EP0036765B1 - Auspuffgasreiniger für Brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Auspuffgasreiniger für Brennkraftmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036765B1
EP0036765B1 EP81301196A EP81301196A EP0036765B1 EP 0036765 B1 EP0036765 B1 EP 0036765B1 EP 81301196 A EP81301196 A EP 81301196A EP 81301196 A EP81301196 A EP 81301196A EP 0036765 B1 EP0036765 B1 EP 0036765B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
liquid
gases
scrubber
deflector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81301196A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0036765A2 (de
EP0036765A3 (en
Inventor
Charles F. Coyle
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Paccar Inc
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Paccar Inc
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Publication of EP0036765A2 publication Critical patent/EP0036765A2/de
Publication of EP0036765A3 publication Critical patent/EP0036765A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/02—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath
    • B01D47/025—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour over or through a liquid bath by contacting gas and liquid with a static flow mixer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to exhaust gas scrubbers for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to water scrubbers of the type which aspirate water into the stream of hot exhaust gases to cool them and remove pollutants before exhausting the gases into the atmosphere.
  • Diesel engines exhaust hot sulphurous gases, aldehydes, nitrogen oxide, unburned hydrocarbons and particulate pollutants.
  • Hot exhaust emissions typically 800° to 1000°F (427 to 538°C), and hot engine surfaces can ignite combustible gases and material present in underground mines, such as methane and coal dust.
  • a second type of device bubbles exhaust gases through a water bath and then passes the gases through a water eliminator, as disclosed in United States Patent No. 3,768,981 (Alliger) and United States Patent No. 3,561,194 (Baldwin et al).
  • Water bath devices increase back pressure on the engine more than is acceptance, particularly when full. Also, the pump used in the Baldwin device is likely to be fouled.
  • a stream of exhaust gases passes through a venturi tube, causing water droplets to be sucked from a water chamber into the gas stream, as disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,137,715 (Tung-Lung et al).
  • U States Patent No. 4,137,715 Tung-Lung et al.
  • Filters when used in such devices, also require frequent cleaning.
  • aspirated or induced water scrubbers such as that disclosed in United States Patent No. 3,976,456 (Alcock) have come into wide use.
  • Such scrubbers typically include a scrubber tank partially filled with water or other scrubbing liquid.
  • the exhaust gases enter the tank above the water level, are piped downwardly below the water level, and then directed upwardly at an angle.
  • a submerged slot or orifice in the region where the gases change direction admits water into the gas stream.
  • the gas-water mixture then enters an expansion and mixing chamber and flows upwardly above the water level. At the top of the mixing chamber the mixture is redirected downwardly by a curved duct and discharged over the water, impelling the water droplets and particles in the mixture into the water.
  • the cooled exhaust gases are then discharged into the atmosphere.
  • a make-up type scrubber has a make-up water tank or reservoir and a make-up float valve for adding water to the scrubber tank to maintain a desired water level.
  • a batch-type scrubber has a large tank for containing enough water to run for an extended period of time before refilling. Both types are provided with a float-operated safety valve for shutting down the engine if the water level drops below a safe minimum.
  • Engine back pressure is lower with aspirated water scrubbers than with other exhaust cleaning or cooling devices, but a number of other problems remain unsolved.
  • aspirated water scrubbers similar in principle to the Alcock device has a specific water consumption of about 0.25 to 0.3 U.S. gallons per brake horsepower hour (1.025 x 10- 4 to 1.23 x 10- 4 litres KJ-').
  • an even lower water consumption is desired to further reduce water storage requirements and steam generation.
  • a further problem is the poor reliability of float- type water valves when they are exposed to the dirty, highly corrosive scrubbing liquid inside the scrubbertank. Theyfrequently malfunction or may fail to shut down the engine when the water level gets too low.
  • Use of stainless steel, rather than brass floats and valves adds much to the cost of make-up type scrubbers. This problem has led mine equipment users to preferentially use batch-type aspirated water scrubbers and to use thermally-actuated engine shutdown control valves which sense the temperature of discharged exhaust gases.
  • existing batch-type scrubbers pose additional problems.
  • batch-type scrubber tanks have an initially higher water level than make-up scrubbers.
  • the higher level causes excessive engine back pressure and discharge of water.
  • Such scrubbers must also operate over a wide range of water levels, but existing scrubbers have not done so successfully.
  • the Alcock design has a water level range of only about 5 inches (12.7 cm), which would require a very large tank to hold sufficient water to run 8 hours if used as a batch-type scrubber.
  • Such a large tank requires more extensive baffling and stiffening to minimize sloshing and withstand the high pressures of explosions than a smaller tank would require.
  • thermally-actuated control valves does not insure engine shutdown if the water level becomes too low.
  • the scrubber can fail to effectively arrest flame propagation in the event of an explosion. This possibility necessitates a flame arrester in the exhaust gas orifice.
  • flame arresters add to the expense of the scrubber, increase engine back pressure, particularly when they become dirty, and require daily cleaning.
  • US-A-4,078,908 and U.S.-A-4,083,705 describe dump buckets for a wet-dry vacuum system comprising a container having an aperture in the bottom thereof and an aperture at the top thereof, a hollow tube extending upwardly from the lower aperture and a further hollow tube extending downwardly from the upper aperture to a tank near the bottom of the tank of the container.
  • the further tube is surrounded by a mixing tube and a baffle cup surrounds the bottom end of the firsttube.
  • incoming air and dirt is pulled down through the further tube and is redirected upwardly by the baffle cup below the further tube.
  • the air and dirt then passes through, is filtered by, and mixes with water drawn into the annular space between the outside of the further tube and the inside of the mixing tube by the Venturi Effect and splashes against the top of the container.
  • the water and dirt then separate from the air, the former returning to the water in the container and the latter passing through a filtering screen into the riser pipe. Water enters the mixing tube so as to mix with the dirt and air by means of apertures provided near the base thereof.
  • US-A-4,078,908 and US-A-4,083,705 both relate to vacuum cleaning systems and do not address the particular problems associated with exhaust gas scrubbers, namely, high temperatures, corrosive liquids, engine back pressure constraints, explosive gases, high water consumption, and weight, bulk and operational constraints imposed by use in underground mining vehicle systems.
  • GB-A-1,090,042 describes an apparatus for contacting a gas with a liquid for removing dust from a gas or evaporating a liquid.
  • the apparatus has an outer enclosure accommodating a liquid pool, the level of which is determined by an overflow type.
  • An inner casing 4 is provided in the enclosure and is connected to a gas inlet tube extending downwardly into the enclosure 1.
  • the gas inlet tube is coaxial with the casing and extends within it to a level somewhat below the liquid level in the enclosure.
  • a deflecting baffle having a downwardly directed skirt, the diameter of which is greater than that of the main portion of the inner casing, is attached to the gas inlet tube a short distance above the top end of the casing.
  • the enclosure is provided with a gas outlet about the deflecting baffle.
  • gas to be treated is introduced to the gas inlet tube so that liquid is displaced within the inner casing and fine droplets of the liquid flow with the gas upwardly away from the liquid level between the gas inner tube and the casing.
  • the droplets take up dust from the gas and the mixture of gas and liquid droplets then strike the deflecting baffle the liquid droplets being separated from the gas and returned to the pool.
  • the gas then passes to the gas outlet.
  • an exhaust gas scrubber comprising: a scrubber tank; an exhaust gas inlet tube for conducting hot, dirty exhaust gases downwardly into the tank to an outlet opening; a mixing tube surrounding a portion of the inlet tube to define a mixing chamber between said tubes, the mixing tube extending above and below a liquid level in said tank; a deflector for reversing the flow of gases emitted from said opening to deflect said flow upwardly into the mixing chamber, the deflector including wall means extending upwardly into the mixing chamber and spaced between the mixing tube and inlet tube to define aspirator means for aspirating scrubbing liquid into the mixing chamber to intermix with, cool and cleanse said gases; means for separating the liquid from the gases; and an exhaust gas outlet for exhausting cooled, cleansed gases from said tank; the mixing tube having an open upper end and a downwardly open lower end positioned near the bottom of the scrubber tank.
  • the main advantages of the present invention reside in enabling: the provision of an improved aspirated water scrubber especially suitable for use in underground mining vehicles; a reduction in the susceptibility of such scrubbers to sloshing and fluctuations in water level; the use of float- controlled valves in such scrubbers under minimum risk of malfunction; and improved scrubbing of the exhaust gases while reducing the amount of water discharged into the atmosphere.
  • Embodiments of the invention may have the further advantages of avoiding the need for high cost float and valve components in aspirated water scrubbers; simplifying the structure of such scrubbers; reducing the cost of such scrubbers; minimizing engine back pressure; minimizing water consumption; providing a scrubber that will more readily withstand and dampen internal explosions; eliminating the need for flame arresters; avoiding premature engine shutdown; providing a scrubber that will operate effectively with wide variations of water level; and increasing the amount of water aspirated and uniformly mixing such water into the gases.
  • the scrubber tank is vertically elongated to provide a tall, narrow pool of liquid surrounding the scrubber core to minimize sloshing and its effects.
  • the relatively large scrubber tank has one pair of opposite side walls close to the scrubber core, but another pair of opposite side walls spaced far from the core.
  • a pair of baffles extend between the latter walls and the core and lie close to the core to provide a relatively narrow, tall pool of water surrounding around the scrubber core, giving the same effect as the make-up type scrubber tank.
  • a float may be positioned next to the scrubber core and mounted on a sealed rotating shaft which extends through a side wall of the tank.
  • Water level control valves and an engine safety shut down switch may be mounted on the shaft outside the tank to isolate them from the corrosive contents of the tank.
  • a make-up type water scrubber 10 comprises a scrubber tank 12, an exhaust inlet tube 14, an exhaust outlet tube 16, a scrubber core 18, a float-actuated control mechanism 20, and a make-up liquid tank and pipe (not shown).
  • Scrubber tank 12 is a vertically elongate stainless steel canister having a cylindrical side wall 22 sealed at its ends by top and bottom walls 24, 26 for containing a pool of scrubbing liquid, such as water 28, and exhaust gases (not shown) above the surface of the liquid.
  • the narrow, vertically elongate shape of the canister provides a deep narrow pool of liquid which is relatively immune to sloshing and normal gradient variations.
  • the cylindrically-shaped tank is also unlikely to deform if an explosion occurs in the tank.
  • the exhaust inlet tube 14 has a horizontal portion 30 gently curving into a vertical portion 32.
  • the horizontal portion extends into the scrubber tank from an inlet flange 31 surrounding an opening in side wall 22 just below top wall 24.
  • the inlet flange is adapted for connection to the exhaust pipe 55 of an internal combustion engine (not shown).
  • the vertical portion leads downwardly through the centre of the tank to an exhaust opening 34 (Figure 2) spaced above bottom wall 26.
  • the exhaust outlet tube 16 extends from an opening 36 in side wall 22 just below top wall 24 to emit cooled gases from the scrubber into the atmosphere or into another apparatus.
  • the scrubber core 18 includes a first deflector or cup 37, an open-ended mixing tube 40 and a second deflector 42.
  • Cup 37 has a cylindrical side wall 38 defining a collar concentrically surrounding the exhaust opening 34, and a bottom wall 39 spaced slightly above bottom wall 26 so that water can flow beneath the cup to cool walls 26 and 39.
  • Side wall 38 extends upwardly a short distance from the inlet tube to define an annular water orifice 74 ( Figure 4) surrounding such tube.
  • the cross-sectional area of orifice 74 is less than the cross-sectional area of opening 34, but not so much less than engine back pressure becomes excessive.
  • a suitable ratio of such areas is in the range of 0.6 to 0.8.
  • Mixing tube 40 concentrically surrounds the vertical portion of the exhaust tube and the deflector cup to define an annular expansion chamber 75 surrounding the exhaust tube and an annular water orifice 76 surrounding side wall 38, as can be seen most clearly from Figures 3 and 4.
  • the lower end 41 of tube 40 is approximately level with exhaust opening 34.
  • the mixing tube extends upwardly above the water level along much of the length of vertical portion 32.
  • the mixing tube is spaced outwardly from the side wall of the cup a distance such that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of orifice 74 to mixing chamber 75 is in an optimum range of 0.4 to 0.5. Greater or lesser ratios will also work, but reduce the efficiency of aspiration if too great and unduly in crease engine back pressure if too low.
  • Deflector 42 forms an annular hood over the open upper end of the mixing tube just below the horizontal portion of exhaust tube 16.
  • the deflector has a horizontal top wall 44 radiating outwardly from vertical portion 32 and a cylindrical side wall or skirt 46 depending from the periphery of top wall 44. The lower edge of skirt 46 overhangs the upper end of the mixing tube sufficiently to direct the mixture toward the water surface 28. Skirt 46 is spaced outwardly from the mixing tube sufficiently to further expand the mixture, but not so far as to constrict the upward flow of gases toward outlet tube 16 between the deflector and side wall 22, as indicated by arrow 80. Such flow must be less than about 600 feet per minute (3 ms-') to avoid carrying water droplets out of the scrubber.
  • the scrubber is preferably designed for an average upward gas flow rate around the deflector skirt of about 400 feet per minute (2 ms-'), so that the maximum flow rate is less than about 500 feet per minute (2.5 ms- 1 ).
  • Brackets or gussets interconnect the lower ends of mixing tube 40, exhaust inlet tube portion 32 and cup 37. Additional brackets (not shown) interconnect the upper ends of tube 40, tube portion 32 and deflector hood 42. Brackets also connect the mixing tube to tank side wall 22 to support the scrubber core in the tank.
  • the float-actuated control mechanism 20 includes a float or stilling chamber 48 defined by a vertical baffle 49, a float 50, a rotating float shaft 52, sealed shaft fitting 54, water level sensing valves 56, 57, and safety shutdown switch or valve 58.
  • baffle 49 extends along a chord between two points on the inner side of side wall 22 to define float chamber 48.
  • the float chamber is preferably just large enough for float 50 to move freely up and down between the baffle and the side wall in response to changes in water level.
  • the baffle has small openings 60 near bottom wall 26 to equalize the water level on opposite sides of the baffle.
  • the float chamber is sufficiently tall and narrow to reduce the effects of sloshing and gradient changes on the float.
  • Float 50 is connected to shaft 52 by a radial arm 51 so that changes in water level raising and lowering the float rotate the shaft within fitting 54.
  • the fitting comprises a pipe fitting screwed into a mating fitting welded into an opening in side wall 22 at a position midway between high water level 66 and shut down water level 68.
  • a commercial 0- ring seal (not shown) of a type which is compatible with corrosive water solutions seals the pipe fitting around shaft 52.
  • Sensing valves 56, 57 are mounted on shaft 52 outside the scrubber tank, where they are isolated from corrosive scrubbing liquid.
  • the valves utilize either pneumatic or hydraulic pressure to control the addition of make-up water to the scrubber tank.
  • Each valve includes a cam 62 mounted for rotation on shaft 52 in position along the shaft to actuate the valve mechanism.
  • Cams 62 are rotationally positioned on shaft 52 so as to actuate their respective valves at different float positions.
  • the cam for sensing valve 56 is positioned to actuate valve 56 to add water to the scrubber tank from a make-up water valve and tank (not shown) when the float descends to a "refill" level 64.
  • the cam of valve 57 is positioned to actuate valve 57 to cease adding make-up water when the float ascends to a "full” level 66.
  • the cam in safety valve 58 is positioned to actuate valve 58 to shut down the engine (not shown) when the float descends to "shutdown" level 68 below the "refill" level.
  • Sensing valves 56 and 57 keep the scrubber tank supplied with water until the make-up tank is empty, maintaining the water level above the "refill” level. Thereafter, the water level drops to the shutdown level, to activate safety shutdown valve 58, to shut down the engine before the water level gets so low that the scrubber ceases to act as an effective flame arrestor.
  • Tank 12 exhaust inlet tube 14, outlet tube 16, cup 37, mixing tube 40, deflector 42, baffle 49, float 50 and fitting 54 are all preferably made of stainless steel.
  • Shaft 52 is preferably bronze aluminum alloy and the 0-ring is preferably made of "Viton", a well-known brand of fluorocarbon elastomer.
  • Inlet flange 31 and valves 56, 57 and 58 can be constructed of low cost corrosible components since they are unexposed to corrosive scrubber water.
  • a batch-type water scrubber 110 comprises a scrubber tank 112, an exhaust inlet tube 133, an exhaust outlet tube 116, a scrubber core 118 and a float-actuated control mechanism 120.
  • the batch-type scrubber uses a scrubber tank 112 whose water volume is large enough to operate for an extended length of time before refilling, for example, one eight hour work shift.
  • Tank 112 is an oblong, rectangular tank with top and bottom walls 122, 124, opposite side walls 126, 128 and end walls 130, 132.
  • a capped refill opening 134 is located in the top wall near end wall 132. The shape of the tank and the position of the refill opening can be changed as needed to conform to the space availability in different mining vehicles.
  • Side walls 126, 128 are spaced closely together to minimize sloshing and the effects of sudden gradient changes on water level in one lateral dimension.
  • Two parallel baffles 136, 138 extend across the inside of the tank between the side walls. The baffles are spaced closely together to minimize sloshing and the effect of sudden gradient changes in the other lateral dimension.
  • the side walls and baffles form wall means which define tall, narrow central scrubber chamber 140 and two storage chambers 142, 144 at each end of the tank. Notches 146 at the lower corners of the baffles provide small openings for water to flow from one chamber to the other. Oblong openings 148 near the tops of each baffle allow gases to flow from one chamber to the other.
  • the scrubber core is centred in the tank within chamber 140 to further minimize the effects of gradient changes.
  • the exhaust inlet tube 133 has a vertical tube portion 32 extending downwardly from an inlet flange 31 surrounding an opening in upper wall 122.
  • Scrubber core 118 is substantially the same as core 18 of the make-up type scrubber, except that deflector head 42 can be connected either to the underside of wall 122 or to inlet tube portion 32.
  • Outlet tube 116 is connected to an opening in top wall 122 above storage chamber 142.
  • Float mechanism 120 positioned along side wall 126, is substantially the same as mechanism 20 in the make-up scrubber. However, it has only one water level sensing valve or switch, safety shutdown valve 58. Float 50 is approximately centred between the baffles alongside the scrubber core. The float mechanism is positioned low enough vertically to sense the minimum level of water at which the scrubber will prevent flame propagation in case of engine backfire or an explosion in the scrubber core. Cam 62 is adjusted rotationally on shaft 52 to insure that the valve shuts down the engine when that minimum level is reached.
  • both embodiments of the scrubber are initially filled with water or other suitable scrubbing liquid.
  • the make-up tank is also filled.
  • the batch-type scrubber is filled to a level substantially above the float but below the lower edge of deflector side wall 46. The maximum water depth should be observed in filling the scrubber tank to avoid agitation of the water surface and overly high initial water consumption and engine back pressures.
  • any water inside cup 37, the mixing tube 40, and the end of exhaust tube 16 is displaced by the gases. The displaced water should not raise the water level above such maximum.
  • the tank should not be filled above a maximum static water level which is about four inches (10 cm) below the skirt of the deflector hood in the make-up scrubber and about three inches (7.6 cm) below the hood in the batch scrubber, depending on tank size.
  • the hot exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine travel via a water jacketed exhaust pipe 33, 133 through the scrubber exhaust inlet flange 31 into inlet tube 14, 114.
  • the hot gases enter the scrubber, as indicated by arrows 70 in Figures 2 and 5, and flow downwardly toward exhaust opening 34.
  • the annular orifice constricts and accelerates the flow of gases so that they flow upwardly at high velocity all around the end of exhaust tube 16 into the mixing chamber 75.
  • the mixture of gases and water droplets flows upwardly around the outside of the vertical portion of the exhaust tube, which is also cooled somewhat by the water.
  • a second flow reversal is effected by deflector 40 as indicated by arrows 78' in Figures 2 and 6.
  • the mixture is deflected laterally and then downwardly by deflector walls 44, 46. This action impels the mixture toward the surface of water 28.
  • the mixture is expanded a second time to further reduce its velocity.
  • the water droplets and exhaust particles striking the water surface are thus captured.
  • the now-cooled gases rise toward the top of the scrubber tank around skirt 46, as indicated by arrows 80 in Figures 2 and 6.
  • the rising gases are further cooled by the downward spray of water droplets from the deflector.
  • the gases then flow toward the exhaust gas outlet, as indicated by arrows 82.
  • the gases exit the tank substantially free of water droplets and at a much reduced temperature and level of water-soluble and particulate pollutants.
  • the overall height of the scrubber core 18, 118 is about 26 inches (66 cm).
  • the diameters of the exhaust inlet tube 14, the cup 37, the mixing tube 40 and the deflector 42 are about 5 inches (13 cm), 61 inches (16.5 cm), 8 inches (20 cm) and 12 inches (30 cm), respectively.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the exhaust inlet tube, the mixing chamber and the annular opening between the deflector skirt and the mixing tube are progressively greater by ratios of at least 1.5 to 1.
  • the bottom wall of the cup is spaced about inch (1.25 cm) above the bottom of the tank and its side wall is about 2'1 inches (6 cm) high.
  • the lower ends of the exhaust inlet tube and the mixing tube are spaced about 1; inches (4.5 cm) above the bottom wall of the tank.
  • the top wall 44 of the deflector is spaced about 2" inches (6 cm) above the upper end of the mixing tube and the deflector skirt 46 extends downwardly therefrom about 5 inches (13 cm).
  • a scrubber core of the foregoing dimensions was tested in a make-up scrubber tank about 34 inches (86 cm) high and having a diameter of about 18 inches (46 cm). It was found that such scrubber cooled exhaust gases to 15O-160°F (66°C-71°C) without a significant change in water consumption over a range of water depths which varied from a minimum of less than 3 inches (7.6 cm) to a maximum of about 18 inches (46 cm). When static water depth exceeded 18 inches (46 cm) or less than about 3 inches (7.6 cm) below skirt 46, water consumption increased substantially because of agitation of the water surface. Thus, the maximum static water depth during operation of the scrubber should be less than 17 inches (43 cm).
  • a scrubber core of the foregoing dimensions has also been tested in a batch-type scrubber tank and has given similar results.
  • the ability of the scrubber core to operate effectively over such a wide range of water depth allows a 50 per cent reduction in surface area of the tank from that required by prior batch-type scrubbers, without reducing operating time between refills. Accordingly, space requirements for batch-type scrubber tanks are substantially reduced. Sloshing and shifting of water levels within the tank due to gradient changes are likewise reduced to the point where simple baffling becomes effective. Centring the scrubber core and float in the tank reduces their susceptibility to any residual gradient changes.
  • the scrubber core and exhaust inlet tube are described as being cylindrical, but the invention encompasses other geometric shapes as well.
  • the vertical portion of the exhaust tube, the cup, the mixing tube, and the deflector skirt are parallel- sided cylinders.
  • the mixing tube could be an inverted frustoconical tube.
  • deflector hood 42 other means for separating entrained water droplets can be used. Examples include an inertical separator, or swirling tube, and water eliminating vanes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Auspuffgasreiniger, aufweisend einen Naßabscheidertank (12); ein Abgas-Einleitrohr (14) zum Einleiten heißer, verunreinigter Gase nach unten in den Tank zu einer Auslaßöffnung (34); ein Mischrohr (40), das einen Abschnitt des Einlaßrohres umgibt, zur Bildung einer Mischkammer (75) zwischen den Rohren, wobei das Mischrohr sich oberhalb und unterhalb eines Flüssigkeitsspiegels in dem Naßabscheidertank erstreckt; eine Ablenkeinrichtung (37) zur Umkehrung des aus der Auslaßöffnung austretenden Gasstroms, um diesen Gasstrom aufwärts in die Mischkammern abzulenken, wobei die Ablenkeinrichtung sich nach oben in die Mischkammer erstreckende und mit Abstand zwischen dem Mischrohr (40) und dem Einleitrohr (14) angeordnete Wände (38) aufweist, um eine Ansaugeinrichtung zum Ansaugen von Waschflüssigkeit in die Mischkammer zum Mischen mit, Abkühlen und Reinigen der Abgase zu bilden; Abtrenneinrichtungen (42) zum Abtrennen der Flüssigkeit von den Gasen und einen Abgasauslaß (16) zum Herauslassen der gekühlten, gereinigten Gase aus dem Tank, wobei das Mischrohr ein offenes oberes Ende und ein nahe dem Boden (26) des Waschtankes angeordnetes unteres offenes Ende (41) besitzt.
2. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Ablenkeinrichtung (37) mit Abstand vom Boden (26) des Waschtankes in einer ausreichenden Weise angeordnet ist, um es der Waschflüssigkeit zu erlauben, zur Kühlung des Tankbodens darunter zu gelangen, bei dem weiter die Ablenkwand (38) oberhalb, aber nahe benachbart des unteren Endes (41) des Mischrohres endet; und bei dem die Auslaßöffnung (34) des Abgaseinlaßrohres (14) unterhalb des oberen Endes der Ablenkwand sich befindet.
3. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 bei dem die Ansaugeinrichtung eine innere Gasansaugöffnung aufweist, welche die Abgas- öffnung (34) umgibt, und eine äußere Waschflüssigkeitsöffnung, welche die innere Gasansaugöffnung derart umgibt, daß Waschflüssigkeit in die Mischkammer (75) durch im wesentlichen die gesamte äußere Öffnung mittels nach oben durch die innere Öffnung strömender Gase gesaugt werden kann.
4. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Abtrenneinrichtung zum Abtrennen der Flüssigkeit von den Gasen eine das Abgaseinleitrohr (14) oberhalb des oberen offenen Endes des Mischrohres umgebende Ablenkhaube (42) aufweist, die so ausgebildet und angeordnet ist, daß sie den nach oben gerichteten Abgasstrom und den Waschflüssigkeitsstrom aus der Mischkammer umkehrt, um diese Strömung nach unten in den Waschflüssigkeitsvorrat zum Abtrennen der Flüssigkeit von den gekühlten, gereinigten Gasen abzulenken; wobei der Tank äußere Wände (22) besitzt, die derart mit Abstand von der Ablenkhaube angeordnet sind, daß sie einen Durchlaß durch diesen begrenzen, so daß die gekühlten, gereinigten Gase frei um die Ablenkhaube zum Abgasauslaß strömen können, wobei weiter die Querschnittsfläche des Durchlasses so gewählt ist, daß die Geschwindigkeit der um die Ablenkhaube aufwärts strömenden Gase niedriger ist als die Geschwindigkeit, bei der die Gase Flüssigkeitströpfchen nach oben zu dem Abgasauslaß mitführen würden.
5. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 4, bei dem das Einlaßrohr (14), die Mischkammer (75) und eine ringförmige Öffnung zwischen Mischrohr und Ablenkhaube (42) von zunehmend größerer Querschnittsfläche sind, so daß Expansionseinrichtungen zum Expandieren des strömenden Gasvolumens gebildet werden, wodurch dessen Geschwindigkeit nach jeder Strömungsumkehr herabgesetzt wird.
6. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 1, bei dem ein Abgasauslaß (16) mit einem oberen Tankabschnitt, oberhalb des Niveaus des Bekkens, in Verbindung steht, die Ansaugmittel eine kreisrunde Öffnung aufweisen, gebildet durch die Ablenkeinrichtung und einen Wandabschnitt des Mischrohres, außen angrenzend an den nach oben gerichteten Gasstrom, so daß der nach oben gerichtete Gasstrom Tröpfchen der Waschflüssigkeit in die Strömung saugt; und bei dem eine zweite Ablenkeinrichtung (42) vorgesehen ist, die das obere Ende des Mischrohres umgibt, um die nach oben gerichtete Strömung der flüssig-/gasförmigen Waschmischung, die aus dem oberen Ende abgelassen wird, umzukehren und zu expandieren und die Waschflüssigkeitströpfchen zur Abtrennung der Tröpfchen von den Gasen nach unten gegen die Oberfläche des Flüssigkeitsvorrats zu treiben, wobei der Tank äußere Seitenwände (22) besitzt, die mit Abstand von der zweiten Ablenkeinrichtung (42) angeordnet sind, und derart einen Durchlaß dazwischen bilden, daß die Gase nach oben durch einen nach unten gerichteten Flüssigkeitströpfchen-Sprühregen und um die zweite Ablenkeinrichtung zum Abgasauslaß (16) strömen, wobei die Querschnittsfläche der Durchlaßwand derart dimensioniert ist, daß die Gase weiter expandiert werden, und die Geschwindigkeit auf eine Geschwindigkeit unterhalb derjenigen Geschwindigkeit, bei sie Flüssigkeitströpfchen nach oben zum Abgasaulaß mitreißen würden, verringert wird.
7. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 6, bei dem das Mischrohr (40) die Auslaßöffnung der Abgasröhre umgibt und von dieser beabstandet ist, um eine kreisringförmige Mischkammer (75) zu bilden; bei dem eine erste Ablenkeinrichtung eine Ablenkglocke (37) aufweist, die die Auslaßöffnung aufnimmt, um die nach unten gerichtete Strömung der aus der Öffnung abgelassene Gase umzukehren, um die Gase nach oben in die Mischkammer umzulenken, wobei die Ablenkglocke eine Seitenwand (38) besitzt, die sich nach oben ein kurzes Stück in die Mischkammer erstreckt, um eine kreisringförmige Gasöffnung zu bilden, die den Auslaßendbereich der Einlaßröhre umgibt, und eine kreisringförmige Waschflüssigkeitsöffnung, die die Gasöffnung so umgibt, daß die Gase, die nach oben durch die Gasöffnung strömen, Waschflüssigkeit in die Mischkammer ansaugen, zur Vermischung mit den Gasen; und bei dem weiter die zweite Ablenkeinrichtung eine Ablenkhaube (42) aufweist, einschließlich einer sich nach unten erstreckenden Seitenwand (46), die die Abgaseinlaßröhre umgibt, beabstandet oberhalb des oberen offenen Endes der Mischröhre, um die nach oben gerichtete Strömung der Gas-Waschflüssigkeitsmischung, die aus der Mischkammer abgelassen wird, umzukehren, um die Mischung nach unten zu der Oberfläche des Beckens hin umzulenken, um so die Tröpfchen der Waschflüssigkeit von den nicht gekühlten Gasen zu trennen; wobei das Mischrohr und die Ablenkhaube zur progessiven Expansion der Gase betreibbar sind, wodurch die Geschwindigkeit der Gase herabgesetzt wird, und der Waschtank derart nach außen mit Abstand von der Ablenkhaube angeordnet ist, daß die nun abgekühlten Gase undgehindert dazwischen zur Auslaßöffnung strömen können.
8. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 7, bei dem die Querschnittsfläche der Gasöffnung geringer ist als die Querschnittsfläche der Abgasauslaßöffnung, bei dem weiter die Querschnittsfläche der Mischkammer größer ist als die Querschnittsfläche der Gasöffnung; und bei dem die Ablenkhaubenseitenwand (46) äußerlich beabstandet ist von der Mischröhre, um eine kreisrunde Öffnung zwischen der Ablenkhaube und der Mischröhre (40) zu bilden, deren Querschnittsfläche größer ist als die Querschnittsfläche der Mischkammer, wobei die Strömung der Auspuffgase zunächst verjüngt ist, um die Gasgeschwindigkeit durch die Gasöffnung zu erhöhen, dann sich plötzlich erweitert, wenn die Gasströmung in die Mischkammer eintritt und weiter expandiert, wenn die Strömung in der Ablenkeinrichtung umgekehrt wird.
9. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 7, aufweisend Wandelemente (22), die eine Waschkammer zur Aufnahme einer Waschflüssigkeit in einem kleinen Becken bilden, das die Mischröhre umgibt, wobei die Wandelemente äußerlich beabstandet sind von der Ablenkhaube (42), ausreichend um die gekühlten Gase zu verlangsamen, wenn sie durch den Abgasauslaß (16) strömen, auf eine Geschwindigkeit unterhalb derjenigen, bei der die Gase dazu neigen würden, Waschflüssigkeitströpfchen zu dem Auslaß mitzuführen.
10. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Waschtank (12) eine vertikale zylindrische Seitenwand zur Aufnahme eines schmalen ringförmigen kleinvolumigen, das Mischrohr umgebenden Flüssigkeitsvolumens enthält, bei dem weiter die Ablenkglocke (42) nahe dem Boden des Waschtanks angeordnet ist; und bei dem der Wäscher Aufbereitungsflüssigkeit-Steuerungsmittel aufweist zur Steuerung der Zugabe von Flüssigkeit in das Behältnis, um zumindest eine minimale Flüssigkeitshöhe in dem Behältnis aufrechtzuerhalten, wobei die Aufbereitungsmittel einen Schwimmer (50) innerhalb des Wäscherbehältnisses aufweisen, der eine drehende Welle (52) besitzt, die sich durch die Seitenwand erstreckt, und ein Ventil (56) auußerhalb des Waschbehältnisses, um Flüssigkeit in das Waschbehältnis zuzugeben, entsprechend der Drehung der Welle, um so es zu ermöglichen, daß das Flüssigkeitsniveau auf ein Minimum fällt in einem unteren Bereich des Behältnisses, und um dann das Behältnis wieder bis zu einem maximalen Niveau zu füllen, das ausreichend unterhalb der tiefsten Abmessung der Ablenkhaube (42) sich befindet, um eine Aufrührung der Flüssigkeit durch die Gase und Tröpfchen, die durch die Ablenkhaube nach unten abgelenkt werden, zu minimieren.
11. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Waschtank seitlich vergrößert ist, zur Aufnahme eines ausreichend großen Flüssigkeitsvolumens, damit der Wäscher über eine längere Zeitdauer ohne Nachfüllung verwendet werden kann, und wobei Abschaltmittel vorgesehen sind, um eine Maschine, die die Abgase erzeugt, abzuschalten, wenn die Flüssigkeit ein minimales Niveau erreicht, und bei dem Wände vorgesehen sind, die eine im Tank angenähert zentrierte Waschkammer bilden, zur Aufnahme eines Teils des großen Flüssigkeitsvolumens in einem engen Becken, das die Mischröhre umgibt; und bei dem die Abschalteinrichtung einen Schwimmer (50) aufweist, der sich innerhalb des Tankes nahe der Mischröhre befindet und eine drehende Welle besitzt, die sich durch eine Seitenwand des Tankes erstreckt, und ein Ventil (58) außerhalb des Tankes, das betreibbar ist, um die Maschine abzuschalten entsprechend der Drehung der Welle.
12. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 8, bei dem das Verhältnis der Querschnittsflächen der Gasöffnung zu dem der Mischkammer zwischen 0,4 und 0,5 liegt.
13. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 8, bei dem die Querschnittsflächen in Verhältnissen von mindestens 1,5 zu 1 zunehmend größer werden.
14. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 1, aufweisend eine Flüssigkeitsniveau-Erfassungseinrichtung zur Erfassung eines Flüssigkeitsniveaus in dem Tank (12), und eine Abschalt-Steuerungseinrichtung, reagierend auf die Niveau-Erfassungsmittel, zur Betätigung einer Abschaltung der Maschine, die die Auspuffgase abgibt, wenn die Flüssigkeit in dem Tank unter ein vorbestimmtes Niveau absinkt.
15. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 14, bei dem die Erfassungsmittel einen Schwimmer (50) aufweisen, innerhalb des Tankes (12), und der Tank eine Ablenkwand (49) aufweist, die ein kleines, enges Gehäuse für den Schwimmer bildet.
16. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 1, aufweisend. eine Flüssigkeitsniveau-Erfassungseinrichtung zur Erfassung eines Flüssigkeitsniveaus in dem Tank (12) und eine Aufbereitungsflüssigkeit-Steuerungseinrichtung, die mit der Niveauerfassungseinrichtung in Wirkverbindung steht, zur Steuerung der Zugabe von Flüssigkeit in den Tank, wenn die Flüssigkeit in diesem unter ein vorbestimmtes Niveau abfällt.
17. Auspuffgasreiniger nach Anspruch 4, aufweisend eine Flüssigkeitsniveau-Erfassungseinrichtung zur Erfassung eines Flüssigkeitsniveaus in dem Tank und eine Aufbereitungsflüssigkeit-Steuerungseinrichtung, in Wirkverbindung mit der Erfassungseinrichtung, zur Steuerung der Zugabe von Flüssigkeit in den Tank, wenn das Flüssigkeitsniveau unter eine vorbestimmte Marke fällt, und zur Beendigung der Zugabe von Flüssigkeit, wenn das Flüssigkeitsniveau über eine zweite vorbestimmte Marke ansteigt, beabstandet unterhalb der Ablenkhaube, um eine Aufwühlung des Flüssigkeitsbeckens durch die Gas-Flüssigkeitsmischung zu verhindern, die nach unten in das Becken gerichtet ist.
EP81301196A 1980-03-24 1981-03-19 Auspuffgasreiniger für Brennkraftmaschinen Expired EP0036765B1 (de)

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US06/132,855 US4300924A (en) 1980-03-24 1980-03-24 Exhaust gas scrubber for internal combustion engines

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GB1090042A (en) * 1964-03-17 1967-11-08 Bahco Ab Apparatus for contacting a gas with a liquid

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019229772A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Chaudhari Mangesh Mohan Device, method, and system of particulate filter for internal combustion engine

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AU6758581A (en) 1981-10-01
EP0036765A2 (de) 1981-09-30
US4300924A (en) 1981-11-17
AU536218B2 (en) 1984-04-19
NO810975L (no) 1981-10-27
CA1149731A (en) 1983-07-12
ZA811082B (en) 1982-03-31
FI70297C (fi) 1986-09-15
EP0036765A3 (en) 1982-04-14
DK110681A (da) 1981-09-25
DE3176684D1 (en) 1988-04-21
FI70297B (fi) 1986-02-28
FI810895L (fi) 1981-09-25

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