EP0036347B1 - Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Nuklear-Reaktor mit schnellen Neutronen - Google Patents

Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Nuklear-Reaktor mit schnellen Neutronen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036347B1
EP0036347B1 EP19810400280 EP81400280A EP0036347B1 EP 0036347 B1 EP0036347 B1 EP 0036347B1 EP 19810400280 EP19810400280 EP 19810400280 EP 81400280 A EP81400280 A EP 81400280A EP 0036347 B1 EP0036347 B1 EP 0036347B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
orifices
exchanger
plate
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19810400280
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0036347A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Mathieu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0133—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by concentric strips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fast neutron nuclear reactors, in which the cooling of the core is ensured by continuous circulation of a liquid metal, usually sodium, contained inside a main vessel where the core is immersed, the calories acquired by the liquid metal on crossing the latter in contact with the assemblies being transferred to a secondary fluid, also sodium, internally traversing the tubes of an intermediate exchanger plunging into the tank, the liquid metal cooling the core playing the role of primary fluid circulating outside these tubes, in heat exchange relationship with the secondary fluid.
  • the secondary fluid which is thus heated is then returned outside the reactor vessel to a generator capable of supplying pressurized steam directly under pressure in an electricity production installation.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to an arrangement of the internal structure of such an intermediate exchanger, comprising, in known manner, a cylindrical internal ferrule with vertical axis, an external ferrule coaxial with the internal ferrule, two plates of horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical plies coaxial with the ferrules, these plies being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts formed by horizontal bands carrying cylindrical elements housed between the tubes of the sheets and in contact with them, the intake and discharge manifolds of the secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming a conduit for supplying the secondary fluid to the intake manifold ta
  • the outer shell is extended upwards by an outlet duct for the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation manifold after passage through the tubes, and at least one inlet window and at least one outlet window provided in the external ferrule for the
  • the primary fluid therefore penetrates transversely into the exchanger through the inlet window, spreading in the space between the outer and inner ferrules, in order to circulate after a first change of direction substantially. at 90 ° in contact with the beam tubes, the flow taking place over most of the length of these tubes against the current of the secondary fluid, the primary fluid undergoing a second change of direction again by 90 ° for s '' evacuate out of the exchanger through the outlet window.
  • the subject of the present invention is a heat exchanger in which a good radial distribution of the circulation of the primary fluid is obtained, thanks to the improvement of the supply of the exchanger with primary fluid, in order to reduce the differential expansions and the stresses. mechanical results.
  • the invention relates to an intermediate heat exchanger comprising an internal cylindrical shell with a vertical axis, an external shell coaxial with the internal shell, two plates with horizontal annular tubes arranged in the vicinity of the upper and lower ends of said ferrules, a bundle of straight tubes extending between the tube plates in cylindrical layers coaxial with the ferrules, these layers being mutually braced by transverse anti-vibration belts formed by horizontal bands carrying cylindrical elements housed between the tubes of the layers and in contact with them ci, intake and evacuation manifolds of a secondary fluid circulating inside the tubes being respectively provided under the lower plate and above the upper plate, the internal ferrule forming the secondary fluid supply conduit to the intake manifold, while the outer shell is extended upwards by a con outlet of the same secondary fluid collected in the evacuation manifold after passage through the tubes, at least one inlet window and at least one outlet window provided in the outer shell for admission and evacuation, in the vicinity tube plates, of a primary fluid exchanging calories with the secondary fluid through the wall of the tubes,
  • said orifices are arranged exclusively around the tubes and have a diameter significantly greater than the external diameter of the tubes, so that they simultaneously perform the two functions described above, namely the passage of the tubes and the circulation part of the primary fluid.
  • the plate comprises a first series of orifices intended for the passage of the tubes, of diameter slightly greater than the external diameter of the tubes and a second series of orifices arranged between the orifices for the passage of the tubes and intended for the circulation of 'part of the primary fluid.
  • the diameter of the orifices in the first variant and the spacing and the diameter of the second series of orifices in the second variant can be variable in a radial direction of the exchanger, and they are determined according to the pressure drop that one wishes to create by means of the annular plate.
  • the fixing of the baffle plate can be carried out according to any one of the following two embodiments.
  • the exchanger is characterized in that said plate is fixed to one of said anti-vibration belts.
  • the exchanger is characterized in that said plate is fixed to radial support parts integral with tie rods arranged in a cylindrical ply coaxial with the ferrules.
  • the reference 1 designates as a whole, an intermediate exchanger according to the invention, intended to be mounted inside a tank (not shown) of a fast neutron nuclear reactor, comprising in particular a transverse step 2 crossed by the body of the exchanger.
  • This step delimits inside the tank, two regions, respectively 3 and 4, region 3 receiving the coolant metal leaving the reactor core, therefore having acquired calories in contact with the assemblies, this sodium, after passing through the intermediate exchanger 1, being collected under the step 2 in the region 4, at a significantly lower temperature, as a result of the heat exchange carried out in the exchanger with a secondary fluid.
  • the primary and secondary fluids consist of liquid sodium.
  • the exchanger 1 is mainly composed of a cylindrical inner shell 5, with a vertical axis, and an also cylindrical outer shell 6, coaxial with the first, these two ferrules being joined, respectively in the vicinity of their upper and lower ends, by two horizontal tube plates 7 and 8. Between these plates 7 and 8, extend the tubes 9 of a bundle of straight tubes, within which circulates the secondary fluid exchanging calories with the primary fluid, itself even flowing in the exchanger outside the tubes 9. In the bundle, the tubes 9 are arranged in cylindrical layers, coaxial with the ferrules. The tubes 9 are held all along the bundle by transverse anti-vibration belts 10a to 10n placed at regular intervals. We can see the detail of one of these belts on the partial view of fig. 2.
  • the exchanger At its lower end, the exchanger comprises a bottom 11 which delimits with the tubular plate 8 an intake manifold 12 for the secondary fluid, brought into the exchanger by the interior of the internal ferrule 5, the latter comprising an open lower end 13.
  • the secondary fluid thus admitted inside the manifold 12 flows into the tubes 9 of the bundle and it is finally collected in an upper manifold 14 delimited between the internal ferrule 5 and an extension 15 of the ferrule external 6.
  • the hot primary fluid in the region 3 penetrates inside the intermediate exchanger through at least one inlet window 17 formed in the outer shell 6. This primary fluid then flows from top to bottom in contact with the tubes 9 of the beam over most of the length of the latter, counter-current to the secondary fluid which passes inside these same tubes from the bottom to the top. At the outlet of the exchanger, the primary fluid flows out of the outer shell 6 through at least one outlet window 18.
  • each anti-vibration transverse belt 10 is constituted by concentric horizontal bands 19 on which elements of hollow tubes 20 are welded.
  • the invention consists in placing at the upper part of the heat exchanger a plate 22 forming a baffle occupying only a part of width e of the annular space comprised between the external envelope 6 and the internal shroud 5, this plate being delimited towards the axis of the exchanger by a circular internal rim 24.
  • the plate 22 is pierced with circular orifices 26 to allow the pitch wise tubes 9, these orifices being of a diameter such that a space 28 is formed between the outer wall of the tubes 9 and the edge of the orifice 26, to allow the passage of part of the flow of primary sodium entering the exchanger through the inlet window 17.
  • the radial distribution of the flow of the primary fluid can be adjusted by varying the diameter of the orifices 26.
  • the tubes occupying a central position which are referenced 9b do not pass through not plate 22.
  • the plate 22 comprises two series of orifices.
  • a first series of orifices 26 ' is intended, like the orifices 26 in the first variant, to allow the passage of the tubes 9.
  • these orivices 26' do not leaving practically no space between their edge and the corresponding tube 9.
  • a second series of orifices 29, the spacing and diameter of which can be chosen at will, independently of the arrangement of the tubes, makes it possible to obtain the desired pressure drop value.
  • the fixing of the baffle plate can be carried out according to any one of the following two embodiments.
  • the plate 22 forming a baffle is fixed to the anti-vibration belt 10a, in such a way that this plate 22 is placed immediately below the entry window 17.
  • the baffle plate 22 is always disposed immediately below the upper entry window 17, but this plate is fixed directly to several radial support parts 30 secured to tie rods 31 arranged coaxially around the internal ferrule 5.
  • an anti-vibration belt 10 ′ a can be placed opposite the entry window 17.
  • the presence of the baffle plate placed immediately below the inlet window, while ensuring good homogenization of the sodium flow rates in the current part of the exchange tubes, has two additional advantages.
  • the speed distribution is made uniform at the level of the entry window, and the risks of vibration of the tubes are therefore reduced.
  • the best primary sodium supply in the internal zone below the upper tubular plate homogenizes the temperature of this plate more quickly during certain transient regimes such as an emergency stop, for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Zwischen-Wäremeaustauscher mit einem inneren zylindrischen Mantel (5) mit vertikaler Achse, einem zum inneren Mantel (5) koaxialen äußeren Mantel (6), zwei in der Nachbarschaft der oberen und unteren Enden der besagten Mäntel angeordnete ringförmige horizontale Rohrwände (7, 8), einem Bündel von geraden Röhren (9), die sich zwischen den Rohrwänden in mit den Mänteln koaxialen zylindrischen Anordnungen erstrecken, wobei diese Anordnungen gegenseitig versteift sind durch schwingungshindernde Quergurte (10), die von horizontalen Bändern (19) gebildet sind, die zwischen den Röhren (9) der Anordnungen eingesetzte und in Kontakt mit diesen befindliche zylindrische Elemente (20) tragen, Einlaßsammler (12) und Auslaßsammler (14) für eine im Inneren der Röhren (9) zirkulierende Sekundärflüssigkeit, die unterhalb der unteren Rohrwand (8) bzw. oberhalb der oberen Rohrwand (7) vorgesehen sind, wobei der innere Mantel eine Zuführungsleitung für die Sekundärflüssigkeit zum Einlaßsammler bildet, während der äußere Mantel (6) durch eine Abflußleitung (15) für dieselbe nach Durchlauf durch die Röhren in dem Auslaßsammler gesammelte Sekundärflüssigkeit nach oben verlängert ist, wenigstens einem Zuflußfenster (17) und wenigstens einem Abflußfenster (18), die in dem äußeren Mantel (6) für den Zufluß und den Abfluß einer mit der Sekundärflüssigkeit durch die Wandung der Röhren (9) hindurch Wärme austauschende Primärflüssigkeit in der Nachbarschaft der Rohrwände vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der genannte Austauscher eine horizontale ringförmige Platte (22) aufweist, die eine unmittelbar unterwärts des genannten Zuflußfensters (17) angeordnete Prallplatte bildet und nur einen Teil des Horizontalschnittes des durch den genannten inneren (5) und äußeren (6) Mantel begrenzten Raumes ausfüllt, und daß die genannte Platte (22) mit einer Mehrzahl von Öffnungen (26, 26', 29) versehen ist, die einerseits als Durchlaß für die Röhren (9) des Bündels und andererseits zur Zirkulation eines Teils der Primärflüssigkeit bestimmt sind.
2. Austauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Öffnungen (26) ausschließlich um die Röhren (9) herum angeordnet sind und einen deutlich größeren Durchmesser als den Außendurchmesser der Röhren (9) aufweisen.
3. Austauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser der Öffnungen (26) in einer radialen Richtung des Austauschers veränderlich ist.
4. Austauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Platte (22) eine erste Reihe von um die Röhren (9) herum angeordneten Öffnungen (26') mit einem geringfügig größeren Durchmesser als der Außendurchmesser der Röhren (9) und eine zweite Reihe von Öffnungen (29) aufweist, die zwischen den Öffnungen (26') der ersten Reihe angeordnet sind.
5. Austauscher nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand und der Durchmesser der Öffnungen (29) der zweiten Reihe in einer radialen Richtung des Austauschers veränderlich ist.
6. Austauscher nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ge; nannte Platte (22) auf einem der genannten Quergurte (10a) befestigt ist.
7. Austauscher nach irgendeinem der Ansprü- che 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Platte (22) auf mehreren radialen Stützteilen (30) befestigt ist, die kraftschlüssig mit entlang einem mit den Mänteln koaxialen Kranz angeordneten Zugankern (31) verbunden sind.
EP19810400280 1980-03-07 1981-02-23 Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Nuklear-Reaktor mit schnellen Neutronen Expired EP0036347B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8005172 1980-03-07
FR8005172A FR2477692B1 (fr) 1980-03-07 1980-03-07 Echangeur intermediaire pour reacteur nucleaire a neutrons rapides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0036347A1 EP0036347A1 (de) 1981-09-23
EP0036347B1 true EP0036347B1 (de) 1984-05-16

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EP19810400280 Expired EP0036347B1 (de) 1980-03-07 1981-02-23 Zwischenwärmeaustauscher für Nuklear-Reaktor mit schnellen Neutronen

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EP (1) EP0036347B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3163568D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2477692B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2581443B1 (fr) * 1985-05-03 1988-12-02 Novatome Echangeur de chaleur a faisceau de tubes droits dont le maintien transversal est assure par des grilles entretoises et ses applications

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB465750A (en) * 1935-11-15 1937-05-14 Serck Radiators Ltd Improvements relating to steam condensers, feed water heaters and other like heat interchanging apparatus
US2060078A (en) * 1936-02-07 1936-11-10 James C Hobbs Heat exchanger
DE908028C (de) * 1948-11-03 1954-04-01 Hoechst Ag Verfahren und Saeule fuer Stoffumsatz und Waermeaustauscher
DE1675501C3 (de) * 1968-03-12 1975-10-23 Deggendorfer Werft Und Eisenbau Gmbh, 8360 Deggendorf Einrichtung zum gleichmässigen Verteilen von Wärmetauschmedien bei Reaktionsapparaten mit einem Rohrbündel
DE2100664A1 (de) * 1971-01-08 1972-07-20 The Batteile Development Corp., Columbus, Ohio (V.StA.) Verdampfer für Kälteanlagen
FR2429402A1 (fr) * 1978-06-22 1980-01-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur intermediaire pour reacteur nucleaire a neutrons rapides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0036347A1 (de) 1981-09-23
FR2477692A1 (fr) 1981-09-11
DE3163568D1 (en) 1984-06-20
FR2477692B1 (fr) 1985-12-06

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