporization duct and partly into the mixing chamber.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to use another vector agent, as has already been said, the mixing with the oxidizing air taking place in the chamber provided for this purpose.
  • the new burners for liquid fuel according to the invention will also be able to equip a new generation of heaters and heat pump exchangers, having a liquid fuel as additional energy, instead of electricity. It is also possible to imagine small domestic heaters, operating by suction cup, thus avoiding the traditional chimney, since the combustion gases can be directly discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the main figures 1, 3 and 5 represent three embodiments according to the invention.
  • the first digit indicates the number of the main figure in which it is represented.
  • the digit or digits following the first digit of each reference are identical when it comes to designating elements or bodies having similar or similar functions.
  • the burner according to the invention comprises a molded body 18, 38, 58 made of metal, alloy or other material, resistant to high temperatures.
  • This body is provided with a vaporization duct 12, 32, 52 generally constituted by a molded tubular coil, the inlet and outlet ends of which are referenced respectively by 13, 33 and 19, 39, 59.
  • An electrical resistance of annular preheating 17, or in the form of a central bar 37, is embedded in the body of the burner.
  • An intake pipe 14, 34, for the liquid fuel, is arranged at the entrance to the vaporization duct.
  • the conduit 12, 32, 52 opens in 19, 39, 59, in a mixing chamber 111, 311, 511, formed in part by the body, while another final mixing chamber 113, 313, 513, before combustion , is provided under a combustion grate or flame holder 115, 315, 515.
  • An ignition or combustion ignition electrode 119 and an ionization flame control electrode 120 are fixed in the body 18 by means of locking screws, screwed into suitable orifices 112, while a thermostat (not shown) with reversing contact is arranged under the said body, for example.
  • Figures 1, 2 and 5 show embodiments, in which the body 18, 58 has a substantially annular shape, flared outwards, while the mixing chamber 111, 511 is constituted by said body, which has for this purpose, in its central part, a bowl shape.
  • the final mixing chamber 113, 513 is determined by a combustion grate or flame holder 115, 515 and a separator 117, 517, provided with a duct in the form of a central well, which plunges into said mixing chamber 111,511.
  • the combustion grate 115 is held by means of a screw 116, which passes through the separator duct 117 and which is screwed into the part of the body constituting the lower wall of the mixing chamber 111, while the grate 515 of FIG. 5 is fixed by a screw 518 'screwed into the housing 518.
  • the mixing chamber 111 (FIG. 1) is provided with a plurality of peripheral orifices 110, which are preferably slightly inclined relative to a radial position.
  • the body 58 in the part constituting the mixing chamber 511, is provided with a central orifice 510, provided with a flange 527 with converging walls and arranged in a substantially manner coaxial with the conduit of the separator 517, the latter having a divergent shape or walls.
  • the combustion grate 115 is provided with a plurality of slots 114, arranged radially, while the grate 515, disposed above the separator 517, forms an annular slot 514.
  • the combustion grate 515 is provided with a tubular element central which fits into the separator duct 517 and which is provided with a plurality of orifices 532 for communication between the chambers 511 and 513.
  • FIG. 3 shows a substantially frustoconical body 38, provided with a central heating resistor 37, already mentioned, in the form of a bar.
  • the mixing chamber has two parts, 31la and 311b, arranged respectively above and below the resistor 37.
  • the part 311a of the mixing chamber is hollowed out directly in the upper part of the body 38 and closed by a cover 326, while the part 311b is hollowed out in the lower part of the said body and closed by a seal 322, made of insulating material, disposed between the body 38 and the casing 318, so that the pre-chamber -heating 36 is located just below and that the orifices 310 are formed in the said seal opposite the air inlet orifice 35.
  • the part 311a into which the vaporization conduit 32 opens at 39, communicates with the part 311b, receiving the com running through conduits 323.
  • the annular combustion grate 315 is arranged around the body 38.
  • the part 311b of the mixing chamber communicates with the final mixing chamber 313 by tangential outlet channels 325, while a ring 321 is fitted on the joint 322, in the final mixing chamber 313.
  • the electrical resistance 17, 37 is firstly energized.
  • a thermostat (not shown) with reversing contact, cuts the said resistance and simultaneously allows the arrival of the liquid fuel through the intake pipe 14, 34 and the air inlet through the orifice 15, 35.
  • This thermostat suitably placed under the body 18, 38, 58 for example, causes at the same time and by means of a regulating box and a transformer, electric arcs at the level of the ignition electrode 119 .
  • the liquid fuel arrives at the inlet 13, 33 of the conduit 12, 32, 52 through the intake pipe 14, 34, at the same time as the air which comes from the chamber 16, 36, 56 supplied by 15, 35.
  • the vaporized fuel mixes intimately with the combustion air which arrives through the orifices 110, 310, 510 after having been heated in the preheating chamber 16, 36, 56.
  • the mixing is facilitated in the mode of embodiment of FIG. 1, by the tangential inclination of the orifices 110, which causes a circular movement of the gases.
  • the oxidizing air and the vaporized fuel then flow into the final mixing chamber 113, 313, 513.
  • the mixture obtained passes through the conduit. central of the separator 117, 517.
  • the converging walls of the edge of the orifice 510 and the diverging walls of the central duct of the separator 517 constitute a divergent convergent which has the effect of appreciably improving the circulation of the fuel in the vaporization duct.
  • the vaporized fuel arrives in part 311a and mixes with the combustion air in part 311b, while the channels with tangential outlets allow a vortex mixture of the gases in chamber 313, while that the ring 321 results in good homogeneity of the said gases.
  • the mixture obtained in chamber 113, 313, 513 escapes through the grid 115, 315, 515 and ignites instantly by means of the electrode 119, while the electrode 120 controls the flame by ionization and makes it possible to immediately stop supplying the ignition transformer if there is no flame.
  • This flame control can also be obtained by means of an ionization cell, if desired.
  • the molded body 18, 38, 58 is thus heated by the flame resulting from the combustion of the combustible mixture which leaves through the slots 114, 314, 514, with a sufficient speed to prevent combustion from forming under the grate 115, 315 , 515.
  • the communication section of the separator 117, 517, constituted by its central duct, in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 5, must represent an area in relation to the total area of the slots 114 and 514.
  • the shape of the molded body 18, 38, 58, which represents a surface 11, 31, 51, in contact with the flame determines the shape of said flame, which can be inside ( Figures 1, 2 and 5) or outside ( Figures 3 and 4) of said body, that is to say having a central or annular position.
  • the body 18, 38, 58 allows thermal conduction between the resistor 17, 37 and the tubular coil constituting the vaporizing conduit, and at the same time between the flame and the said coil which is lost at high temperature.
  • the fuel which undergoes a film vaporization is transported by air, which serves as a carrier.
  • air which serves as a carrier.
  • another carrier separate from the combustion air, as it would be possible, to bring the entire combustion air through the inlet of the vaporization duct.
  • the vaporization duct may not be provided with an overmolded coil
  • the carrier may be something other than air
  • the casing 118, 318, 518 may be removed, etc.
  • the trusses of the body and of the combustion grates can be different, as well as the shape of the slots of the said grates, constituted for example by circular orifices or otherwise.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a good combustion process and a burner as described above, in which the vaporization duct or channel is arranged in the fixed body, so as to be sufficiently heated by the flame, but protected from it, so as to allow a film vaporization of the liquid fuel conveyed by the carrier fluid through said channel or conduit, while the mixing chamber makes it possible to obtain a mixture in stoichiometric proportion, at protected from flame, previously vaporized fuel and oxidizer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP79400317A 1978-06-26 1979-05-21 Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe Expired EP0006774B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79400317T ATE1869T1 (de) 1978-06-26 1979-05-21 Brenner fuer fluessige brennstoffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7818998A FR2429967A1 (fr) 1978-06-26 1978-06-26 Procede de combustion d'un combustible liquide et bruleur pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR7818998 1978-06-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006774A2 true EP0006774A2 (de) 1980-01-09
EP0006774A3 EP0006774A3 (en) 1980-01-23
EP0006774B1 EP0006774B1 (de) 1982-11-24

Family

ID=9209973

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400317A Expired EP0006774B1 (de) 1978-06-26 1979-05-21 Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4302180A (de)
EP (1) EP0006774B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS556195A (de)
AT (1) ATE1869T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1123285A (de)
DE (1) DE2964084D1 (de)
ES (1) ES481230A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2429967A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009094677A3 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-12-10 Buzbee (Pty) Ltd A fuel burner system

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4776787A (en) * 1987-04-22 1988-10-11 Hsie Ching Hai Kerosene gasifying and combusting apparatus
EP0348602B1 (de) * 1988-03-25 1993-06-16 Michelberger, Bruno J. Verdampfungsbrenner
DE4238718A1 (de) * 1992-11-17 1994-05-19 Hoval Interliz Ag Vaduz Neugut Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Heizöl
US5812312A (en) * 1997-09-04 1998-09-22 Lorincz; Andrew Endre Microscope slide
EP1523538A1 (de) * 2002-07-19 2005-04-20 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Verwendung eines Gelbbrenners
CA2493884A1 (en) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Use of a blue flame burner
ES2581077T3 (es) 2002-10-10 2016-08-31 Lpp Combustion, Llc Sistema para la vaporización de combustibles líquidos para combustión y método de utilización
HUE054567T2 (hu) * 2004-12-08 2021-09-28 Lpp Comb Llc Eljárás és készülék folyékony szénhidrogén üzemanyagok kondicionálására
US8529646B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-09-10 Lpp Combustion Llc Integrated system and method for production and vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for combustion
CH700919B1 (de) * 2007-10-01 2010-11-15 Toby Ag Brenner mit einer Verdampferkammer.
JP2010230257A (ja) * 2009-03-27 2010-10-14 Dainichi Co Ltd 燃焼装置

Family Cites Families (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE428711C (de) * 1926-05-12 Eduard Straub Vergaserbrenner
FR530058A (fr) * 1920-01-13 1921-12-13 Procédé et appareil pour l'utilisation des huiles pour le chauffage des fours
GB176929A (en) * 1921-01-04 1922-03-23 Champion Kerosene Burner Co Improvements in kerosene burning apparatus
US1464995A (en) * 1921-06-23 1923-08-14 Harry G Miller Oil burner
US1668773A (en) * 1925-07-06 1928-05-08 Branch Louis La Oil burner
US2162432A (en) * 1935-12-06 1939-06-13 Sylvia Remsen Hillhouse Method of burning oil as gas
US2647567A (en) * 1951-07-30 1953-08-04 Ernest F Ciglia Oil burner
GB741769A (en) * 1953-10-06 1955-12-14 Stanton Willis Bates Improvements in or relating to hydrocarbon vapour burners
FR1388449A (fr) * 1964-04-08 1965-02-05 Robert Fischbach K G Brûleur à évaporation pour combustibles liquides
FR1477393A (fr) * 1966-04-27 1967-04-14 Comb Efficiency Corp Brûleur combiné pour carburants liquides et gazeux
CH488148A (de) * 1966-09-16 1970-03-31 Gysi Olga Verfahren zur vollständigen, russfreien Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff, insbesondere Schwerbrennstoff, und Verbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
JPS4523717Y1 (de) * 1968-01-24 1970-09-18
AU2182067A (en) * 1968-05-15 1969-11-20 Collier Edwards Alan Improved liquid fuel burner
DE2054479A1 (de) * 1970-11-05 1972-05-10 Lurz A Vergasölbrenner
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
US4008041A (en) * 1975-10-02 1977-02-15 Gerald Alton Roffe Apparatus for the gas phase combustion of liquid fuels

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009094677A3 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-12-10 Buzbee (Pty) Ltd A fuel burner system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2964084D1 (en) 1982-12-30
ATE1869T1 (de) 1982-12-15
EP0006774A3 (en) 1980-01-23
FR2429967B1 (de) 1981-12-31
ES481230A1 (es) 1979-11-16
EP0006774B1 (de) 1982-11-24
JPS556195A (en) 1980-01-17
US4302180A (en) 1981-11-24
CA1123285A (fr) 1982-05-11
FR2429967A1 (fr) 1980-01-25

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