EP0036657A2 - Fenêtre réfléchissant le rayonnement infrarouge, transparente pour la lumière visible - Google Patents

Fenêtre réfléchissant le rayonnement infrarouge, transparente pour la lumière visible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036657A2
EP0036657A2 EP81102173A EP81102173A EP0036657A2 EP 0036657 A2 EP0036657 A2 EP 0036657A2 EP 81102173 A EP81102173 A EP 81102173A EP 81102173 A EP81102173 A EP 81102173A EP 0036657 A2 EP0036657 A2 EP 0036657A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
adjacent
panes
window
insulating space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81102173A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0036657A3 (fr
Inventor
Andrew G. Menke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ardco Inc
Original Assignee
Ardco Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ardco Inc filed Critical Ardco Inc
Publication of EP0036657A2 publication Critical patent/EP0036657A2/fr
Publication of EP0036657A3 publication Critical patent/EP0036657A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
    • A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
    • A47F3/0404—Cases or cabinets of the closed type
    • A47F3/0426—Details
    • A47F3/0434—Glass or transparent panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to windows which are transparent to visible light while being highly reflective of infrared radiation, and particularly to windows which are placed between warm and cool environments, such as in refrigerators.
  • Windows having at least two panes with an insulating space therebetween have been known and used for several years. Use of such windows allows large viewing areas with relatively small amounts of heat flow from a warm environment to a cooler one than if a single pane window of the same area were used.
  • Two pane plus insulating space windows have limited utility in refrigerator doors where the environment on one side of the door's windows may be from about 10°C to about -40" C while the environment on the other side is about 15,6°C or higher, and the warmer air has a relatively high humidity.
  • These extremes of temperature and humidity are frequently found in stores having self-service refrigerator sections, as for beverages, wherein it is desirable that the refrigerator door have a large transparent surface area. It is frequently found however, that the insulation provided by windows having two panes and insulating space therebetween is insufficient to retard fogging of the door window due to moisture condensing from the warmer environment onto the window pane whose surface is adjacent thereto. Fogging is not only unattractive, but tends to reduce sales in that potential customers find it difficult to locate desired products, and consequently may not make those purchases.
  • a three or more pane window structure is usually heavier and bulkier than is a window having fewer panes as there appears to be a minimal distance between panes of about 6,3 to 15,9 mm required to provide a proper insulating effect and this minimal spacing is normally used in two pane door windows.
  • An infrared reflective, visible light transparent window is disclosed.
  • This window is comprised of at least a first pane, and a second pane. These two panes, a spacing means therebetween and a portion of the surface of a sealing means sealed around the marginal portions thereof define at least one insulating space therebetween.
  • the first pane has its first surface adjacent a warm environment while the second pane has its first surface adjacent a cool environment.
  • the second surfaces of these two panes face, and are preferably adjacent the insulating space.
  • These windows additionally have at least two coated pane surfaces located between the surfaces adjacent the warm and cool environments, each of which coated surfaces reflects at least about 50% of infrared radiation incident thereon.
  • One advantage of the windows of the present invention is that they have anti-fogging properties which are comparable to heavier refrigerator windows having one more pane and one more insulating space.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that electrically heated doors need not be employed to achieve a non-fogging refrigerator window.
  • Still another advantage of the instant windows is that they are less costly to make than are windows which have comparable anti-fogging properties.
  • infrared (heat) reflective, visible light transparent windows which are particularly useful when placed between warm and cool environments are disclosed. These windows have anti-fogging properties when used on refrigerator doors and are superior to windows having the same number and dimentions of panes and insulating spaces which do not so reflect heat.
  • the windows of this invention have anti-fogging properties which are comparable to refrigerator windows having one pane and one insulating space more than do the instant windows. These anti-fogging properties are achieved by the incorporation into the window of at least two heat (infrared) reflecting pane surfaces, each of which will reflect at least about 50% of the infrared radiation incident thereon.
  • These reflective coatings appear to operate in at least two interrelated fashions to improve the operation of the windows. First, by reflecting heat emanating from the warm environment, back toward the warm environment, less heat reaches the inside of the refrigerator, and consequently, less power is consumed to cool the refrigerator's contents. This reflected heat also acts to further heat the pane on the side adjacent the warm environment as some heat is absorbed by the pane each time the infrared radiation passes therethrough. Second, the heat reflective surface coatings on the panes tend to diminish the thermal contact (or conduction) between the warm and cool environments.
  • FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of one embodiment of this invention is shown in Figure 1, and is designated generally therein by the numeral 10.
  • the heat (infrared) reflecting window 10 is comprised of at least two panes (shown in exaggerated thickness), a first pane 12 and a second pane 14, spaced apart in face-to-face relationship by a spacing means 41 therebetween and sealed around the marginal portions thereof with sealing means 40.
  • the spacing means and sealing means may be separate as shown in Figures 1 and 2 or may be integral, as is known in the art.
  • the panes 12 and 14 and a portion of the inner surface 42 of spacer 41 define an insulating space 30 therebetween.
  • the insulating space 30 is preferably filled with dry air or another dry gas such as nitrogen.
  • the insulating space 30 may also be partially evacuated.
  • the first pane 12 has a first surface 16 adjacent a warm environment while the second pane 14 has a first surface 20 adjacent a cool environment.
  • the second surface 18 of the first pane 12 faces the insulating space as does the second surface 22 of the second pane 14.
  • the second surfaces of the first and second panes are also adjacent an insulating region, such as the insulating space 30.
  • the windows of this invention contain heat reflective coatings 50 (described hereinafter) on the surfaces of at least two of their panes. Each of these coated surfaces reflects at least about 50% of the infrared radiation which is incident thereon.
  • the heat reflecting coating 50 may be on any surface of the window pane. However, it is preferred that the heat reflecting coated surfaces 50 not be on the outermost surfaces of the windows, such as the first surfaces 16 and 20 of the first and second panes 12 and 14, respectively. Rather, it is preferred that the heat reflecting coatings 50 be between the outermost pane surfaces (e.g. surfaces 16 and 20)-and on the interior of the window.
  • the reasons for this preference stem mostly from a desire to assure the integrity of the surface coatings by placing the coatings on the interior of the window where they cannot be readily scratched, and also from the known fact that little improvement in the reduction of heat flow is obtained when a heat reflecting coating is on the outermost pane surface of the warm environment side of the window because of conductive heat loss.
  • the heat reflective coatings 50 (shown in exaggerated thickness) of the window illustrated in Figure 1 are shown in their preferred interior positions on the second surfaces 18 and 22 of the first and second panes 12 and 14, respectively .
  • FIG. 170 Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figure 2 and generally designated therein by the numeral 170.
  • This window contains a first pane 12, a second pane 14 and a third pane 160 and these panes and portions of the inner surfaces 42 of the surrounding gasket 40 define two insulating spaces 30 between the three panes.
  • the window of Figure 2 has three reflective coatings 50 which are disposed on the second surface 18 of the first pane 12 and on both surfaces 162 and 164 of the third pane 160. It is pointed out that the heat reflecting coated surfaces in a window having three panes need not be distributed as is shown in Figure 2 and may be distributed differently from those illustrated. However, at least two surfaces with heat (infrared) reflecting coatings are required per window of this invention. It is preferred that the heat reflecting coated surfaces be closest to the pane adjacent the warm environment (pane 12) so that as little heat as possible will build up in the pane near the cool environment. Thus, in preferred practice, the second surface 18 of the first pane 12 and at least the first surface 164 of the third pane 160 have reflective coatings.
  • a third reflective coating is preferably placed on the second surface 162 of the pane 160, and this is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the required two heat reflecting coated surfaces for a window having three panes may be on the first and second surfaces 20 and 22, respectively, of the second pane 14, or on any three interior surfaces of the window.
  • the panes of the windows of this invention are preferably made of glass, and this glass is preferably heat strengthened or tempered for reasons of safety.
  • the panes may also be comprised in whole or in part of plastics such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate, as is known in the art.
  • the panes are single thicknesses of glass such as plate glass or so-called "float" glass.
  • a “pane”, as that term is used herein, may also be comprised of one or more lights of glass with or without an intermediate plastic layer, such as polyvinylbutyral, which lights may or may not be adhered together to form a unitary structure.
  • an intermediate plastic layer such as polyvinylbutyral
  • An example of such a unitary structure is the so-called "safety” glass frequently used in automobile windshields and made from two sheets of glass having a plastic adhesive such as polyvinylbutyral therebetween.
  • the windows of this invention are preferably transparent or substantially transparent to visible light.
  • transparent and substantially transparent are used herein in the sense that a window of an automobile or a house are transparent, that is that while some visible light is absorbed and/or reflected by the window, one looking through such windows would hardly notice that visible light transmission is somewhat reduced compared to transmission through air.
  • Heat or infrared reflective coatings are broadly old in the art.
  • metallic coatings such as copper and gold, and metallic oxide coatings such as tin oxide and the like will reflect infrared radiation while being themselves transparent to visible light or substantially so.
  • metallic oxide coatings such as tin oxide and the like will reflect infrared radiation while being themselves transparent to visible light or substantially so. While the heat reflecting properties of these coatings is broadly known, it was not heretofore known or suggested that utilization of windows with at least two surfaces having coatings which reflect at least about 50% of infrared radiation incident thereon would produce windows with non-fogging properties similar to windows having an additional pane and insulating space.
  • Tin oxide coatings such as those used herein are themselves old insofar as their chemical constituents and methods of application are concerned.
  • tin oxide coatings used herein and known in the art are not pure tin oxide, but are themselves “doped” with small amounts of tin which may be in various oxidation states.
  • the preferred tin oxide heat reflective coating is at least about 1200 g (Angstrom) thick, and more preferably about 2500-3000 R thick. Additionally, these coatings have resistances which are preferably at most about 90 ⁇ /square and more preferably about 50 ⁇ /square, or less. Coatings having the above thicknesses and resistances have been previously prepared. However, it was neither known nor suggested that such coatings would be useful by themselves to stop or reduce fogging in windows such as those useful in refrigerator doors as described herein.
  • coating layers which are homogeneously applied, and have a thickness of about 1200 A or a resistance of about 90 ⁇ /square will have infrared (2 ,-15 micron region) reflectances which average at least about 50% throughout this infrared spectral range.
  • Average infrared reflectances for coatings having the more preferred resistance of about 50 ⁇ / square and the preferred thickness of about 2500-3000 A may be up to about 60-70%.
  • the heat reflective coating compositions are preferably applied to the panes by spraying an appropriate solution thereon.
  • the panes are glass, and they are sprayed with the coating composition when the glass is at a temperature near about 427-677°C. This spraying normally takes place after the glass has emerged from a furnace, and the techniques are known in the art.
  • FIG. 1 To demonstrate the effectiveness of the windows of this invention, two refrigerator doors were constructed using materials of substantially identical dimensions.
  • the windows of these doors had the general construction as is shown in Figure 1, except that one window had no infrared reflective coating while the other was prepared as per this invention and had two panes coated as is shown in Figure 1.
  • the doors were both attached to a single refrigerator.
  • a cool environment temperature (inside the refrigerator) of 1.11° c a warm environment (room) temperature of 25,6° C with 65% relative humidity
  • the door window prepared according to this invention had no fogging or visible condensation, while the door window prepared from panes which were not coated with a heat reflecting layer fogged.
  • a three pane door window having two insulated air spaces would fog at a relative humidity of about 64% with a refrigerator temperature of 1,11°C and a room temperature of 25,6°C.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
EP81102173A 1980-03-25 1981-03-23 Fenêtre réfléchissant le rayonnement infrarouge, transparente pour la lumière visible Withdrawn EP0036657A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13395480A 1980-03-25 1980-03-25
US133954 1980-03-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0036657A2 true EP0036657A2 (fr) 1981-09-30
EP0036657A3 EP0036657A3 (fr) 1981-11-25

Family

ID=22461074

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81102173A Withdrawn EP0036657A3 (fr) 1980-03-25 1981-03-23 Fenêtre réfléchissant le rayonnement infrarouge, transparente pour la lumière visible

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0036657A3 (fr)
AU (1) AU6603881A (fr)
DK (1) DK133381A (fr)
ES (1) ES8207334A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO810996L (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2504956A1 (fr) * 1981-04-29 1982-11-05 Glaverbel
GB2125081A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-29 Francis Xavier Kay Thermal insulation of buildings
WO1985002649A1 (fr) * 1983-12-05 1985-06-20 Termofrost Sweden Ab Fenetre
US4545160A (en) * 1982-04-02 1985-10-08 Sulzer Brothers Limited Window
EP0163166A3 (fr) * 1984-05-29 1987-03-25 Carl Schmitt Plaque de couverture pour coffre réfrigérateur à sommet ouvert
EP0236286A3 (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-10-21 Termofrost Ab A glass cover
EP0250386A3 (fr) * 1986-03-21 1988-03-30 Gloricalor N.V. Panneau à rayonnement thermique transparent basé sur du verre
FR2609285A1 (fr) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-08 Flachglas Ag Vitre isolante multiglace pour chambres froides ou analogues
EP0382060A3 (fr) * 1989-02-07 1991-03-27 Heinz Dr. Kunert Elément de fenêtre, de paroi, de toit ou de garde-corps
EP0674865A1 (fr) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-04 ISOCLIMA S.p.A. Unité de vitrage isolant amélioré avec éléments de chauffage
WO2003092448A1 (fr) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-13 Hussmann Corporation Presentoirs a revetements antibuee, et procedes d'elaboration
US7003920B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2006-02-28 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
EP1421321A4 (fr) * 2001-07-19 2006-09-13 Afg Ind Inc Porte de refrigeration non electrique et procede de fabrication
US7258757B2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2007-08-21 Film Technologies International, Inc. Method of manufacturing an impact resistant and insulated glass unit composite with solar control and low-E coatings
EP1875836A3 (fr) * 2002-05-02 2008-09-24 Hussmann Corporation Réfrigérateur et son procédé de préparation
DE202007007785U1 (de) * 2007-06-01 2008-10-09 Remis Gesellschaft für Entwicklung und Vertrieb von technischen Elementen mbH Köln Kühlmöbel-Scheibenverbund
US7870704B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2011-01-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Insulating glazing unit for an opening leaf of a refrigerated enclosure
US8221846B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2012-07-17 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
WO2018011610A1 (fr) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 Rákosy Ferenc Structure chauffante en verre à efficacité améliorée et à répartition uniforme de la chaleur
CN108442570A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-08-24 广东工业大学 一种固液相变复合材料
WO2020176046A1 (fr) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 Yorglass Cam Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Panneau d'isolation thermique transparent

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1509721B2 (de) * 1965-11-10 1974-01-31 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Mehrscheibenisolierglas mit ultrarotreflektierender Schicht
US3710074A (en) * 1970-10-08 1973-01-09 Ppg Industries Inc Electrically heated multiple glazed window having an iridescence masking film
DE2443390A1 (de) * 1974-09-11 1976-03-25 Elmar Dr Ing Mangerich Hochwaermedaemmende isolierglasscheibe
DE2457037B2 (de) * 1974-12-03 1976-09-16 Flachglas Ag Delog-Detag, 4650 Gelsenkirchen Verglasungseinheit, insbesondere isolierglasscheibe, fuer brandschutzzwecke
US4081934A (en) * 1976-09-03 1978-04-04 Ppg Industries, Inc. Seasonably adjustable window

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2504956A1 (fr) * 1981-04-29 1982-11-05 Glaverbel
US4545160A (en) * 1982-04-02 1985-10-08 Sulzer Brothers Limited Window
GB2125081A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-29 Francis Xavier Kay Thermal insulation of buildings
WO1985002649A1 (fr) * 1983-12-05 1985-06-20 Termofrost Sweden Ab Fenetre
EP0163166A3 (fr) * 1984-05-29 1987-03-25 Carl Schmitt Plaque de couverture pour coffre réfrigérateur à sommet ouvert
EP0236286A3 (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-10-21 Termofrost Ab A glass cover
EP0250386A3 (fr) * 1986-03-21 1988-03-30 Gloricalor N.V. Panneau à rayonnement thermique transparent basé sur du verre
FR2609285A1 (fr) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-08 Flachglas Ag Vitre isolante multiglace pour chambres froides ou analogues
BE1001694A4 (fr) * 1987-01-02 1990-02-13 Flachglas Ag Vitre isolante multiglace pour chambres froides ou analogues.
AU601589B2 (en) * 1987-01-02 1990-09-13 Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft Multiple sheet insulating glass for cold storage chambers
EP0382060A3 (fr) * 1989-02-07 1991-03-27 Heinz Dr. Kunert Elément de fenêtre, de paroi, de toit ou de garde-corps
EP0674865A1 (fr) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-04 ISOCLIMA S.p.A. Unité de vitrage isolant amélioré avec éléments de chauffage
US7976916B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2011-07-12 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Refrigerated display case having a transparent insulating glazing unit
US7003920B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2006-02-28 Saint-Gobain Glass France Transparent glazing and use thereof in a chilling chamber door comprising in particular a glazing under vacuum
US7891153B2 (en) 2001-07-19 2011-02-22 Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. Energy-free refrigeration door and method for making the same
EP1421321A4 (fr) * 2001-07-19 2006-09-13 Afg Ind Inc Porte de refrigeration non electrique et procede de fabrication
JP2014211302A (ja) * 2001-07-19 2014-11-13 エイ・ジィ・シィ・フラット・グラス・ノース・アメリカ・インコーポレイテッドＡｇｃ Ｆｌａｔ Ｇｌａｓｓ Ｎｏｒｔｈ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ，Ｉｎｃ． エネルギの不要な冷蔵ドアおよびそれを製造するための方法
JP2013064599A (ja) * 2001-07-19 2013-04-11 Agc Flat Glass North America Inc エネルギの不要な冷蔵ドアおよびそれを製造するための方法
JP2010164302A (ja) * 2001-07-19 2010-07-29 Agc Flat Glass North America Inc エネルギの不要な冷蔵ドアおよびそれを製造するための方法
WO2003092448A1 (fr) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-13 Hussmann Corporation Presentoirs a revetements antibuee, et procedes d'elaboration
US8221846B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2012-07-17 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
EP1875836A3 (fr) * 2002-05-02 2008-09-24 Hussmann Corporation Réfrigérateur et son procédé de préparation
US8534006B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2013-09-17 Hussmann Corporation Merchandisers having anti-fog coatings and methods for making the same
US7258757B2 (en) * 2004-10-28 2007-08-21 Film Technologies International, Inc. Method of manufacturing an impact resistant and insulated glass unit composite with solar control and low-E coatings
US7870704B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2011-01-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Insulating glazing unit for an opening leaf of a refrigerated enclosure
DE202007007785U1 (de) * 2007-06-01 2008-10-09 Remis Gesellschaft für Entwicklung und Vertrieb von technischen Elementen mbH Köln Kühlmöbel-Scheibenverbund
WO2018011610A1 (fr) * 2016-07-13 2018-01-18 Rákosy Ferenc Structure chauffante en verre à efficacité améliorée et à répartition uniforme de la chaleur
CN108442570A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-08-24 广东工业大学 一种固液相变复合材料
CN108442570B (zh) * 2018-05-31 2024-01-23 广东工业大学 一种固液相变复合材料
WO2020176046A1 (fr) * 2019-02-27 2020-09-03 Yorglass Cam Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Panneau d'isolation thermique transparent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO810996L (no) 1981-09-28
AU6603881A (en) 1981-10-01
EP0036657A3 (fr) 1981-11-25
ES500654A0 (es) 1982-09-01
ES8207334A1 (es) 1982-09-01
DK133381A (da) 1981-09-26

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