EP0456579A1 - Flache, orientierbare Antenne, arbeitend im Mikrowellenbereich - Google Patents

Flache, orientierbare Antenne, arbeitend im Mikrowellenbereich Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0456579A1
EP0456579A1 EP91401207A EP91401207A EP0456579A1 EP 0456579 A1 EP0456579 A1 EP 0456579A1 EP 91401207 A EP91401207 A EP 91401207A EP 91401207 A EP91401207 A EP 91401207A EP 0456579 A1 EP0456579 A1 EP 0456579A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
phase
antenna
network
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91401207A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Claude Lehureau
Erich Spitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0456579A1 publication Critical patent/EP0456579A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/184—Strip line phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave reception or emission antenna, improved by means making it possible to orient the beam relative to the plane of the antenna.
  • the displacement of the means used ensures a semi-fixed adjustment of this antenna, in contrast to electronically scanned antennas in which the orientation of the beam is obtained by means of electronic circuits.
  • the orientable antenna according to the invention can be an antenna of the general public type, therefore economical, of a planar model fixed on or incorporated against the wall of a building: the orientation of the beam is necessary to be able to orient the antenna, electrically but not mechanically by its rotation, towards a transmitter or a television satellite for example.
  • the antenna In this case of video reception, the antenna must work in a range close to 10 GHz, and have low losses, less than 1.5 dB.
  • a microwave antenna must be very high, which requires that large sections of the microwave beam be received or transmitted. This is not possible with axial systems, like horns or Yagi rake antennas, or "fishbone" in English.
  • a known solution consists in associating with a focusing reflector, for example a parabolic, a low gain device such as a horn.
  • a focusing reflector for example a parabolic
  • a low gain device such as a horn.
  • the orientation of the transmitted or received beam requires either the orientation of the focusing reflector or the displacement of the horn relative to the axis of the reflector.
  • the invention proposes a less expensive solution allowing semi-fixed adjustment of the orientation of the beam.
  • semi-fixed it should be understood that an antenna oriented in one direction remains thus adjusted as long as there is no need to modify this direction, but that this is possible. For example, set it to a first TV satellite, then later to a second TV satellite.
  • the beam emitted or received by an antenna in an equiphase planar array comprising a network of dipoles in a plane parallel to a ground plane, can be oriented by displacement, in a plane comprised between that of the dipole network. and the ground plane, of at least one sheet of dielectric material having zones of inhomogeneity which bring a phase shift on the elements of the circuit which connect the input of the antenna to the dipoles.
  • the invention relates to a plane orientable antenna, operating in the microwave, comprising, deposited on an insulating support, a network with a tree structure formed by a plurality of radiating dipoles connected by conductive lines of equal length, this antenna being characterized in that the space situated between the array and its ground plane comprises at least one dielectric sheet comprising phase-shifting elements, placed directly above the conductive lines, said phase-shifting elements bringing a phase shift on the strands of lines connecting the input of the antenna to the dipoles.
  • FIG. 1 represents, seen in plan, a planar equiphase network gathering elements with low gain of a plane microwave antenna, of high total gain. It has symmetry by contribution to its input (or output) symbolized by a transistor 1.
  • a plurality of radiating dipoles 2 are grouped in a network, and connected together by a circuit of conductive lines of equal length, with a tree structure. This means that a conductive line 3, of length L, divides into two conductive lines 4, each of length L / 2, which themselves divide into four conductive lines 5, each of length L / 4 and and so on.
  • each line is interspersed with reactive elements 6 of half-wave length ⁇ / 2 making it possible to tune each node to the characteristic impedance of the line.
  • these lines are orthogonal to each other, and are grouped into two series: the lines that we should call longitudinal, such as 3 and 5, and the lines that we should call transverse , such as 4.
  • this planar equiphase network is in the form of a metallization, of copper for example, deposited on a thin support sheet, such as a film polypropylene or other suitable polymer.
  • a thin support sheet such as a film polypropylene or other suitable polymer.
  • the thin support is stretched at a certain distance from a metallic ground plane in order to use air as a dielectric in the formation of the dipole / dielectric / ground plane microstrip lines.
  • the ratio between the thin support / ground plane spacing and the line width defines the characteristic impedance of the line.
  • This sheet 9 has irregularities calculated in its structure, which bring a phase shift on each strand of the circuit connecting the input 1 of the antenna to the dipoles 2.
  • the irregularities of the sheet 9 in modifying the dielectric located between the network and the ground plane, provide a phase shift continuous excitation of the dipoles 2 which deflects the axis of the main lobe of the antenna, respectively in a transverse or longitudinal direction.
  • this sheet 9 provides a longitudinal linear phase shift (L), obtained by its transverse displacement (T). It comprises a plurality of phase-shifting elements such as 13 and 14, all of which are aligned with the lines of the circuit that we have agreed to call longitudinal, such as 3 and 5. These elements 13 and 14 are distributed symmetrically on two line branches, starting from the common node. For example, on the two branches 3 and 3 ′ of the antenna input, there are four phase-shifting elements 13 between the nodes 10 and 11, and four phase-shifting elements 14 between the nodes 10 and 12. But furthermore, the elements phase shifters 13 and 14 are arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis parallel to the line whose phase they modify: the elements 13 are upside down with respect to the elements 14.
  • the phase shifting elements 13 and 14, molded at the same time as the sheet 9, have a volume whose trace on the sheet 9 is a trapezoid, and whose section perpendicular to this sheet is a corner , or triangle.
  • the trapezium has a short side of length ⁇ / 2, a large side of length between ⁇ / 2 + 20% and ⁇ , and a length (or height of the trapezoid) of the order of ⁇ .
  • the maximum thickness of an element 13 or 14 is of the order of ⁇ / 10.
  • the phase shifting elements 13 and 14 are plumb with the longitudinal branches 3-5 of the circuit: by moving the sheet 9, the thickness of dielectric presented by the phase shifting elements varies, increasing for example for an element 13 and decreasing for an element 14, or vice versa: the variation in speed of the wave as a function of the thickness of the element imposes this form of trapezoid.
  • the width of an element always remains equal to half a wave, which reduces the stray reflections introduced by the element.
  • the head-to-tail arrangement of the phase shifting elements 13 and 14, with respect to a node 10, on the branches 3 and 3 ′, means that a transverse displacement of the sheet 9 results in a phase shift for the branch 3 and a phase shift in the opposite direction for branch 3 ′.
  • the dielectric sheet (s) 9 and 15 are made of ceramic or of polymer materials having a high dielectric constant and a low absorption, such as polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene. They are advantageously molded.
  • phase shifting means exposed so far provide a linear phase shift, by acting on the branches of the circuit between the input 1 of the antenna and the dipoles 2. It is also possible to provide a phase shift by circular polarization of the wave, acting on the dipoles.
  • a dipole can take the form illustrated in FIG. 5: a metallization 16, preferably square, is excited at two points 17 and 18 located on two adjacent sides of the square, therefore at 90 °. If these two excitation points are 90 ° out of phase, the wave generated is circular.
  • an additional phase shift is generated by the interposition, between the circuit on the sheet 7 and the ground plane 8, of a third phase shifting sheet 21 supporting, for each radiative element at least one quarter wave phase shifter 19 and a half-wave phase-shifter 20, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • These phase-shifters are, like the elements of the phase shift 13 and 14, formed by irregularities in the thickness of the third phase-shifting sheet 21, which is also formed in ceramic, polypropylene or other dielectric material.
  • the adjustment of the circular polarization is obtained by the relative displacement of the third sheet with respect to the circuit of radiative elements 16, so that the phase shifters 19 and 20 act on the lines which excite the dipole 16 at 17 and 18.
  • FIG. 7 represents an exploded view of a swiveling antenna fragment, which combines the various improvements described under the invention.
  • the support sheets are spaced therefrom in order to reveal the components of each of them.
  • Sheets 9 and 15 can be merged into a single sheet. All these sheets are of course stretched on rigid frames, not shown, which allow among other things to adjust them in position to orient the antenna.
  • the adjustment means are part of the skill of the art: they are either mechanical means for manual adjustment, or electrical means for adjustment subject to the gain of the antenna.
  • the orientable antenna according to the invention finds its application in the field of reception or emission of microwave waves, in particular for telecommunications.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
EP91401207A 1990-05-11 1991-05-07 Flache, orientierbare Antenne, arbeitend im Mikrowellenbereich Withdrawn EP0456579A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9005902 1990-05-11
FR9005902A FR2662026B1 (fr) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Antenne orientable plane, fonctionnant en micro-ondes.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0456579A1 true EP0456579A1 (de) 1991-11-13

Family

ID=9396519

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401207A Withdrawn EP0456579A1 (de) 1990-05-11 1991-05-07 Flache, orientierbare Antenne, arbeitend im Mikrowellenbereich

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0456579A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04507337A (de)
FR (1) FR2662026B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1991018428A1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0614246A1 (de) * 1993-02-15 1994-09-07 CelsiusTech Electronics AB Gruppenantenne
EP0860890A1 (de) * 1997-02-25 1998-08-26 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc Kontinuierlich variabler Phasenschieber für elektrisches Neigen einer Antenne
WO1999016148A1 (de) * 1997-09-24 1999-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ebene mikrowellenantenne
FR2863783A1 (fr) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Dispositif et procede de dephasage
EP4471989A4 (de) * 2022-05-06 2025-05-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Phasenschieber mit dielektrikum und elektronische vorrichtung damit

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000223927A (ja) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-11 Nec Corp 円偏波切換形フェーズドアレーアンテナ
JP2000223942A (ja) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-11 Nec Corp 円偏波切換形アンテナおよび円偏波切換形フェーズドアレーアンテナ
DE60107096T2 (de) * 2000-08-31 2005-11-10 Raytheon Company, Waltham Mechanisch steuerbares antennenarray
JP7106236B2 (ja) * 2020-03-26 2022-07-26 ソフトバンク株式会社 装置内蔵アンテナ、アンテナ内蔵装置および装置内蔵アンテナの設置方法、アンテナ内蔵装置の製造方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602893A (en) * 1942-03-31 1952-07-08 Sperry Corp Wave guide antenna
FR1257215A (fr) * 1960-02-19 1961-03-31 Csf Perfectionnements aux aériens tournants
GB1176979A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-01-07 Thomson Csf Variable Ultra-High Frequency Phase-Shifter
DE2014939A1 (de) * 1969-07-01 1971-01-14 RCA Corp , New York, NY (V St A ) Mehrelementenantenne
US3656179A (en) * 1970-08-21 1972-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave stripline phase adjuster

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602893A (en) * 1942-03-31 1952-07-08 Sperry Corp Wave guide antenna
FR1257215A (fr) * 1960-02-19 1961-03-31 Csf Perfectionnements aux aériens tournants
GB1176979A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-01-07 Thomson Csf Variable Ultra-High Frequency Phase-Shifter
DE2014939A1 (de) * 1969-07-01 1971-01-14 RCA Corp , New York, NY (V St A ) Mehrelementenantenne
US3656179A (en) * 1970-08-21 1972-04-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave stripline phase adjuster

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 26, no. 5, mai 1978, pages 642-646, New York, US; G.G. SANFORD: "Conformal microstrip phased array for aircraft tests with ATS-6" *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0614246A1 (de) * 1993-02-15 1994-09-07 CelsiusTech Electronics AB Gruppenantenne
EP0860890A1 (de) * 1997-02-25 1998-08-26 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc Kontinuierlich variabler Phasenschieber für elektrisches Neigen einer Antenne
WO1999016148A1 (de) * 1997-09-24 1999-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ebene mikrowellenantenne
US6246370B1 (en) 1997-09-24 2001-06-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Microwave flat antenna
FR2863783A1 (fr) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert Dispositif et procede de dephasage
EP4471989A4 (de) * 2022-05-06 2025-05-07 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Phasenschieber mit dielektrikum und elektronische vorrichtung damit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2662026A1 (fr) 1991-11-15
JPH04507337A (ja) 1992-12-17
WO1991018428A1 (fr) 1991-11-28
FR2662026B1 (fr) 1992-07-10

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