EP0033651A1 - Oberflächenentwässerungssystem - Google Patents

Oberflächenentwässerungssystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033651A1
EP0033651A1 EP81300418A EP81300418A EP0033651A1 EP 0033651 A1 EP0033651 A1 EP 0033651A1 EP 81300418 A EP81300418 A EP 81300418A EP 81300418 A EP81300418 A EP 81300418A EP 0033651 A1 EP0033651 A1 EP 0033651A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover member
members
cover
channel
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81300418A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0033651B1 (de
Inventor
Neill Sanders Beanland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WEST YORKSHIRE METROPOLITAN COUNTY COUNCIL
Original Assignee
WEST YORKSHIRE METROPOLITAN COUNTY COUNCIL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WEST YORKSHIRE METROPOLITAN COUNTY COUNCIL filed Critical WEST YORKSHIRE METROPOLITAN COUNTY COUNCIL
Priority to AT81300418T priority Critical patent/ATE7614T1/de
Publication of EP0033651A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033651A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033651B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033651B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/221—Kerbs or like edging members, e.g. flush kerbs, shoulder retaining means ; Joint members, connecting or load-transfer means specially for kerbs
    • E01C11/223—Kerb-and-gutter structures; Kerbs with drainage openings channel or conduits, e.g. with out- or inlets, with integral gutter or with channel formed into the kerb ; Kerbs adapted to house cables or pipes, or to form conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surface drainage system and to a cover member for use therein.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with a combined kerb and drainage block arrangement for use on highways, although the system does find more general application.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a system which will more closely meet these requirements.
  • a cover member for use in a surface drainage system, the cover member being of inverted channel section and having a top wall and two opposite side walls between which an open-ended channel is.defined, and the cover member having at least one opening extending through a side wall thereof and communicating with the channel, the lowermost part of the opening intersecting the outer surface of the respective wall at a location that is no closer to the bottom than to the top of the cover member, and that is desirably from 0.5 to 0.7 of the total height of the cover member.
  • a surface drainage system which may be used as a combined kerb and drainage system for a highway, comprises in combination open-ended channel section base members each having a base wall and two opposite side walls between which the channel is defined, the base members being designed to be laid end-to-end in longitudinal alignment, and cover members as aforesaid laid above the base members and combining therewith to form an enclosed drainage channel.
  • the edge of the carriageway surface When used as a kerb and highway drainage system the edge of the carriageway surface must terminate at a level not lower than the lowermost parts of the openings into the side walls of the cover members in order that surface water may drain from the carriageway into the drainage system. Ensuring that these openings are no closer to the bottom than to the top of the cover member and that the cover member is of inverted channel section leads to a number of significant advantages.
  • the positioning of the openings allows there to be a significant depth of cover member between the opening and the base member, and thus a significant depth of carriageway material above the level of the upper edges of the side walls of the base members.
  • cover members This allows versatility in that if drainage is required to run across the carriageway or across a road junction into the carriageway all that needs to be done is for cover members to be omitted in these areas and for the base members to be covered by cover plates over which carriageway material is laid.
  • a significant thickness of material can be applied so that the road surface is not prone to breaking up in the region of the crossing.
  • the depth of the cover members below the opening can be made such that the total depth of cover member is similar to or greater than the total depth of conventional kerbs so that the system can be laid as a simple continuation of conventional kerbing.
  • the inverted channel section of the cover members provides them with significant strength for withstanding traffic loadings while also reducing the amount of material incorporated in the cover members, and thus reducing the weight thereof.
  • the base members may be constructed in incremental depths to cater for accumulated drainage flow and generally speaking it is desirable for the cross-sectional area of the channel in any base member to be such as to accept the full design flow volume through the drainage channel formed by that base member and its associated cover member. The additional area within the cover member is then available for overload drainage conditions and is particularly effective in reducing the effects of turbulence when storm water enters the drainage system.
  • a drainage system according to the invention will often include curved base members and junction base members and such base members will usually be covered not by cover members as aforesaid but by inspection or access covers, which may be of conventional form, so that blockages which may occur at bends and junctions can readily be cleared.
  • the system will also usually include base members having an opening in the bottom wall thereof which may be connected to a gulley and/or outfall pipe.
  • the basic system comprises in combination open-ended channel section base members together with cover members of inverted channel section.
  • a typical cover member is shown in Figures 1 to 3 and is made to a standard size designed to withstand traffic loadings and shaped to match any required kerb face.
  • the cover member shown generally as 1, is of inverted channel section with the channel 2 being formed between symmetrical opposite side walls 3 and 4,the lower edges 5 and 6 of which are of interlocking formation designed to engage the base members.
  • An opening 7 is provided at the longitudinal central region of the cover member and extends through the side wall 4 of the cover member. The lowermost part 9 of the opening where it intersects the side wall is located no closer to the bottom than to the top of the respective cover member.
  • the height H 1 of the lowermost part 9 above the bottom of the cover member is from 0.5 to 0.7 of the total height H 2 of the cover member.
  • the edge formed at the part 9 may be rounded off if desired.
  • the transverse cross-sectional shape of the opening is desirably somewhat oval as shown in Figure 2, although other shapes, e.g. rectangular'may be used.
  • An oval shape facilitates manufacture, reduces the degree of weakening of the surrounding material, reduces the length of unsupported carriageway lying across the lower part of the opening and provides an upwardly increasing width that facilitates rapid access into the system of deeper water experienced, for example, during storm conditions.
  • the transverse cross-sectional area of the opening desirably increases from the outer to the inner surface of the side wall, for example by a progressive flare as shown in Figures 1 and 2. This assists in allowing free passage of solid material into the channel and so reduces the risk of blockage.
  • openings of constant transverse cross-sectional area could be used.
  • openings such as shown by phantom lines 8 in Figure 2 may be made one at each end of the member, or a single opening may be located at one end of the member.
  • the member may be modified by having an opening or openings in each of the opposite side walls 3 and 4.
  • the axis of any opening through the side wall e.g. axis A-A in Figure 1, should, in preferred embodiments make an angle oc to the plane extending along the channel midway between the side walls (which plane will be vertical in normal use) of from 40° to 50°. Angles at the mid to the lower end of this range are preferable as the top wall of the member then has greater strength and inspection of the channel is facilitated, as is entry of storm water into the system. A 45° angle has been found to be particularly suitable.
  • a typical base member 11 is shown in Figures 4 to 6.
  • a range of similar base members may be provided, all being generally similar in cross-section but having channels 12 of different depths d.
  • the channel 12 will be formed between symmetrical opposite side walls 13 and 14 having upper edges 15 and 16 respectively shaped to match the lower edges 5 and 6 of the side walls of the cover member and so locate the cover member on the base member.
  • the profile of the channel 12 in the base member may be shaped to suit the anticipated flow velocities of water through the channel.
  • Certain base members may be designed with the base of this channel sloping to form a transition member between base members having channels of different depths d.
  • Both the cover members and the base members may be made from concrete or other suitable material and are designed to withstand the loadings imposed during highway construction and also the traffic loadings on the finished highway.
  • a drainage system according to. the invention will generally include other members as hereinafter described.
  • FIGS 7 to 9 show a typical base junction member which enables flows to be joined and/or diverted.
  • the base junction member shown generally as 17 comprises a main channel 18 and in the direction perpendicular to this main channel the cross-section is generally similar to that of the base member as shown in Figure 4.
  • the base junction member also includes a branch channel 19 which has a cross-section similar to that of the channel 18 and opening into that channel.
  • a base member of this type can be modified to give flow diversion rather than a junction arrangement by filling in one end of the member with material such as concrete, terminating along a curved line such as 20.
  • Figures 10 to 12 show a curved base member 21 which may be incorporated in the system and which will be effective to divert the flow through an angle of 45°. Obviously curved members may also be made for flow diversion through other angles as required.
  • any one of the base members shown in Figures 4 to 12 may be formed with a vertical outlet through its base so that it may be located over a sump to collect grit and debris, or located over an outfall pipe to allow water to flow from the system.
  • the base member may be used to carry flows under carriageways, footways, verges, kerbs and other locations and in such cases the open top of the channel in the base member may be closed by a cover plate or cover block.
  • a plan view of a typical cover plate 22 for a base member as shown in Figure 6 is shown in Figure 13, and a plan view of a cover plate 23 for the curved base member shown in Figure 12 is shown in Figure 14.
  • the spaces between adjacent cover plates 24, 25 are desirably sealed by a jointing strip 26 as shown in Figure 15.
  • Such cover plates are desirably of metal and are used where a run of base members are to pass under a carriageway or other heavy load bearing location.
  • cover block of concrete or other material moulded to seat on the upper edges 15 and 16 of the walls of the base member may be used.
  • the system may include conventional surface water drainage components at certain locations.
  • standard "side entry" kerb type gulley covers and frames or similar forms of inspection covers may be provided in place of cover members for inspection and maintenance purposes. These may be provided at junctions and outfalls as well as at bends in the system and at intervals on long lengths of the system. Where inspection covers are not provided over bends and junctions then it is desirable to use cover plates as shown in Figure 13 or 14 rather than the usual cover members. In certain locations the cover plate or cover member may be replaced by a standard drainage grating in order to collect surface water directly into the base member system. This facility of being combined with existing standard items adds increased versatility to the system.
  • Figure 16 shows a cross-section of a base member and a cover member in situ in a drainage system.
  • a base block 27 preferably made of high quality pressed or vibrated concrete (and including reinforcement if necessary) is laid on a concrete or mortar bed 28 with a concrete backing 29.
  • a number of such base members are laid end-to-end to form a continuous channel.
  • base members of increased depth may be used with transition base members inserted between base members of different depths, all base members generally being laid so that the upper surfaces 30 and 31 of the side walls of the base members are substantially coplanar.
  • vertical spacing members having appropriate interlocking formations on their upper and lower edges may be interposed between the side walls of the cover and base members.
  • a jointing compound may be used to seal the vertical joints between adjacent base members or those members may be constructed with ends,to allow conventional "spigot and socket", “Ogee” or “flexible” type pipe joints.
  • a long run of base members placed end-to-end may be replaced by a continuously extruded concrete block of similar profile in some locations. When laying the run of base blocks during carriageway construction it may be desirable temporarily to omit one base member at intervals in order to collect surface water from the adjacent carriageway construction bed.
  • Cover members 32 are then bedded onto the respective base members or spacing members using mortar or jointing compound 33 to the required alignment.
  • the cover members may be provided with partial concrete backing 34 where anticipated traffic loadings indicate this to be desirable. Again, during carriageway construction occasional cover members may be temporarily omitted to facilitate drainage from the construction works.
  • the base members and cover members should be fixed and bedded in position before carriageway construction materials are laid adjacent to them in order to cater for construction traffic loading. After construction the carriageway surface 35 is laid with the level of the carriageway edge being at or desirably slightly above the lowermost part 36 of the openings 37 into the cover members. A footway or verge 38 may then be laid to abut the opposite side of the cover member 32.
  • cover members may be removed, the height built up with spacing members in the form of insert blocks or with in situ concrete or mortar on the upper edges of the walls of the base members and the lower members replaced to accommodate full road resurfacing without affecting the base member invert levels.
  • those cover members may be constructed with additional inlets in the back wall to accept surface water directly from the footways.
  • occasional ones of a run of standard cover members may be turned through 180° so that the inlet may face the footway rather than the carriageway.
  • cover members 39 When flows of water are to be diverted underneath carriageways or other elements the cover members are omitted and the cross-section may then be as shown in Figure 17.
  • base members 39 are bedded into and surrounded with concrete 40 and the open top of the channel in the base member is covered by a plate 41 bedded onto mortar or a jointing compound 42.
  • the plates may be of galvanised steel or other similar material of thickness to suit the respective anticipated traffic loadings. Sealing strips such as shown in Figure 15 may be fixed to the joints between adjacent plates before the plates are covered with concrete and/or with road construction materials 43.
  • Figure 18 shows parts of a drainage system layout along one edge of a carriageway 44. Reading from the top of the Figure a conventional kerb 45 extends alongside the carriageway and is backed by concrete in the normal manner. Part of a drainage system according to the invention crosses the carriageway by means of a run of base members such as 46 set in a concrete surround 47, each base member being provided with a cover plate as shown in Figure 17. At the end of this cross run a curved base member 48 is incorporated and joins the member 46 to a junction base member 49, one end of which is filled with in situ concrete 50 to form a bend.
  • base members such as 46 set in a concrete surround 47
  • each base member being provided with a cover plate as shown in Figure 17.
  • a curved base member 48 is incorporated and joins the member 46 to a junction base member 49, one end of which is filled with in situ concrete 50 to form a bend.
  • junction base member 49 Adjacent to the junction base member 49 there extends a run of base members 51, both the junction member 40 and the base members 51 being set in a concrete foundation and backing 52 in the manner shown in Figure 16.
  • the junction member 49 could be omitted and the run 46 joined to the run 51 by a curved member such as 48 of appropriate orientation.
  • the curved base member 48 is covered by a curved cover plate as shown in Figure 14 while the junction base member 49 is covered by a kerb type gulley cover.
  • the base members 51 are fitted with cover members as shown in Figure 16.
  • At the end of the run of base members 51 is a further junction base member 53 receiving the flow from a further set of base members 54 crossing beneath the carriageway and terminating in a curved base member 55.
  • the base members 54 are covered by cover plates
  • the curved base member 55 has a curved cover plate as shown in Figure 14 and the junction member 53 is covered by a kerb type gulley cover.
  • a further run of base members 56 and cover members as shown in Figure 16 then extends to a final base member 57 in the bottom of which is formed an aperture 58 connected to a sump and outfall pipe 59.
  • the base member 57 is again covered by a kerb type gulley cover and from it can extend conventional kerbing 60 aligned to continue the carriageway kerbing.
  • Figure 18 is merely exemplary, but it does illustrate the manner in which drainage systems according to the invention may be designed to suit any location.
  • FIG. 19 Two variants of cover member are shown in Figures 19 and 20.
  • a longitudinally extending step 70 is formed along the outer surface 71 of the top wall 10a, so that one longitudinal part 72 of that surface is at a higher level than the other longitudinal part 73 thereof.
  • the width of the part 72 is desirably equal to the width of conventional kerbing and the members are laid so that parts 72 extend a run of such kerbing.
  • Paving flags 74 or other footway material may be laid on the part 73, the height of the step 70 being such that the upper surface of the footway is level with the part 72.
  • Figure 20 illustrates how a cover member may be modified to incorporate an inspection cover 75.
  • the central part of the member is formed with an opening 76 through the top wall thereof, a recessed flange 77 being left around the opening.
  • This flange supports the cover 75 and any appropriate form of interlocking or sealing arrangement may be incorporated between the flange and the cover.
  • the drainage system of the invention varies from other specialised combined kerb and drainage systems in that the profiles of the base members and cover members have been designed to cater for conveying the maximum quantity of surface water flow in addition to catering for loadings imposed by heavy traffic, with resulting economy in the size and weight of the members. It is particularly preferred that the cross-sectional area of the channel in the base member at any one location is designed to carry the maximum anticipated flow, so leaving the whole of the channel area within the cover members available to cope with exceptional overloads or with turbulent inflow during storm water conditions.
  • the drainage system is capable of being used as extensions to existing kerbs, of crossing under carriageways, footways, verges, vehicle crossings and other obstructions, and of allowing for junctions and changes in direction of flow. Furthermore, it is designed with sufficient surface water inlet area so as not to become blocked by grit or debris. In addition to these advantages it can easily be maintained can be used in conjuntion with many conventional drainage fittings, and can readily be added to conventional kerb and drainage systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
EP81300418A 1980-02-05 1981-02-02 Oberflächenentwässerungssystem Expired EP0033651B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81300418T ATE7614T1 (de) 1980-02-05 1981-02-02 Oberflaechenentwaesserungssystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8003772 1980-02-05
GB8003772 1980-02-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033651A1 true EP0033651A1 (de) 1981-08-12
EP0033651B1 EP0033651B1 (de) 1984-05-23

Family

ID=10511120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81300418A Expired EP0033651B1 (de) 1980-02-05 1981-02-02 Oberflächenentwässerungssystem

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0033651B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE7614T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1144408A (de)
DE (1) DE3163696D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2069574B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009126983A1 (de) * 2008-04-17 2009-10-22 Gmundner Fertigteile Gesellschaft M.B.H. & Co. Kg. Verkehrsfläche

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2124277B (en) * 1982-06-25 1985-10-30 Nippon Zenith Pipe Arched precast concrete culvert
GB2125087B (en) * 1982-08-07 1986-12-10 Charcon Prod Drainage channel blocks
GB2289079B (en) * 1994-05-04 1998-01-14 Ecc Construction Materials Drainage system
GB9611761D0 (en) * 1996-06-05 1996-08-07 Hodkin & Jones Sheffield Ltd Drainage assemblies
GB0024943D0 (en) * 2000-10-11 2000-11-29 Extrudakerb Maltby Engineering Kerb and drainage installation and method and apparatus for fabrication thereof
GB2485207A (en) * 2010-11-05 2012-05-09 Verve Ind Ltd Kerb unit
CN103806358B (zh) * 2014-01-28 2016-08-17 北京四方如钢混凝土制品有限公司 一种排水路缘石组件

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7700385U1 (de) * 1977-01-07 1977-04-21 Record Kg, 6200 Wiesbaden Bausatz zur herstellung einer bordsteinkante

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7200914U (de) * 1972-07-20 Brix + Boretius Kg Hohlprofil zur Oberflächenentwässerung von Sportanlagen
DE7200529U (de) * 1972-07-20 Droege J Abführung des Niederschlagwassers von Straßen neben der Fahrbahn
FR870832A (fr) * 1941-03-15 1942-03-25 Caniveau collecteur en ciment armé
DE1897438U (de) * 1964-04-01 1964-07-30 Friedrich Kubla Bordschwelle mit vorgosse.
DE7004679U (de) * 1970-02-11 1970-07-30 Bestmann Lothar Bauelement fuer einfassungen.
FR2132574B1 (de) * 1971-04-09 1974-03-08 Bourdin & Chausse

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7700385U1 (de) * 1977-01-07 1977-04-21 Record Kg, 6200 Wiesbaden Bausatz zur herstellung einer bordsteinkante

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009126983A1 (de) * 2008-04-17 2009-10-22 Gmundner Fertigteile Gesellschaft M.B.H. & Co. Kg. Verkehrsfläche

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0033651B1 (de) 1984-05-23
GB2069574A (en) 1981-08-26
ATE7614T1 (de) 1984-06-15
GB2069574B (en) 1984-01-25
DE3163696D1 (en) 1984-06-28
CA1144408A (en) 1983-04-12

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