EP0041077A2 - Dispositif d'alimentation d'antenne pour une antenne de poursuite - Google Patents

Dispositif d'alimentation d'antenne pour une antenne de poursuite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041077A2
EP0041077A2 EP80108118A EP80108118A EP0041077A2 EP 0041077 A2 EP0041077 A2 EP 0041077A2 EP 80108118 A EP80108118 A EP 80108118A EP 80108118 A EP80108118 A EP 80108118A EP 0041077 A2 EP0041077 A2 EP 0041077A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polarization
signals
antenna
storage
coupling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80108118A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0041077A3 (en
EP0041077B1 (fr
Inventor
Günter Dr.-Ing. Mörz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bosch Telecom GmbH
Original Assignee
ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH filed Critical ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0041077A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041077A2/fr
Publication of EP0041077A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041077A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041077B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041077B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2131—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies with combining or separating polarisations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna feed system for circularly polarized signals with an exciter, the aperture cross section of which is symmetrical to at least one main axis, and a device for coupling higher wave types as storage signals for tracking the antenna, the excitation of which is proportional to the deviation of the main antenna axes from a received circularly polarized beacon signal he follows.
  • Future communications satellites will be required to illuminate a very specific area of the earth and, as little as possible, shine onto neighboring areas, especially when it comes to supplying neighboring countries with TV programs.
  • an alignment stabilization of the transmitting antenna In order to prevent the radiation field emitted by a satellite antenna from migrating to neighboring areas, an alignment stabilization of the transmitting antenna must be carried out. be made.
  • G. Mörz Analysis and synthesis of electromagnetic wave fields in reflector antennas with the help of multi-type waveguides, Diss. D82, TH-Aa chen (1978), p. 46 ff., a transmitting antenna known that works as a monopulse sensor.
  • the transmitting antenna also serves as a receiving antenna for a beacon signal which is emitted by a beacon station arranged in the center of the prescribed illumination area. Depending on the main axis deviation of the exciter of the satellite transmission antenna from the received beacon signal, the higher.
  • Wave types excited which are coupled via a mode coupler located directly behind the exciter and used as storage signals.
  • a linearly polarized signal is used as the beacon signal.
  • an antenna feed system with a device for coupling higher wave types as storage signals for circularly polarized signals is to be specified, whereby the exciter can also have a shape symmetrical only with respect to a main axis of the aperture surface in order to generate an elliptical radiation field on the earth.
  • the invention is based on the object of an antenna feed system for circularly polarized signals with an exciter whose aperture cross section is at least one Main axis is symmetrical, to create two independent storage signals for position stabilization according to the multi-mode monopulse principle, it has a high polarization purity of the transmitted message signals and the minimum required attenuation of the message signals as little as possible.
  • the object is achieved in that a polarization converter, which contains amplitude and phase compensation devices, is arranged between the exciter and the device for coupling higher wave types, in that the coupling of the higher wave types in a polarization switch connected to the polarization converter for separating two orthogonally polarized signals happens, which has a message signal input or output assigned to one polarization direction and an output for a first storage signal and assigned another message signal input or output and an output for a second storage signal to the other polarization direction and to the outputs for the storage signals of the polarization switch, if the storage signals for the two storage directions x, y are coupled to one another at the outputs, a correction network is connected which decouples the coupled storage signals.
  • the coupling structure for coupling the higher wave types is not arranged in the exciter, but behind it, does not interfere with the excitation of the hybrid modes advantageously used by grooved exciters (see DE-PS 26 16 125).
  • You will find before application because they best meet the high requirements in terms of area efficiency and freedom from cross-polarization as well as the adjustment of the lobe shapes in the E and H sections of the radiation diagrams.
  • a further advantage of this antenna feed system is the arrangement of the polarization converter between the exciter and the coupling structure. On the one hand, it does not interfere with the excitation of the hybrid modes and, on the other hand, it is possible to provide it with means for the interference effects of the exciter on the two storage signals and compensate for the polarization purity of the transmitted message signals.
  • Figure 1a shows the field types that are excited in the excitation horn with a rectangular or elliptical cross section and smooth wall.
  • the shaft types H 11 and E 11 there are the two shaft types H 11 and E 11 and with the elliptical cross section, the shaft types H 21 and E 01 (based on the designation of the shaft types in the circular waveguide).
  • the wave types H 11 and E 11 or H 21 and E 01 are superposed in a certain way.
  • the necessary transition from the throat cross section to the cross section of the polarization switch converts the higher wave types containing the storage information into the corresponding wave types of the input waveguide of the polarization switch (e.g. into the H 11 and E 11 waves) .
  • the beacon signal B is deposited ⁇ x
  • the two wave types in the polarization switch are superimposed in phase opposition with mode couplers, resulting in a field in the x direction.
  • the beacon signal is deposited ⁇ y
  • the two wave types are superposed in phase, which, as can be seen from FIG. 1c, results in a resulting field in the y direction. Only when the two higher wave types are superpositioned in the correct manner as described above, are the coupled signals independent of one another in their storage information.
  • each type of hybrid shaft in turn breaks down into the shaft types H 11 and E 11 described above.
  • FIG. 2 shows the block diagram of an antenna feed system for circularly polarized signals, the exciter 1 of which is symmetrical only to a main axis of the aperture area, in this exemplary embodiment rectangular.
  • a polarization converter 2 to which a polarization switch 3 with mode coupling is connected, is more frequently arranged with the interposition of a transition to cross-sectional adaptation.
  • the transmission signal S is fed into the input a of the polarization switch 3.
  • the storage signals ⁇ 1 and A2 are present at the outputs b and c, which generally contain mixed storage information, which is not unique, but mixed.
  • the mixing of the storage information is due to different transmission properties of the higher wave types in the waveguides, which means that the phase-correct superposition of the wave types and thus also the independence of the storage signals is lost.
  • a disturbing influence, which contributes to the coupling of the storage signals, is given by the different propagation constants of the excitation horn for the two higher wave types.
  • the different phase rotations of the excitation horn - in its two main planes - have a disruptive effect on the circularly polarized message signals to be transmitted.
  • the incoming circularly polarized field is elliptically distorted by the different phase rotations.
  • Another interference may result from a different antenna gain in the two main planes of the horn.
  • the circular polarization deteriorates to an elliptical one.
  • Gain and phase differences can also be caused by the reflector material of the antenna.
  • the polarization converter 2 located behind the exciter 1 in which these disturbances occur contains means for compensating for the described amplitude and phase errors.
  • a specific embodiment of such a special polarization converter is described below.
  • This polarization converter and the subsequent polarization turnouts 3 also cause the storage signals to be coupled by differently influencing the H 11 and E 11 waves. But irrespective of the individual causes of coupling, the signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 at the outputs b and c of the polarization switch are decoupled again with a mode coupler by means of a downstream correction coupler 4, for example in the form of a directional coupler normally used. The unmixed storage signals ⁇ x and Ay are then present at the outputs of the correction coupler.
  • the correction coupler can be dispensed with if the exciter fulfills certain phase conditions for the higher wave types.
  • the desired superimposition of the higher wave types H 21 and E 01 which then causes the decoupled storage signals ⁇ x and ⁇ y to appear directly at the outputs of the polarization switch 3 can be predetermined by the length of the exciter horn. It is therefore possible to generate a field configuration by means of a specific length specification of the excitation horn, which compensates for the interference from the exciter, polarization converter and polarization switch.
  • the length of the horn must be selected so that the individual fields H 21 and E 01 to be overlaid cause a mutual phase angle of 0 ° or a multiple of 180 ° for the corresponding waves at the mode couplings.
  • This phase relationship can also be set by specifying the length of the exciter horn throat, which does not necessarily have to have the same cross-sectional shape as the exciter aperture.
  • the horn throat advantageously has a circular cross-section (see patent application P 29 39 562.8).
  • the cross section of the horn throat must then be adapted to the cross section of the polarization converter with a waveguide transition.
  • the reception is at the output d of the polarization switch 3 signal E, which is broken down in a downstream crossover 5 into the reference signal t originating from the beacon signal and a possibly additionally transmitted message signal N.
  • a control variable for tracking the antenna can be derived from the comparison between the reference signal ⁇ and the storage signals ⁇ x and Ay derived from the beacon signal.
  • an interference signal S 1 appears , which is composed of undesired portions of the transmission signal S reflected in the exciter or on the antenna reflector b.
  • This reflected interference signal S 1 which would deteriorate the polarization purity of the radiation field without special compensation measures, is separated by the crossover 5 from the received signal and received by an absorber 7.
  • Figures 3a, b show the implementation of a polarization converter with means for polarization conversion for amplitude and phase compensation.
  • the front view is shown in FIG. 3a and the longitudinal section AA of the polarization converter is shown in FIG. 3b.
  • pathogens with identical propagation and radiation properties for the main orthogonal types, as is the case with pathogens that are symmetrical to two main axes of the aperture surface (e.g.
  • the coupling means are adjusted in their combination in the polarization converter that a fed-in, linearly polarized wave at the output of the polarization converter is split into broadband into two orthogonal waves (Ex, Ey) with the same amplitude and 90 ° phase difference (3.01 dB coupling). These waves then form the components of a circularly polarized wave.
  • Pathogen with unequal propagation and radiation properties for the orthogo nalen main types, namely those that are only symmetrical to a main axis of the aperture surface e.g.
  • the means for polarization conversion and amplitude compensation consist of two bevels 8 and 9 with grooves 8 'and 9', which are arranged in two diagonally opposite corners of the square polarization converter, and one which engages in grooves 8 'and 9'.
  • the bevels have an inductive effect and the diagonal dielectric plate has a capacitive character. These two capacitive and inductive coupling means together have an almost frequency-independent coupling behavior. In practice, it can happen that the antenna-related gain difference is frequency-dependent, so that the amplitude compensation must also be made frequency-dependent. This can take place with an increase in the coupling with the frequency with the aid of a mainly capacitive coupling and with a decrease with a predominantly inductive coupling. For a lower inductive coupling, a thicker or longer dielectric plate is used in connection with smaller bevels in the corners, whereas for a stronger inductive coupling a shorter or thinner plate is used in connection with enlarged bevels.
  • the bevels 8, 9 and the plate 10 can be constructed in steps over the length ( ⁇ / 4 transformers).
  • the amplitude compensation is achieved by dimensioning the coupling means described above in the diagonal planes in such a way that an uneven splitting of a wave fed into the two main planes of the quadratic polarization converter is achieved.
  • the output wave is not circularly polarized but rather elliptically polarized, the main axes of the polarization ellipse lying parallel to the central axes of the square output cross section of the polarization converter.
  • the wave components Ex and Ey of the elliptically polarized wave are 90 ° out of phase with each other, but are no longer the same amount.
  • the amounts of the wave components Ex and Ey can thus be influenced so that a difference in amount between Ex and Ey, e.g.
  • the elliptically polarized output wave of the polarization converter in turn generates a circularly polarized field in the radiation field of the exciter in the main beam direction.
  • a phase compensation is provided in the polarization converter, which compensates for phase shifts between Ex and Ey caused by a rectangular or elliptical exciter.
  • phase compensation Plate 11 which is arranged either horizontally or vertically in front of the diagonally running plate 10, depending on whether Ex in relation to Ey or Ey in relation to Ex is to be influenced in phase.
  • the phase correction can also be carried out with a rectangular waveguide section placed at the start of the excitation side in front of the square polarization converter, in which a side length is reduced compared to that of the polarization converter (not shown in the drawing).
  • Both means - dielectric plate and rectangular waveguide section - can be used together to compensate for the frequency response of the phase error.
  • one or the other compensation means must predominate.
  • the switch used for the present application and described in DE-OS 26 51 935 is used as the polarization switch with mode coupling.
  • This polarization switch with mode coupling begins with a square waveguide 12 in which the two orthogonally polarized waves of the H 10 and H 01 type exist.
  • the polarization converter must be connected to this.
  • two coupling windows 13 and 14 are arranged, which are embedded in the E position transversely to the square waveguide.
  • the width of the coupling window is about half as large as the side length of the square waveguide cross section.
  • the energy of the H 10 shaft that is coupled out at the coupling windows is passed on via a rectangular hollow body 15, 16.
  • Both rectangular waveguides 15 and 16 open into a waveguide branch (double-T branching) which, according to the designation in the block diagram in FIG. 2, has the input a for the transmission signal S and a waveguide gate b for energy components of the higher wave types H 11 and E 11 .
  • the signal coupled to the waveguide b has been designated ⁇ 1 in FIG.
  • the coupling window 13 and 14 are each provided with an electrically conductive rod 17 and 18, which is inserted into the side walls of the square waveguide 12. They are a countermeasure in order to suppress the resonances of higher waveforms that usually occur due to the enlargement of the waveguide space at the level of the coupling window.
  • the signal of the H 01 type is passed through a separating structure 19 in the square waveguide 12 to the output d, at which the received signal appears.
  • the separating structure 19 consists of a plate arranged between the upper and lower walls of the square waveguide, which, viewed in the direction of propagation, begins near the rear edges of the coupling window. Towards the front, the dividing plate 19 is approximately circularly tapered on both sides and extends into a tip 20. In this way, it is possible to deflect the H 10 -type wave arriving from the square waveguide 12 into the rectangular waveguides 15 and 16 with low resistance and reflection.
  • the directional attenuation of the coupling arrangement for the H 11 and E 11 shaft can be influenced over the length of the tip 20. Their length is set to the highest directional damping.
  • the signal 'coupled here has been designated 2 ⁇ in FIG. 2, the block diagram of the entire antenna feed system.
  • FIGS. 5a, b and c a possible structural design of the antenna feed system will be described with reference to FIGS. 5a, b and c.
  • the names of the individual elements of the antenna feed system correspond to those of the block diagram in FIG. 2.
  • the polarization converter with amplitude and phase compensation 2 is connected to the exciter 1.
  • the polarization switch 3 with mode coupling with the input a for the transmission signal S, the outputs b and c for the storage signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, which are generally still coupled and which are broken down into the uncoupled storage signals ⁇ x and ⁇ y with the aid of the correction coupler 4, and the output d for the received signal E.
  • the reference signal E is split off from the received signal with the crossover 5.
  • the interference signal S 1 and a possibly additionally transmitted message signal N which, which is not shown here, would still have to be separated from the interference signal via a further crossover.
  • the interference signal S 1 is finally supplied to an absorber not included in the drawing.
  • the correction coupler 4 can only fulfill its function if its coupling damping is adapted to the coupling of the storage signals ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and a defined phase relationship of 90 ° is set at its input. This phase relationship is e.g. by selecting the length of the waveguide leading from the waveguide output b to the correction coupler 4.
  • the components of the antenna feed system can also be formed from a circular waveguide.
  • the arrangement of the antenna feed system according to the invention naturally also works with a round exciter as the limit case of the elliptical exciter; in this case there is no need for amplitude and phase compensation in the polarization converter.
  • a receive signal can also be obtained from the transmit input a or a transmit signal can be fed into the output N.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
EP80108118A 1980-05-30 1980-12-22 Dispositif d'alimentation d'antenne pour une antenne de poursuite Expired EP0041077B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3020514 1980-05-30
DE19803020514 DE3020514A1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Antennenspeisesystem fuer eine nachfuehrbare antenne

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041077A2 true EP0041077A2 (fr) 1981-12-09
EP0041077A3 EP0041077A3 (en) 1981-12-16
EP0041077B1 EP0041077B1 (fr) 1985-02-20

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EP80108118A Expired EP0041077B1 (fr) 1980-05-30 1980-12-22 Dispositif d'alimentation d'antenne pour une antenne de poursuite

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US (1) US4365253A (fr)
EP (1) EP0041077B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5724105A (fr)
CA (1) CA1164088A (fr)
DE (2) DE3020514A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0128970A1 (fr) * 1983-06-18 1984-12-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Circuit à quatre accès pour une antenne de poursuite monopulse à microondes
EP0096461A3 (en) * 1982-06-04 1986-03-12 Andrew Corporation Microwave systems
EP0116418A3 (en) * 1983-01-28 1986-03-19 Andrew Corporation Multi-port, multi-frequency microwave combiner
EP0374720A3 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1991-03-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Convertisseur de mode
US5066959A (en) * 1988-12-01 1991-11-19 Telefunken Systemtechnik Gmbh Mode coupler for monopulse applications having h01 mode extracting means
WO1998010479A1 (fr) * 1996-09-09 1998-03-12 Cambridge Industries Limited Guide d'ondes ameliore pour systeme de sonde de polarisation double
EP0880193A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-25 Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la réception d'ondes hyperfréquences
US7304552B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2007-12-04 Andrew Corporation Waveguide for use in dual polarisation probe system having a signal reflector and rotator provide differential phase shift
DE102008044895B4 (de) * 2008-08-29 2018-02-22 Astrium Gmbh Signal-Verzweigung zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1286142C (fr) * 1985-09-26 1991-07-16 Noboru Kato Methode pour la production de produits de pate de poisson
DE3604432C2 (de) * 1986-02-13 1995-02-16 Deutsche Aerospace Modenkoppler für Monopulsanwendungen
US5175562A (en) * 1989-06-23 1992-12-29 Northeastern University High aperture-efficient, wide-angle scanning offset reflector antenna
US5109232A (en) * 1990-02-20 1992-04-28 Andrew Corporation Dual frequency antenna feed with apertured channel
JP4060228B2 (ja) 2003-04-04 2008-03-12 三菱電機株式会社 導波管形偏分波器
DE102013011651A1 (de) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 ESA-microwave service GmbH Antennen-Speisesystem im Mikrowellenbereich für Reflektorantennen
CN106207379A (zh) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-07 周丹 设有封装部的rfid电子天线标签

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1115046A (fr) * 1954-11-23 1956-04-18 Csf Perfectionnement aux dispositifs produisant une polarisation circulaire en ondes ultra-haute fréquence
DE2055443C3 (de) * 1970-11-11 1982-02-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Polarisationswandler für Mikrowellen
DE2212996C3 (de) * 1972-03-17 1980-09-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Einem beweglichen Sender nachfuhrbare Horn antenne
FR2302601A1 (fr) * 1975-02-28 1976-09-24 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'extr
US4030048A (en) * 1976-07-06 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Multimode coupling system including a funnel-shaped multimode coupler
DE2651935C3 (de) * 1976-11-13 1987-07-09 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Breitbandige Polarisations-Weiche
US4077039A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-02-28 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Launching and/or receiving network for an antenna feedhorn
US4258366A (en) * 1979-01-31 1981-03-24 Nasa Multifrequency broadband polarized horn antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0096461A3 (en) * 1982-06-04 1986-03-12 Andrew Corporation Microwave systems
EP0116418A3 (en) * 1983-01-28 1986-03-19 Andrew Corporation Multi-port, multi-frequency microwave combiner
EP0128970A1 (fr) * 1983-06-18 1984-12-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Circuit à quatre accès pour une antenne de poursuite monopulse à microondes
US4630059A (en) * 1983-06-18 1986-12-16 Ant Nachrichtentechnik Gmbh Four-port network coupling arrangement for microwave antennas employing monopulse tracking
US5066959A (en) * 1988-12-01 1991-11-19 Telefunken Systemtechnik Gmbh Mode coupler for monopulse applications having h01 mode extracting means
EP0374720A3 (fr) * 1988-12-22 1991-03-27 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH Convertisseur de mode
WO1998010479A1 (fr) * 1996-09-09 1998-03-12 Cambridge Industries Limited Guide d'ondes ameliore pour systeme de sonde de polarisation double
US7304552B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2007-12-04 Andrew Corporation Waveguide for use in dual polarisation probe system having a signal reflector and rotator provide differential phase shift
EP0880193A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-25 Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la réception d'ondes hyperfréquences
FR2763749A1 (fr) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-27 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Source d'antenne pour l'emission et la reception d'ondes hyperfrequences polarisees
US6166699A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-12-26 Alcatel Antenna source for transmitting and receiving microwaves
DE102008044895B4 (de) * 2008-08-29 2018-02-22 Astrium Gmbh Signal-Verzweigung zur Verwendung in einem Kommunikationssystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0041077A3 (en) 1981-12-16
CA1164088A (fr) 1984-03-20
EP0041077B1 (fr) 1985-02-20
US4365253A (en) 1982-12-21
JPH0369201B2 (fr) 1991-10-31
JPS5724105A (en) 1982-02-08
DE3070235D1 (en) 1985-03-28
DE3020514A1 (de) 1981-12-10

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