EP0020472B1 - Procede de traitement d'un materiau a base de tabac - Google Patents

Procede de traitement d'un materiau a base de tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0020472B1
EP0020472B1 EP19790901294 EP79901294A EP0020472B1 EP 0020472 B1 EP0020472 B1 EP 0020472B1 EP 19790901294 EP19790901294 EP 19790901294 EP 79901294 A EP79901294 A EP 79901294A EP 0020472 B1 EP0020472 B1 EP 0020472B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
cellulase
enzyme
treated
expanded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790901294
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0020472A4 (fr
EP0020472A1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Ming-Yi Teng
Bernard Albert Semp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris Products Inc
Original Assignee
Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris USA Inc filed Critical Philip Morris USA Inc
Publication of EP0020472A1 publication Critical patent/EP0020472A1/fr
Publication of EP0020472A4 publication Critical patent/EP0020472A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0020472B1 publication Critical patent/EP0020472B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing

Definitions

  • expanded tobacco comprises an important part of the blend of tobaccos used to produce smoking products and particularly low delivery smoking products. Cost reduction is also realized when expanded tobacco is utilized in that less tobacco is required.
  • a number of tobacco expansion techniques have been described in patents and/or published patent applications in recent years, and these techniques are suitable for use in practicing the present invention.
  • tobacco materials especially tobacco leaf, strip, cut filler, or stem
  • tobacco materials may then be subjected to known expansion techniques thereby resulting in a significantly increased filling capacity when compared to untreated tobacco.
  • U.S. Patents 3,256,888 and 3,256,889 disclose the treatment of tobacco with proteolytic or peptidic enzymes whereby the flavour and smoking characteristics are improved.
  • U.S. Patent 3,240,214 discloses a method for making an improved reconstituted tobacco sheet wherein the tobacco components are treated with catalytic amounts of an enzyme system consisting of cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase. The resulting sheet product has increased tensile strength and elasticity.
  • U.S. Patent 3,974,838 discloses the treatment of tobacco with an amylolytic enzyme capable of converting the starch contained in the tobacco into sugar whereby the smoking properties are improved.
  • Canadian Patent 970,306 discloses the use of pectolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms for the purpose of effecting substantial filbrillation of plant parts, and particularly tobacco, thereby minimizing the need for mechanical beaters or homogenizers. The thus treated tobacco parts are then fabricated into reconstituted tobacco products.
  • U.S. Patent 3,132,651 discloses the treatment of tobacco, preferably uncured, with cellulase to effect a relatively rapid aging or conditioning of the tobacco with a concomitant reduction in nicotine, phenols, and resins.
  • the cellulase used is preferably of the Aspergillus type.
  • the concentration of enzyme used is about 0.001 to 0.1 % of the weight of the water, and generally excessive water is used in the range of 10 to 30 times the weight of the tobacco.
  • the tobacco is drained, repeatedly rinsed with warm water, and dried under moderate heat. This process suffers.several distinct disadvantages.
  • U.S. Patent 3,513,857 discloses a process for treating tobacco stems with a solution of polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes exhibiting catalytic pectinase and hemicellulase activity whereby the stems become swollen and softened.
  • the enzyme solution contains an enzyme to stem weight ratio of between about 1 to 10,000 and 1 to 10, and the concentration of water is about 50 to 1,000%, and preferably about 100 to 400%, of the weight of the dry stems. Treatment times up to about 48 hours may be employed.
  • the present invention now provides an improved process for the enzymatic treatment of tobacco materials which is characterised by the use of cellulase produced by the microorganism Trichoderma viride. Following a suitable incubation period of the tobacco-enzyme mixture, the tobacco is dried and expanded by any of the known expansion techniques. Tobacco treated with cellulase prior to expansion exhibits an increased filling capacity or ability to expand when subjected to known expansion techniques.
  • the process of the present invention may be adapted for use on green, dried, partially cured, or cured tobacco or homogenized leaf cure tobacco.
  • tobacco is meant tobacco leaf, strip, stem, midribs, stalk, reconstituted tobacco sheet, or any combination of said components.
  • Use of cellulase produced by various strains of Trichoderma viride such as ATCC 13631, 24449, 26920, and 26921 is possible; however, we have found that using cellulase produced by Trichoderma (viride) longibrachiatum results in highly satisfactory enhanced expandability of the tobacco.
  • Trichoderma (viride) longibrachiatum QM 9414 (ATCC 26291) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
  • Tobacco preferably in strip or shredded form, is sprayed with a solution of cellulase having an approximate activity of 0.1 to 0.4 units/mg protein. Only enough solution is utilized to assure even distribution of the enzyme throughout the tobacco thereby minimizing energy output in drying the materials after treatment.
  • Typical methods for applying the cellulase to the tobacco materials include spraying, dipping, or passing the tobacco through a bath containing the enzyme solution. Following application of the enzyme solution, the tobacco typically has a moisture content of 20 to 50% by weight.
  • the pH of the tobacco-enzyme system is maintained in a range between 3.5 and 6.5, and optimally at 4.8.
  • the tobacco is placed in a container and incubated at a temperature in the range of 35 to 70°C, and preferably at 50°C, for a period of 4 to 124 hours.
  • the tobacco is dried by any suitable means and equilibrated at 23.9°C and 60% relative humidity (r/h).
  • the tobacco is then expanded using known expansion techniques such as those disclosed in Canadian Patent 1,013,640.
  • the expansion techniques as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,734,104 to Buchanan and Madures produce satisfactory results.
  • the tobacco is ready for use in fabricating cigarettes wherein expanded tobacco comprises a part of the total blend.
  • Tobacco materials treated according to the present invention exhibit enhanced expandability thereby resulting in an increased filling capacity of about 10 to 30% as compared to expanded tobacco that has not been pretreated with cellulase.
  • Trichoderma viride medium for cellulase production was prepared according to the following formulation (grams/liter):
  • the broth was divided into 250 ml aliquots and placed in 1-litre creased shake flasks.
  • the flasks were capped (metal) and sterilized for 25 minutes at 121°C and 15 psi.
  • the material may be stored at 0 to 5°C until further usage is desired. Transfer of cultures of Trichoderma viride every 21 days gives satisfactory results.
  • the slants are removed from the incubator and three milliliters of sterile water is introduced. The slant is then shaken (Vortex Genie Mixer, Scientific Products) for 1 minute.
  • the suspension from the slant is asceptically transferred to a 500 ml creased flask containing 100 ml of potato dextrose broth (Difco), capped, and placed in New Brunswick Scientific gyrotory@ water bath shaker set at 24 ⁇ 1 °C.
  • This material is shaken at 80 RPM, for 96 hours at which time it is removed and placed in a refrigerator at 0 to 5°C for at least 12 but no longer than 48 hours prior to usage.
  • This material will be referred to hereinafter as the seed broth.
  • Step (A) Four milliliters of seed broth were transferred to the flasks containing 250 ml of cellulase induction broth as prepared in Step (A). The flasks were then placed in a New Brunswick Scientific gyrotory® water bath shaker and incubated at 60 RPM, 24 ⁇ 1°C for 14 days.
  • the Trichoderma viride-containing broth was removed from the shaker and quickly chilled in an ice bath.
  • the chilled broth was centrifuged at 12,000 g for 30 minutes in a refrigerated centrifuge (Beckman Model J-21 C).
  • the supernatant broth was then passed through a 0.2 ⁇ milipore filter, poured into sterile flasks packed in ice, and stored in a refrigerator at 0 to 5°C. This cellulase-containing culture broth was then ready for enzyme assays.
  • Assay 2 Cx Activity - To 5 ml of the enzyme solution obtained in Step (D) is added 250 mg Avicel PH 105 and the mixture is adjusted to pH 4.8 using 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.8. The mixture is incubated at 50°C for 24 hours and then filtered. To the filtrate is added 1 ml of 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.8 and 3 ml DNS. The mixture is boiled for 5 minutes, diluted with 8 ml of water and the optical density is read at 550 m ⁇ on a spectrophotometer.
  • the tobacco was placed in a container and incubated at 50°C for 72 hours.
  • the treated tobacco material was then air-dried and equilibrated at about 23.9°C and 60% r/h.
  • This material was then expanded using the process as disclosed in Canadian Patent 1,013,640.
  • the expanded material was equilibrated at 23.9°C and 60% r/h, and the filling capacity was determined by the cylinder volume determination of Wakeham et al.
  • the increased filling capacity of the cellulase-treated tobacco samples ranged from 12% to a high of 29% with an average of 19.1% when compared to expanded tobacco samples that had not been treated with cellulase. Enhanced expandability of cellulase-treated tobacco is evident from the above results.
  • tobacco filler was treated with pectinase, hemiceullulase, and pectinesterase purchased from Sigma Chemical Company.
  • pectinase hemiceullulase
  • pectinesterase purchased from Sigma Chemical Company.
  • One kg of tobacco filler was treated with 300 ml of appropriate buffer, which contained 1 g of the designated enzyme.
  • the tobacco-enzyme mixture was incubated at the specified optimum temperature for the particular enzyme for 24 hours. Following prolonged incubation at the designated temperature range and moisture content, some degree of spoilage was noted.
  • the enzyme-treated tobacco and control tobacco treated in a similar manner were dried, equilibrated, and expanded as in Example 2. The experimental conditions and results are tabulated below.
  • the cellulase enzyme produced by Trichoderma viride was incorporated into the casing solution and applied to the tobacco.
  • the casing solution which is comprised of a mixture of hygoscopic agents and volatile or nonvolatile flavouring agents is generally sprayed on the tobacco to condition if for further processing.
  • One kg of tobacco filler was sprayed with a buffered solution containing 750 units of total cellulase activity and tobacco casing additives. Control tobacco was sprayed with a similar buffered casing solution containing no cellulase.
  • the treated tobacco and control were incubated for 72 hours at 50°C and then expanded and equilibrated as in Example 2.
  • the cylinder volume of the treated and control tobacco were determined and the results are tabulated below.
  • the cellulase-treated tobacco increased 31.2% more in volume than the untreated control tobacco.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Abstract

L'utilisation de tabac non expanse n'est pas aussi couteuse que l'utilisation de tabac expanse. Ce procede de traitement de tabac augmente la bouffee. Plus particulierement, ce procede consiste a mettre en contact le tabac avec une solution aqueuse enzymatique ayant une activite de cellulase, a incuber le melange tabac-enzyme, puis a expanser le materiau a base de tabac. Les materiaux a base de tabac ainsi traites presentent une capacite d'expansion accrue, qui se traduit par une augmentation importante de la capacite de remplissage lorsqu'ils sont compares au tabac expanse non traite.

Claims (5)

1. Procédé de traitement de matériaux à base de tabac en vue d'obtenir une capacité de remplissage accrue, en mettant en contact le matériau à base de tabac avec une solution tamponnée à un pH compris dans la gamme de 3,5 à 6,5 et contenant de la cellulase, en faisant incuber le mélange de tabac et de cellulase pendant une certaine période de temps, et en faisant sécher et dilater le matériau à base de tabac et traité à la cellulase, caractérisé en ce que la cellulase est produite par le micro-organisme Trichoderma viride.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la solution tamponnée de cellulase contient de 0,1 à 0,4 unité/mg de protéine.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau à base de tabac est choisi parmi un matériau de remplissage découpé dans des tiges, des bandes, ou des nervures médianes, ou encoure du tabac reconstitué.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le tabac traité à la cellulase a une teneur en humidité comprise entre 20 et 50% en poids.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la durée d'incubation est comprise entre 4 et 124 heures et s'effectue à une température comprise dans la gamme de 35 à 70°C.
EP19790901294 1978-09-20 1980-04-22 Procede de traitement d'un materiau a base de tabac Expired EP0020472B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US94422678A 1978-09-20 1978-09-20
US944226 1978-09-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0020472A1 EP0020472A1 (fr) 1981-01-07
EP0020472A4 EP0020472A4 (fr) 1981-02-06
EP0020472B1 true EP0020472B1 (fr) 1982-10-13

Family

ID=25481027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19790901294 Expired EP0020472B1 (fr) 1978-09-20 1980-04-22 Procede de traitement d'un materiau a base de tabac

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0020472B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU527386B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1122551A (fr)
DE (1) DE2963849D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1980000651A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102613689A (zh) * 2012-04-08 2012-08-01 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种提高烟梗润透率和吸食品质的方法
CN102669811A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 一种利用微生物发酵生产低焦低害卷烟膨胀丝的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4298013A (en) * 1980-04-28 1981-11-03 Philip Morris, Inc. Method for recycling cellulosic waster materials from tobacco product manufacture

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3513857A (en) * 1967-12-26 1970-05-26 Philip Morris Inc Process for the treatment of tobacco stems
US3612065A (en) * 1970-03-09 1971-10-12 Creative Enterprises Inc Method of puffing tobacco and reducing nicotine content thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102613689A (zh) * 2012-04-08 2012-08-01 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种提高烟梗润透率和吸食品质的方法
CN102669811A (zh) * 2012-05-28 2012-09-19 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 一种利用微生物发酵生产低焦低害卷烟膨胀丝的方法
CN102669811B (zh) * 2012-05-28 2015-06-17 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 一种利用微生物发酵生产低焦低害卷烟膨胀丝的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU527386B2 (en) 1983-03-03
DE2963849D1 (en) 1982-11-18
AU5068879A (en) 1980-03-27
WO1980000651A1 (fr) 1980-04-17
CA1122551A (fr) 1982-04-27
EP0020472A4 (fr) 1981-02-06
EP0020472A1 (fr) 1981-01-07

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