EP0033676B1 - Gemeinsame Antenne für Primär-Radar und Sekundär-Radar - Google Patents

Gemeinsame Antenne für Primär-Radar und Sekundär-Radar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033676B1
EP0033676B1 EP81400052A EP81400052A EP0033676B1 EP 0033676 B1 EP0033676 B1 EP 0033676B1 EP 81400052 A EP81400052 A EP 81400052A EP 81400052 A EP81400052 A EP 81400052A EP 0033676 B1 EP0033676 B1 EP 0033676B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
constituted
waveguides
primary
radar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81400052A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0033676A1 (de
Inventor
Albert Dupressoir
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8001760A external-priority patent/FR2474770A2/fr
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Priority to AT81400052T priority Critical patent/ATE13111T1/de
Publication of EP0033676A1 publication Critical patent/EP0033676A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033676B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033676B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/067—Two dimensional planar arrays using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27—Spiral antennas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/165—Thermal imaging composition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a common antenna for primary radar and secondary radar.
  • this dual-function antenna is constituted by a single mirror supplied in such a way that it is capable of radiating energy into space in order to detect a target or an aircraft - this is called the primary radar function - and also to send a interrogation signal to this aircraft, which has on board an automatic answering machine - this is called the secondary radar function -.
  • control means comprising radiating elements are added to the single antenna considered, acting on the reception of the interrogation by the interrogated answering machine and on the reception of the latter's response by the receiver concerned. , and which radiate according to a quasi-omnidirectional diagram whose level is such that it covers the secondary lobes of the diagram radiated by the main antenna.
  • This arrangement makes it possible by comparison, made in the associated circuits, of the amplitude of the pulses received from the responder and those of control, to determine the pulse received in response to the interrogation by the main lobe.
  • the control means intended to produce this control diagram must be such that the gain of the associated control channels is greater than that of the interrogation and reception channels in the angular zones comprising secondary lobes of the directive interrogation diagram but much lower in the direction of their main lobe.
  • Such an antenna has been described in document US-A-3550135. In this document, however, the radiating elements used essentially support dipoles which have the disadvantage of casting a shadow on the reflector as regards the primary radiation.
  • the secondary radar function is fulfilled by a linear network of radiating elements totally integrated in the antenna reflector, along a passing generator by projecting the phase center of the antenna onto the surface of the reflector.
  • the transmission-reception source of the primary radar function radiates a rectilinearly polarized wave and crossed with respect to the rectilinearly polarized wave emitted by the radiating elements of the secondary radar function.
  • the principle of integrating a radiating network into the antenna reflector can also be applied to other types of radiating sources, in particular sources emitting circularly or elliptically polarized waves.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a common antenna for primary radar and secondary radar of the type described in the cited application, consisting firstly of a single reflector illuminated by a primary source acting as a source of emission-reception. of the primary radar function and on the other hand, by a linear network of radiating elements serving as a source of emission-reception of the secondary radar function, characterized in that the radiating elements of the network are totally integrated in the reflector, the along the generator passing through the projection of the phase center of the antenna on the surface of the reflector and are constituted by waveguides comprising a polarizing device, mobile in rotation around the longitudinal axis of each guide, said guides generating waves polarized rectilinearly or circularly or elliptically.
  • a common antenna for primary and secondary radars can arise depending on the polarization of the waves emitted by the sources. So if the primary radar source is emitting of rectilinearly polarized waves, the source of the secondary radar can emit a rectilinearly polarized wave and crossed with respect to the first or else a circularly or elliptically polarized wave, provided that these two sources do not absorb their waves mutually. Likewise, when the source of the primary radar transmits a circularly or elliptically polarized wave, the source of the secondary radar can emit a polarized contra-rotating wave.
  • the secondary radar function comprises a control channel
  • this can emit polarized waves different from those emitted by the source of the primary radar or even from those emitted by the source of the secondary radar.
  • a first category comprising the elements emitting waves polarized rectilinearly or circularly or elliptically, constituted by the guides of waves with a variable position polarizer
  • a second category comprising the elements emitting circularly or elliptically polarized waves, constituted by waveguides with fixed polarizer, by propellers, or by spirals.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a sectional view of a reflector 1 of common antenna for primary and secondary radars.
  • This reflector 1 comprises a linear array 2 of radiating elements generating waves polarized rectilinearly or circularly (or elliptically).
  • the reflector 1 is made of metallic material or dielectric 3-glass mat impregnated with epoxy-covered by a fabric 4 of glass fibers carrying gimped metallic wires 40 and 41 crossed. These wires are generally made of thin copper.
  • the radiating elements are constituted by waveguides 2i, i varying from 1 to n with n representing the total number of elements of an array, comprising a polarizing device 13 which is movable in rotation around the longitudinal axis A of each guide, and is located in the plane of the reflector 1.
  • This polarizing device 13 is constituted by a plane network of parallel metal blades or by several associated networks of parallel metal wires. This association of wire networks aims for better adaptation, and the spacing as the number of these associated networks allows adjustment of the width of the operating band of the radiating elements of the linear network 2.
  • each waveguide must be such that it brings a short-circuit plane to the level of the reflector 1 .
  • the waveguides 2i are produced in the reflector 1 from the same material as the reflector, covered in the same way by a fabric 4 of glass fibers carrying metallic wires.
  • the guides are filled with dielectric 3.
  • this control channel has one or more additional elements radiating towards the rear. It may be one or more waveguides 11 formed in the material of the cover 10. These additional radiating elements 11 are reduced in number and placed in the cover 10, in the plane of symmetry of the reflector 1 containing the radiating elements towards the before.
  • FIG. 2 represents an alternative embodiment of a common antenna for primary and secondary radars, the elements of the radiation network of waves polarized rectilinearly or circularly or elliptically.
  • the radiating elements of the network are waveguides 2i of another type-i varying from 1 to n, n being the total number of elements of the network 2-, comprising a polarizing device 14 placed inside of each guide 2i.
  • This device 14 is generally constituted by a dielectric blade symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis A 'of each guide 2i, and movable around this axis A' so as to be able to emit waves polarized rectilinearly as circularly or elliptically, along the radiating path .
  • this device can be constituted by adjustable irises making it possible to modify the opening of the guide according to the desired polarization.
  • the radiating elements constituted by waveguides each comprising a polarizing device generate waves polarized rectilinearly or circularly or elliptically, according to the variable position of the polarizing device.
  • the radiating elements are constituted by waveguides with fixed polarizer, they generate circularly polarized waves or else elliptically polarized waves, to the exclusion of each other.
  • the elements consist of propellers 15 each placed in an excitation cavity 16 of such dimension that it brings a short-circuit plane to the level of the reflector 1.
  • Each propeller is connected to the power divider 9 by 1 'through a coaxial line 150.
  • the radiating elements are spirals 17 placed on the surface of the reflector and each excited by a resonant cavity 18 integrated in the same reflector and of dimensions such that they bring back a plane short circuit at the reflector. These spirals are made mechanically or deposited by photoengraving on a dielectric plate. The supply of each spiral is done via a coaxial line 170 which connects the radiating spiral 17 to the power divider system 9.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Gemeinsame Antenne für Primärradar und Sekundärradar, gebildet einerseits aus einem einzigen Reflektor (1), der durch eine Primärquelle angestrahlt wird, welche die Aufgabe der Sende-Empfangs-Quelle der Primärradar-Funktion erfüllt, und andererseits aus einer linearen Gruppe (2) von Strahlerelementen, welche als Sende-Empfangs-Quelle der Sekundärradar-Funktion dienen und eine Kurzschlußebene auf die Höhe des Reflektors legen, dadurch gekennzeicht, daß die Strahlelemente (2i) der Gruppe vollständig in den Reflektor entlang der Erzeugenden integriert sind, welche durch die Projektion des Phasenzentrums der Antenne auf die Oberfläche des Reflektors (1) geht, und daß sie durch Wellenleiter (2i) gebildet sind, die eine Polarisatorvorrichtung (13 oder 14) umfassen welche drehbeweglich um die Längschase (A) jedes Leiters ist, wobei die Wellenleiter Wellen erzeugen, die geradlinig oder zirkular bzw. elliptisch polarisiert sind.
2. Gemeinsame Antenne für Primärradar und Sekundärradar, einerseits gebildet aus einem einzigen Reflektor (1), der von einer Primärquelle angestrahlt wird, welche die Aufgabe der Sende-Empfangs-Quelle der Primärradar-Funktion erfüllt, und andererseits aus einer linearen Gruppe (2) von Strahlerelementen, die als Sende-Empfangs-Quelle der Sekundärradar-Funktion dienen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlerelemente (2i) der Gruppe vollständig in den Reflektor entlang der Erzeugenden integriert sind, welche durch die Projektions des Phasenzentrums der Antenne auf die Oberfläche des Reflektors (1) geht, und daß sie durch Wellenleiter (2i) gebildet sind, die eine feste Polarisatorvorrichtung (15 oder 17) enthalten, wobei die Wellenleiter Wellen erseugen, die zirkular polarisiert sind, oder elliptisch polarisierte Wellen erzeugen.
3. Gemeinsame Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisatorvorrichtung (13) der Wellenleiter (2i) an der Oberfläche des Reflektors (1) liegt.
4. Gemeinsame Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisatorvorrichtung (13) aus mehreren zugeordneten Gruppen von parallelen Metalldrähten gebildet ist.
5. Gemeinsame Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisatorvorrichtung (13) aus einer ebenen Gruppe von metallischen parallelen Scheiben gebildet ist.
6. Gemeinsame Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisatorvorrichtung der Wellenleiter (2i) aus einer dielektrischen Scheibe (14) gebildet ist, welche im Inneren dieser Leiter liegt.
7. Gemeinsame Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlerelemente der linearen Gruppe, die entweder zirkular polarisierte Wellen oder elliptisch polarisierte Wellen erzeugen, durch metallische Helixelemente (15) gebildet sind, welche in Strahlerhohlräumen (16) angeordnet sind, die in den Reflektor (1) integriert und von solchen Abmessungen sind, daß sie eine Kurzschlußebene auf die Höhe des Reflektors (1) legen.
8. Gemeinsame Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlerelemente der linearen Gruppe, welche entweder zirkular polarisierte Wellen oder elliptisch polarisierte Wellen erzeugen, durch Spiralen (17) gebildet sind, welche an der Oberfläche des Reflektors (1) angeordnet und jeweils durch einen Resonanzhohlraum (18) gespeist sind, der in den Reflektor integriert und von solchen Abmessungen ist, daß sie eine Kurzschlußebene auf die Höhe des Reflektors legen.
EP81400052A 1980-01-28 1981-01-16 Gemeinsame Antenne für Primär-Radar und Sekundär-Radar Expired EP0033676B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81400052T ATE13111T1 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-01-16 Gemeinsame antenne fuer primaer-radar und sekundaer- radar.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8001760 1980-01-28
FR8001760A FR2474770A2 (fr) 1978-12-27 1980-01-28 Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033676A1 EP0033676A1 (de) 1981-08-12
EP0033676B1 true EP0033676B1 (de) 1985-05-02

Family

ID=9237928

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81400052A Expired EP0033676B1 (de) 1980-01-28 1981-01-16 Gemeinsame Antenne für Primär-Radar und Sekundär-Radar

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4400701A (de)
EP (1) EP0033676B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE13111T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3170227D1 (de)
DK (1) DK34481A (de)
NO (1) NO154070C (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2640431B1 (fr) * 1988-12-08 1991-05-10 Alcatel Espace Dispositif rayonnant multifrequence
FR2644298A1 (fr) * 1989-03-07 1990-09-14 Malhanche Michel Antenne destinee a la reception des signaux radio-electriques emis par les satellites geo-stationnaires
EP0883907B1 (de) * 1996-02-27 2002-07-31 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Gefaltete bowtie-antenne
US5999137A (en) * 1996-02-27 1999-12-07 Hughes Electronics Corporation Integrated antenna system for satellite terrestrial television reception
US6166703A (en) * 1996-02-27 2000-12-26 Thomson Licensing S.A. Combination satellite and VHF/UHF receiving antenna
US6121936A (en) * 1998-10-13 2000-09-19 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Conformable, integrated antenna structure providing multiple radiating apertures
US7126553B1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2006-10-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Deployable antenna
DE102010034073A1 (de) * 2010-08-12 2012-02-16 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Montage einer Sensor-Baugruppe, insbesondere eines Radarsensors
CN119814056B (zh) * 2025-03-17 2025-05-23 烟台初心航空科技有限公司 二次测风探空雷达探空仪通信装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1094892A (fr) * 1953-10-16 1955-05-25 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Perfectionnement aux antennes pour ondes ultra-courtes
US2895127A (en) * 1954-07-20 1959-07-14 Rca Corp Directive diplex antenna
US3445850A (en) * 1965-11-08 1969-05-20 Canoga Electronics Corp Dual frequency antenna employing parabolic reflector
NL6704219A (de) * 1967-03-22 1968-09-23
FR1540954A (fr) * 1967-05-16 1968-10-04 Csf Perfectionnement aux polariseurs transmetteurs
FR2445629A1 (fr) * 1978-12-27 1980-07-25 Thomson Csf Antenne commune pour radar primaire et radar secondaire

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Antenna Engineering Handbook-Henry Jasik, Editor, MacGraw Hill, 1961 Ch. 17 p. 17-2, 17-3, 17-17,17-18, 17-20, 17-21 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3170227D1 (en) 1985-06-05
DK34481A (da) 1981-07-29
NO154070C (no) 1986-07-09
US4400701A (en) 1983-08-23
NO810277L (no) 1981-07-29
ATE13111T1 (de) 1985-05-15
EP0033676A1 (de) 1981-08-12
NO154070B (no) 1986-04-01

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